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CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology
Lecture 11
Chapter 3 Plas1cs
Balasubramanian S Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering
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Chapter 3 Plas1cs
Resins
Produc1on of Phenolic and Epoxy resins
Polymers and their Engineering Proper1es
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Overview of topics
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Balasubramanian S
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Resin is also hydrocarbon secre1on of many plants, par1cularly coniferous trees. It is valued for its chemical proper1es and associated uses, such as the produc1on of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents; as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis.
Resins
On the basis of deriva1on, plas1cs can also be grouped as
1. Natural resins
2. Synthe1c resins
3. Cellulose deriva1ves
4. Protein products
Resins
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Thermose,ng Resins Thermoplas1c Resins
Cellulose deriva1ve Polymer resin
Phenolic resins Cellulose nitrate Vinyl
Amino resins Cellulose acetate Polyamides
Alkyd resins Ethyl cellulose Polyethylene
Epoxy resins Cellulose propionates Polypropylene
Polyester Cellulose-‐acetate butyrates Fluorocarbons
Polyamides Ethyl cellulose Polysulfonates
Types of resins and plastics with some common trade name
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Phenolic Resin
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Phenolic Resin
Steam Water
Phenol
Formaldehyde
Sulfuric acid
Phenol-‐Cresol
Process
Ac1vators Dyes
Phenolic Resins
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Phenolic Resins Production
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Phenolic resins 1. Packing films and sheets 2. Containers 3. Wire cable insula1on 4. Pipes 5. Coa1ngs, molds, and toys etc.,
Uses of phenolic resins
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Kettle or Auto Clave Reactor
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Ribbon Blender
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Hammer Mill
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Amino Resins – Urea Formaldehyde
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Ball Mill
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Epoxy resins Bisphenol A + Epichlorohydrin Epoxide groups or polymer
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Resin Properties and its Applications
Resin Types Proper1es Applica1ons
Epoxies
Excellent chemical Resistance, good electrical and thermal proper1es adhesion proper1es, strong and tough with low shrinkage
Laminates, Adhesives, Floorings and linings
Phenolics
Good strength, heat stability, and impact resistance, high resistance to moisture penetra1on and chemical corrosion
Electrical components, structural boards, Laminates, glues, and adhesives
Polystyrene Low cost, east of processing, excellent resistance to acids, and bases, so]ened by hydrocarbons, and transparency
Insula1on, pipe, foams, thin walled containers, appliances and rubbers.
Polyamides Tough, strong and easily moldable; light; abrasion resistance; good chemical resistance; low coefficient of fric1on.
Unlubricated bearings; 1res; watch straps; packaging and boales.
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Polymers in engineering applications Binder: This is usually a resin or cellulose deriva1ve
Fillers: Cellulose, Coaon fibers, Glass fibers or fabrics may be added to increase
strength
Plas1cizers: Plas1cizers are organic chemicals added to synthe1c plas1cs in
order to
(I) Improve the workability during fabrica1on
(II) Reduces the viscosity of the resin and also impart flexibility to finished
product
Lubricants: Lubricants such as stearates and other metallic soaps are used
par1cularly in cold-‐molding compounds to facilitate the molding opera1on
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Polymers in engineering applications Engineering plas1cs are high-‐strength; high performance materials that can be subs1tuted for many metal uses. There are wide variety of engineering plas1cs available. Each one has its own special proper1es, and thus care must be taken in choosing a resin of par1cular use. These materials are o]en the usual plas1cs but have been carefully manufactured to posses extra quality proper1es. These materials shows beaer resistance towards wear impact and corrosive chemicals and have excellent electrical proper1es. Some of the uses of engineering plas1cs are automobile bumpers and dash boards, pumps, valves and gears, drive sha]s and transmission in heavy duty equipment.
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1. Dryden C. E, Outlines of Chemical technology – for the 21st Century, 3rd edi1on, East-‐West Press (2004)
2. Aus1n G. T, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th edi1on, Mc Graw Hill Interna1onal edi1ons (1984)
References
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Thank you