Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

9.3: The Jefferson Presidency

A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism1. Believed all had the

opportunity to succeed in America

2. Population growth; no problem = keep moving west!

3. Expansion not all good:a. Too much movingb. Environmental damagec. Increased slavery d. Harm to natives

B. Jefferson’s Gov’t

1. Small, small, smalla. Military, debt and internal

taxes all reduced or eliminated on federal level

b. States held the power and responsible for their own debt

2. Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states

C. An Independent Judiciary

Marbury vs. Madison1. Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are

constitutional2. LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches

D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti3. TJ’s concern?

Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans

4. LTC/Impact of purchasea. US doubles in size – peacefullyb. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement c. Trouble w/natives

5. criticism: Purchase not w/in the power of the president

TJ: it was in the interest of national security ?

E. Incorporating Louisiana

1. All are “American”2. French civil law

enacteda. Communal ownershipsb. Forced inheritance

3. 1812:Statehood

9.4: Renewed Imperial Rivalry in

North America

A. Problem with Neutral Rights1. GB does not acknowledge neutrality of USa. Seizes US shipsb. Seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers…Impressmentc. Open fires on US ship

B. The Embargo Act (1807)

1. American ships cannot sail to any foreign ports

2. Goal: “Peaceable Coercion”

a. Recognize US neutrality by GB

b. deprive GB and Fr from raw materials

3. Backfiresa. Exports drop by 80%b. Economic depressionc. Smuggling increased

4. Repealed in 1809

C. A Contradictory Indian Policy1. Intercourse Act ineffective2. TJ’s “civilized” natives?

3. Adapt, leave, or be killed

Indian Resistance Tecumseh

United tribes into political confederations

Dies at battle of Thames = natives unable to stay united as a political force

Battle of Tippecanoe Tecumseh attack US

and fail Gov. Harrison (NW

territory) defeat Tecumseh

Tecumseh helped by GB = in part, war of 1812

#4: President Madison (1809-1817)

Dem-Republican responsible for writing constitution

9.5: The War of 1812

“Second war of Independence”

A. Reasons for this war1. Impressment2. GB supporting

natives3. US Shipping rights

restricted by GB4. Expansion into

NW territory5. GB not

recognizing US neutrality

B. The War Hawks

1. S. and W. congressmen who wanted war w/GB

2. North and middle states did not = sectionalism

3. US military small thanks to TJ!

4. GB uses blockade effectively; keeps US from trading with other countries esp. West Indies

5. D.C. burned to the ground6. Francis Scott Key = Star-

spangled Banner

B. Campaign Against Northern and Southern Indians

1. Canadians defeat Americans

a. NE states did not agree w/war; did not help

b. Tecumseh and Indian confederation help GB

2. Battle of New Orleansa. Led by Andrew Jacksonb. “Battle that saved the Union”c. National unity increasesd. Date of battle? Date of treaty?

C. The Hartford Convention1. Meeting to discuss

nullification due to war grievances; NE states

2. War over before delegates reached Congress

D. Treaty of Ghent, Belgium (1814)

1. GB leaves western posts2. Impressment and

neutrality rights never addressed!

3. US moral increaseda. “We won, we won!” (BNO)

b. “We are not your colony any longer!”

4. Divisive in Congress; unnecessary war

5. Biggest losers…

…Native Americans!

9.6: Defining the Boundaries

A. Moving West – Again!1. Why?a. Population doubles by 1820b. Needed farmlandsc. Accessibility due to new

landsd. Decrease in price =

2. Land Act 1820a. $1.25 per acreb. 80 acre lots

c. Cash only! Who benefits?3. Lateral moves

B. Pres. Monroe & Era of Good Feelings

1817-1825

Dem-RepublicanElection of 1816

Madison & the Election of 1820

Monroe(D-R)

JQ Adams Federalist

C. Henry Clay’s American System

1. Economy needed support of the federal gov’t.

2. Can you say “Alexander Hamilton?”

a. 2nd Bank of US 1816 i. 20 yr charter

ii. Commercial interests pressures Congress to

pass

b. Tariff of 1816 – first to be used as tariffs are intended for: protect American goods

c. Interstate Projects – canals and roads; LTC?

D. Diplomacy of JQ Adams (Sec. of State)

1. Border issuesa. Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817; US/GB) i. Canada/US border @ 49th parallel ii. Great Lakes demilitarizedb. Transcontinental Treaty (1819; US/Spain) aka Adam-Onis:

Florida ceded

c. Convention of 1824 Russia accepts 54’40 as northern Oregon border

2. Monroe Doctrine (1823)Thanks to JQ Adams!

a. Europeans not to interfere in the western hemisphere and vice-versa

b. Can keep current colonies; no new ones

c. US to recognize LA independent countries

d. What’s wrong with this policy?

E. The Panic of 18191. Europe back to a

peacetime economy = hardship for US farmers and shipping

2. Land speculators = increased prices

a. Credit w/bad banksb. Credit constrictedc. Foreclosuresd. Farmers resent

banking systems

3. Tariffs: sectionalism

F. Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise

Issue?: balance of power in the Senate

Political Parties 1789: GW none Federalists and Dem-Rep (Anti-Feds) 1824: all candidates Dem-Rep 1828: Dem-Rep become Democrats 1836: Whigs (former Feds) 1856: Republican 1860: Lincoln (R)