Nerve activates contraction

Ch 5F:The Skeletal System

2006Hoban1Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints2006HobanBursitis inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or frictionTendonitis inflammation of tendon sheaths

Bursitis

Removing fluid from bursa2006Hoban

Arthritis inflammatory or degenerative diseases of jointsOver 100 different typesThe most widespread crippling disease in the United States

Dont you just love anatomy?

Clinical Forms of ArthritisOsteoarthritisMost common chronic arthritisProbably related to normal aging processesFound in fingers, cervical & lumbar joints, knees & hipsRheumatoid arthritisAn autoimmune disease the immune system attacks the jointsSymptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain jointsOften leads to deformitiesAttacks the fingers, wrists, ankles, feet

Rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical Forms of ArthritisGouty ArthritisInflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the bloodUric acid is waste product of nucleic acid metabolismSeen in malesCan usually be controlled with dietEat less liver, kidney, sardines (all high in nucleic acids)Gout usually affects the big toe2006Hoban

2006Hoban

GoutThe rich mans illness

Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System2006HobanAt birth, the skull bones are incompleteBones are joined by fibrous membranes fontanellesFontanelles are completely replaced with bone within two years after birth2006Hoban

Ossification Centers in a 12 week-old Fetus

Skeletal Changes Throughout LifeFetusLong bones are formed of hyaline cartilageFlat bones begin as fibrous membranesFlat and long bone models are converted to boneBirthFontanels remain until around age 2Skeletal Changes Throughout Life2006HobanAdolescenceEpiphyseal plates become ossified and long bone growth endsSize of cranium in relationship to body2 years oldskull is larger in proportion to the body compared to that of an adult8 or 9 years oldskull is near adult size and proportionBetween ages 6 and 11, the face grows out from the skullSkeletal Changes Throughout Life2006Hoban

2006Hoban

Skeletal Changes Throughout LifeOsteoporosisBone thinning with age50% of women over age 6520% of men over age 70Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily fractureVertebral collapse results in kyphosis (also known as Dowagers hump)Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton2006Hoban

Normal Bone Osteoporotic Bone