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Ch. 2, Sec. 1The Earth Inside and Out
Solar System
Center is sun-93 million miles away from Earth.
Earth is 3rd planet from sun.
What are planets in order???
Structure of the Earth• Inside the Earth
– Core-center of earth made up of nickel and iron.• Inner is a solid Outer is a liquid
– Mantle-made up of several layers. Thickest part– Crust-thinnest layer made up of rock
• On and Above the Earth– Atmosphere-layer of gases surrounds earth.– Lithosphere-solid rock part of surface that
includes the mantle.– Hydrosphere-makes up water on earth.– Biosphere-part of earth where plants and
animals live.
Continental Drift• Continents are always moving
– Started as Pangaea-1 supercontinent.– Broke into 2 parts-Laurasia & Gondwanaland– Continue moving into 7 continents.
Ch. 2, Sec. 2Bodies of Water & Landforms
• Bodies of Water– Oceans & Seas
• Make up 71% of planet.• 4 Main Parts??? _______, _______, _______, _______• Made of Salt water• 3 basic motions? _______, _______, _______• Motion helps keep temperatures even on earth.
• Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic• Waves, currents, tides
Iguacu Falls
Argentina
275 Falls
Hydrological Cycle• Continuous circulation of water between
atmosphere, oceans, and earth.
• Evaporation, Condensation, Transpiration, Runoff.
Landforms
• See Landform Activities Paper
• Relief-difference in elevation of a landfrom from lowest to highest points
• Topography-Shape of landforms and distribution of landforms on a map.– SHOWS VERTICAL DIMENSIONS(Height)
Ch. 2, Sec. 3 Internal Forces Shaping Earth
• Plate Tectonics– Huge plates moving constantly that float on magma
and represent the lithosphere. Slide past each other at fault lines
– 3 Types of Plate Movement• Divergent-plates moving apart. (Look @SA & Egypt)• Convergent-plates collide either crumbling or one plate
diving under the other. (India & Asia-Himalayas)• Transform-plates slide past one another causing
earthquakes
Earthquakes• As plates move, earthquakes occur. 1000s
happen every year, but many are not known.– Seismograph-instrument that detects and measures
waves created by earthquakes.– Richter Scale-uses seismograph information to
measure strength of earthquake.
• Tsunami-caused by earthquake in water. Large waves created
• Volcanoes-located along fault lines– Erupt shooting magma called lava, gases, ash,
rocks, and dust.