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Ch. 10: The First Global Age, 1400-1800Mr. ChavezWorld HistoryFall 2014
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe As the world expanded, the
power of states and empires also grew
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, many monarchs (kings) centralized power and authority This form of rule was known
as absolutism Absolute monarchs claimed
that their right to rule came from God This notion of God-given
authority was known as divine right
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe European monarchs backed up their
rule with military force They wanted to secure their borders
and expand their area of control They used modernized weaponry
based on gunpowder technology from China
They developed canons for land and sea
Developed new methods to fortify artillery attacks
Monarchs paid for their new military power by raising taxes and bank loans
Gunpowder Revolution!
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder EmpiresGunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern
Europe and Asia Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer
territory and build large empiresThe Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful
empires They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery
Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support their empire Their complex system of managing their government
was also known as a ________________
BUREAUCRACY
The Ottoman Empire
Modern Day Turkey
Majority of Turkish people are Muslim.Can you guess which branch of Islam?
Sunni
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder EmpiresTo the north, Russia also built a powerful state
empire
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and
collapsed in 1722 Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong
centralized state and promoted art and architecture This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire:
________________.The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and
India Lasted from 1526 to 1707 Also had a strong central government Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices
Shi’a
The Safavid and Mughal Empires
10.3: The Growth of State Power-Emerging European Dominance
Despite their success, most of the gunpowder empires declined by the late 1700s Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal
In contrast, Europe was getting stronger1 major factor: Commercial Revolution
Rapid expansion of business Fueled by overseas trade and colonization Gave rise to early forms of capitalism European states became extremely wealthy as a result Increased their military and political power
Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors helped Europe rise to power once more
Europe’s Rise to Power!
Now It’s Your Turn!Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.Title it Now It’s Your TurnWrite your responses on the back of your notes1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their
power.2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe
powerful?
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas By establishing American colonies, western European
countries… Built new empires Created new networks of exchange New colonies had both positive and negative effects on
the rest of the worldSpain and Portugal established first American colonies
Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s
_________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires Brought millions of Indians under their control
Conquistadors
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely
based on race White colonists made up the top social class They enjoyed the most power and privileges
Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of Europeans and Indian
At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans
Mestizos
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas
The Catholic Church also played an important role in colonial society
The spread of Catholic beliefs was a prime motive of the Spanish conquest
Spanish and Portuguese Empires
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies of SilverSilver mining became the main economic activity in
the Spanish colonies Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines
Silver had an enormous impact on the world economy Made into coins and increased world money supply Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused
by an increase in money supplyThe plantation system:
Spanish crown granted colonists large estates, stripping away land from Indians
Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc..
inflation
10.4: Atlantic Empires: A Continental ExchangeExchange of goods between the Old World and the
New World This was also known as the _____________________: the
transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
Columbian Exchange• The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects• Worst of all, Old World diseases spread
rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian populations
The Columbian Exchange
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and SlaveryOld World diseases killed at least 50% of the native
population Amounted to tens of millions of people This event is called the ________________.
The spread of disease made the European conquest of the Americas much easier Less Indians to resist European colonists Also, less Indians to work the land
Europeans started to import African slaves as a result
Great Dying
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and SlaverySlavery has existed since ancient times
Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before Major were prisoners of war
The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in the mid-1400s
By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in the practice of buying slaves as well
By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves had been shipped to the Americas Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the
Americas (approximately 2 million) The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as
the middle passage
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery
The slave trade had a major impact on Africa Slavery destroyed many African societies It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa
The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas Slavery supported the plantation system which was
violent and brutal Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists
today
Slavery in the Americas
10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas: Spreading Faith in the AmericasAs regions became more connected, ideas and
religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to place Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform
the worldColonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE
continents into the Christian world Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to
Christianity Many/most were converted forcefully In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with
their own traditional beliefsCatholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and
Asia
10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in EuropeNew ideas and ways of thinking arose in EuropeArtist and thinkers of the __________________, revived
classical art and culture. They promoted ______________, a belief in the value of the
individual This new way of thinking paved the way for the
____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave birth to new Protestant religions
Renaissance
Humanism
Reformation
10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe The printing press was
crucial to the Reformation And to ideas in general
Printing technology invented by China in the 11th century
German metalworker, Johannes Gutenberg advanced the technology in 1450 His printing press could
print 300 pages in one day Printing became faster and
more efficient
10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in EuropeThis movement sought to revive Catholicism in
response to the Reformation: _________________ The church expanded its missionary work in the new
coloniesScholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance,
began to study the natural world in new ways This new approach to learning was called ______________ Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s
Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems _________________________
Counter-Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment