Ch 1 NotesMr. Russo

Beaumont High School

Latitude Longitude Topographic Map Contour Line Contour Interval Hypothesis

Theory Core Mantle Crust Atmosphere Geosphere

Ch 1 Vocab Matrix

We will be able to break down Earth Science into its 4 main parts and describe each part.

Objective

Study of Earth and… Earth’s neighbors in space

What is Earth Science

Geology – Study of Earth (what the Earth is made of)

Geology

If you became a geologist you probably will get paid to travel across the whole world to study the different types of rocks etc.

Average $83,000

In case you were wondering

Oceanography – study the composition and movement of water (oceans, lakes, rivers, anything)

Average salary $70,000

Oceanography

Meteorology – Study of atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate

Average salary $74,528

Meteorology

Astronomy - Study of the universe◦ Stars and other planets

Average salary $55,000

Astronomy

Astronomy is not Astrology

We will be able to break down the Earth into its interior and exterior components

Objectives – Ch 1.2 Notes

Hydrosphere – Water portion of the Earth

All bodies of water (Ocean, lake, river, groundwater, etc)◦ 71% of Earth’s Surface◦ 97 % of all water is in

the ocean

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere - Gaseous portion of the planet

The air we breathe and all the gases in the air◦ Protects us from UV

light◦ Produces all forms of

weather

Atmosphere

Geosphere – Layer of Earth under ocean and the atmosphere (All rock and/or ground)

Geosphere

Biosphere - All life on Earth From the fish at the bottom of the ocean to

the birds highest in the sky Including plants

Biosphere

Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere Biosphere

What are the 4 major spheres into which Earth is divided?

We will be able to break down the Earth into its interior and exterior components

Objectives

Core Mantle Crust

What defines the 3 main parts of the Earth

Core – Innermost layer of the Earth Made mostly of Iron and Nickel Approximately 6000°C

Core

Mantle – 2nd layer of Earth between the core and the crust◦ All rock is molten

Mantle

Crust – Thin Rocky outer layer of Earth 2 layers – Lithosphere & Asthenosphere

Crust

If I was doing a study on the Earth’s crust, what would I be studying?

Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Geology

Question

If I was trying to predict weather patterns, what would I be studying?

Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Geology

Question

If I was doing a study on an endangered species, what sphere would I be studying?

Hydrosphere Biosphere Atmosphere Geosphere

Question

If I was trying to learn to find new places to find fresh water, what sphere would I be studying?

Hydrosphere Biosphere Atmosphere Geosphere

Question

We will be able to determine where cities are on a map using latitude and longitude coordinates

Objectives – Notes 1.3-1.5 (Pg27)

Latitude and Longitude

What lines on a map are used to indicate location?

Latitude – The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.

LANS

Latitude

Longitude – The distance East or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees.

LOWE

Longitude

Equator – 0 degrees latitude Prime meridian – 0 degrees longitude

Prime Meridian / Equator

Using your definition, draw a globe with latitude lines.

On White Boards

We will be able to create a 3D map from a 2D topographic map.

We will be able to determine the elevation of certain features on a topographic map using contour lines and contour intervals

Objective: Notes 1.3-1.5 (Pg 27)

Topographic Maps show Earth’s surface in 3 dimensions. They show elevation

Topographic Map

Topographic Maps show elevation. ◦ Elevation means 3 dimensions◦ Most maps only show 2 dimensions.

How do topographic maps differ from other maps?

Contour Line – A line on a topo map that indicates elevation

Every point on a contour line is the same elevation.

Contour Line

If contour lines are CLOSE together, that means the land is very steep.

If contour lines are WIDELY SPACED, the change in elevation is gradual.

Contour Lines Cont’d

Contour Interval – The space in between contour lines.

The contour interval varies based on the map.

Contour Interval

Hypothesis – A possible Explanation (untested)

Theory – Well tested and widely accepted by the scientific community

Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory

Theory of Gravity – Why we fall down

Atomic Theory – What we are made of

Theory of relativity – Einstein’s work

Big Bang Theory – How the universe was formed

Examples

Topographic Maps

What is a Topographic Map?

In contrast to most maps, a topographic

map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines.

Contours are imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation above or

below sea level.

Let’s take a walk up a hill!

We’re now at an elevation of 100 meters.

100m

Let’s keep going!

100m

Now we’re at 200m.

100m

200m

Shall we march on?

100m

200m

We’ve made it to 300m!

100m

200m

300m

On to the peak!

100m

200m

300m

We’re on the peak, but what’s our elevation?

100m

200m

300m

Any ideas?

100m

200m

300m

Let’s add contour lines for every 50 meters and see if that helps.

100m

200m

300m

We know that we are above 350m, but less than 400m.

50m

150m

250m

350m

100m

200m

300m

Let’s head down the hill, it’s getting late!

50m

150m

250m

350m

100m

200m

300m

Now what’s our elevation?

50m

150m

250m

350m

If you said somewhere between 200m and 250m you are right!

100m

200m

300m

Let’s try this again!

50m

150m

250m

350m

100m

200m

300m

What’s our elevation now?

50m

150m

250m

350m

If you said 50m or just under, you’re right!

Let’s now look at the same hill, but the way we might see it from an airplane!

Each color change represents a 50 meter increase.

Now, let’s try the same hike! Our elevation is 0 meters.

Now what is our elevation?

If you said more than 150 meters, but less than 200

meters your right!

Let’s go a little higher.

Think you know our elevation now?

More than 300metersBut less than 350meters

If we were standing on the peak, what would be our elevation?More than 350 meters,

less than 400 meters

Let’s head down hill.

Know our elevation?

More than 100 meters, less than 150 meters

Let’s see what you know.

400m 800m

1000m

1200m

A

B

C

D

E

F

600m

Grab a piece of paper and write your answers to the following questions.

Ready?