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Ch. 1 Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60)

Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

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Page 1: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Ch. 1 Human Body: An Orientation

Title: Aug 27­9:18 PM (1 of 60)

Page 2: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Enduring Understanding: 

The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with each other.

Essential Question:

What basic knowledge is needed to study the human body?

Title: Aug 27­9:31 PM (2 of 60)

Page 3: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

What is anatomy?

Title: Aug 27­9:33 PM (3 of 60)

Page 4: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another.

Title: Aug 27­9:33 PM (4 of 60)

Page 5: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

What is physiology?

Title: Aug 27­9:35 PM (5 of 60)

Page 6: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Title: Aug 27­9:35 PM (6 of 60)

Page 7: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Body has structural levels

Title: Aug 27­9:38 PM (7 of 60)

Page 8: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Organ system overview

Title: Aug 27­9:51 PM (8 of 60)

Page 9: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Integumentary System

Title: Aug 27­9:53 PM (9 of 60)

Page 10: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Function:• external covering ­ protection• waterproofs body• secretes salt and urea• regulates body temperature• receptors located here

­pain­temperature­pressure

• synthesizes Vitamin D

structures:epidermis, dermis, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, hair

Title: Aug 27­9:58 PM (10 of 60)

Page 11: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Skeletal System 

Title: Aug 27­10:01 PM (11 of 60)

Page 12: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

Function:• protection and support• framework for muscles• stores minerals• blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Title: Aug 27­10:03 PM (12 of 60)

Page 13: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Muscular System

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Food_Fitness/0198631472.muscle.3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/muscle&h=786&w=525& sz=64&tbnid=WCs ­6GgZWb4J::& tbnh=143&tbnw=96&prev=/images% 3Fq%3Dmuscle %2Bimages &sa=X&oi=image_result& resnum =2&ct=image& cd=1

Title: Aug 27­10:12 PM (13 of 60)

Page 14: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

structures: muscles, tendons

function:• locomotion (internal, external)• maintains posture• produces heat• facial expression

Title: Aug 27­10:17 PM (14 of 60)

Page 15: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Nervous System

Title: Aug 27­10:20 PM (15 of 60)

Page 16: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Function:• control system of body

­receives stimuli­interprets stimuli­responds to internal and external changes by  activating muscles and glands

Title: Aug 27­10:22 PM (16 of 60)

Page 17: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Endocrine System

Title: Aug 27­10:24 PM (17 of 60)

Page 18: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures:pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, liver, pineal, ovaries, testes

Function:• secrete hormones• controls body activities (growth, reproduction,    

metabolism)

Title: Aug 27­10:26 PM (18 of 60)

Page 19: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Cardiovascular System

Title: Aug 27­10:29 PM (19 of 60)

Page 20: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Function:• pumps blood• Transports substances

­oxygen­carbon dioxide­hormones­nutrients­wastes

Title: Aug 27­10:30 PM (20 of 60)

Page 21: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Lymphatic system

http://pleiad.umdnj.edu/~ dweiss/normal_node/ nl_node_image.html

Title: Aug 27­10:32 PM (21 of 60)

Page 22: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches, tonsils

Function:• picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels and 

returns it to blood• gets rid of debris• house white blood cells

Title: Aug 27­10:34 PM (22 of 60)

Page 23: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Respiratory System

Title: Aug 27­10:37 PM (23 of 60)

Page 24: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

Function:• supplies blood with oxygen• rids body of carbon dioxide

Title: Aug 27­10:38 PM (24 of 60)

Page 25: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Digestive System

Title: Aug 27­10:40 PM (25 of 60)

Page 26: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Function:• break food down• absorbs nutrients• removes water• excretes waste

Title: Aug 27­10:41 PM (26 of 60)

Page 27: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Urinary System

Title: Aug 27­10:44 PM (27 of 60)

Page 28: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Function:• gets rid of liquid (nitrogenous)waste• regulates water balance• regulates electrolytes• maintains acid­base of blood

Title: Aug 27­10:44 PM (28 of 60)

Page 29: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Reproductive System

http://www.stayinginshape.com/3chsbuffalo/libv/c03.shtmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit12_2_repdt_male1_testes.html

Title: Aug 27­10:48 PM (29 of 60)

Page 30: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Structures: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, epididymus, penis

Function:• produce offspring

Title: Aug 27­10:54 PM (30 of 60)

Page 31: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

What does the human body do?

• maintains boundaries• moves• responds to environmental changes• takes in and digests nutrients• carries out metabolism• disposes wastes (Excretion)• reproduce • grow

Title: Aug 27­10:57 PM (31 of 60)

Page 32: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

What are our survival needs?

• nutrients• water• oxygen• body temperature• atmospheric pressure

Title: Aug 27­11:01 PM (32 of 60)

Page 33: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside word is changing

homeo = same, stasis = standing still

­ internal conditions change and vary, but within narrow limits

Title: Sep 1­2:23 PM (33 of 60)

Page 34: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Title: Sep 1­2:54 PM (34 of 60)

Page 35: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Two types of mechanisms of homeostasis:1. negative feedback mechanism:

net effect of response is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce the intensity

Ex. body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood levels of glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, 

      minerals

2. positive feedback mechanism:net effect increases the original stimulus and pushes the variable 

farther from the original value

Ex. blood clotting, labor

homeostatic imbalance causes illness, disease or death

Title: Sep 1­2:55 PM (35 of 60)

Page 36: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Language of Anatomy

Title: Sep 1­3:04 PM (36 of 60)

Page 37: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Anatomical position: body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging down by sides with palms facing forward

www.physio­net.com

Title: Sep 1­3:06 PM (37 of 60)

Page 38: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Directional Terms

Title: Sep 1­3:10 PM (38 of 60)

Page 39: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Superior Inferiorcranial or cephalad caudal

Title: Boy 1 (39 of 60)

Page 40: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Anteriorventral

Posteriordorsal

Title: Sep 1­3:23 PM (40 of 60)

Page 41: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Medial

Title: Sep 1­3:25 PM (41 of 60)

Page 42: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Lateral

Title: Sep 1­3:25 PM (42 of 60)

Page 43: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Intermediate

Title: Boy 2 (43 of 60)

Page 44: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Proximal ­ close to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk or close to origin of the body part

Title: Sep 1­3:30 PM (44 of 60)

Page 45: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Distal­ farther from the origin of the body or away from trunk on a limb

Title: Sep 1­3:33 PM (45 of 60)

Page 46: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Deep­towards the inside of the body

Ex. The brain is deep to the skull.

Title: Sep 1­3:35 PM (46 of 60)

Page 47: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Superficial­ towards the outside of the body from inside

Ex. The skull is superficial to the brain.

Title: Sep 1­4:01 PM (47 of 60)

Page 48: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Regional Terms

Title: Sep 1­4:03 PM (48 of 60)

Page 49: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Title: Sep 1­4:03 PM (49 of 60)

Page 50: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Name the region

A

B

CD

E

F

G

Title: Sep 1­4:07 PM (50 of 60)

Page 51: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Body Planes and Sections

Title: Sep 1­4:06 PM (51 of 60)

Page 52: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Section = cutPlane = imaginary line where sections are made

http://www.freethought­forum.com/images/anatomy/bodyplanes.jpg

Sagittal section = cut made longitudinal dividing body into right and left parts

midsagittal = cut made so halves are equal

Frontal (coronal) section = cut made lengthwise dividing body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse section =cut made dividing body into top and bottom parts

Title: Sep 1­4:07 PM (52 of 60)

Page 53: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Which plane is represented by the letter "A"?

Which plane is represented by the letter "B"?

Cynthia Herbrandson, 1999, Kellogg Community College

Title: Sep 1­3:11 PM (53 of 60)

Page 54: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Body Cavities

Title: Sep 1­3:30 PM (54 of 60)

Page 55: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Title: Sep 1­4:23 PM (55 of 60)

Page 56: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Dorsal Body Cavity:1. Cranial cavity ­ space inside skull2. Spinal cavity ­ space where spinal cord is located, extends

  from cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column

Ventral Body Cavity:1. Thoracic cavity ­ holds heart and lungs2. Abdominopelvic cavity ­ 

a. abdominal cavity ­ contains stomach, liver, intestines and other organs

b. pelvic cavity ­ contains reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

diaphragm = muscle that divides the ventral cavity. located between the thoracic and adominalpelvic cavities 

Title: Sep 1­4:24 PM (56 of 60)

Page 57: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Quadrants of abdominal cavity

Title: Sep 1­4:31 PM (57 of 60)

Page 58: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Abdominal regions

Title: Sep 1­4:32 PM (58 of 60)

Page 59: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

What abdominal region are the following in?

A

B

C

D

E

F

Title: Sep 1­4:34 PM (59 of 60)

Page 60: Ch. 1 - body orientation · Human Body: An Orientation Title: Aug 279:18 PM (1 of 60) Enduring Understanding: The Human body is composed of complex organ systems that interact with

Title: Sep 8­9:25 AM (60 of 60)