CESB 493 Development of Conceptual Design June 2014 PDF

CESB 493“INTEGRATED CIVIL

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT” DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

Developing a Conceptual Design for IDP

13th Nov 2013

3

Seymour Papert

You can’t teach people everything they need to know.

The best you can do is position them where they can find what they need to know when they need to know it.

Chinese Proverb

CAPSTONE

DESIGN

CLASS

LECTURES

CAPSTONE

DESIGN

CLASS

LECTURES

LIMITATION

EAC Panel requires that we conduct a capstone design project as a compulsory course/subject and not as an elective.

Hence, decision was made to make CESB 493 Integrated Civil Engineering Design Project as a compulsory course/subject effective Sem II 2008-2009.

New 127CH Capstone Design is Core Subject

AUTHENTIC REAL PROBLEMS IS BASED ON OPEN ENDED PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLE CONSTRAINS AND SOLUTIONS

5

CASE STUDY REAL LIFE PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION

UNIVERSITY SET-UP

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNIVERSITY SET-UP

CAPSTONE DESIGN

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION

INDUSTRIAL SET-UP WORK BASED LEARNING

TYPE PROBLEM / SOLUTION

ENVIRONMENT

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION

INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION

HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEM WELL DEFINE SOLUTION

MODEL OF PROBLEM ORGANISED PROJECT WORK

6

Industrial Consultancy Projects

Problem Analysis

Preliminary and Final Design Report

Authorities Special Lectures Industrial Talks

Company Profile & Bussiness Plan

Authorities Guidelines Code of Practice

Literature Review

Client Consultant Meeting

Tender Documents •Conditions of Contract •Bill of Quantities •Specifications •Drawings •Design Calculations

CAPSTONE DESIGN PROCESS

OUTPUT

PROCESS

INPUT

•Schedule of Task •Monitoring of Progress

•Evaluation by Industrial Panel

MISSING LINK BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALS

& DESIGN PROCESS

THEORY & FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

MISSING LINK?

1 2 DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS

• SPREADSHEET

• SOFTWARE

• CAD-CAM

3

RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN IN THE

DESIGN PROCESS


CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Demands Criteria

• Technical

• Cost

• Time

• Sustainability & Env

• Societal, Legal &Culture

• Public Health & Safety

1 2

DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS

• SPREADSHEET

• SOFTWARE

• CAD

3

MISSING LINK

RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

IN THE DESIGN PROCESS


CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

6 Key Parameters

• Technical

• Cost

• Time

• Sustainability & Env

• Societal, Legal &Culture

• Public Health & Safety

1

2

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

• UBBL

• Guidelines

• Standard & Code

DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS

• SPREADSHEET

• SOFTWARE

• CAD

OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS EVALUATION & JUSTIFICATION

3

4

5

DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

AUTHENTIC

INDUSTRIAL BASED PROBLEMS GIVEN

MEETING PROJECT OBJECTIVES BASED ON PROJECT/CLIENT REQUIREMENTS

1

2

GATHERING AND COLLECTING RELEVANT DATA/BACKGROUND INFORMATION

3

DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN WITH ALTERNATIVES

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

GENERATING AND ANALYZING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS BY SYNTHESIZING & APPLYING APPROPRIATE CIVIL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

MODELLING AND DESIGN PROCESS

CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION BASED ON

1. Technical

2. Cost

3. Time

4. Sustainability & Env

5. Societal, Legal &Culture

6. Public Health & Safety

JUSTIFICATION AND ITS FINAL SOLUTIONS

4

6

5

7

8

‘More time is spent for conceptual design, better and more appropriate solutions would be found.

The possibility to save money in the long perspective and creating additional value with little extra cost can be clearly found.

‘Engineering problems are under-defined; there are many solutions, good, bad and indifferent. The art is to arrive at a good

solution. This is a creative activity, involving imagination, intuition and deliberate choice.’

~Ove Arup

.

Effect of time spent on conceptual design (Dekker 2000)

Conceptual design is probably the most inspiring part of

engineers’ tasks but at the same time the most demanding of all.

Indeed, the more experienced the bridge engineer is, the more easily he or she can see the solution in his or her head and does not need to start from scratch.

The contradiction becomes obvious as conceptual design has to be the most creative part of the design. On one hand, engineers do not need to invent the wheel every time they approach a problem. On the other hand, if they already predefine the answer in their mind, they are already neglecting most of the other alternatives, which reduces the possibilities for new inventions and improvement of solutions.

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

Tendering & Award.

Site Possession

Construction

Handover

Defect Liability Period.

Design Construction Cycle

’Five-step’ approach for conceptual design

In this section the methodology by Niemeyer (2003) is explained shortly. The

methodology in the next slide which presents an overview of the whole process of

conceptual design – from need definition to proposal of the best solution.

It was developed by combining the methodologies of Kroll et al. (2001) and of

Engström (2002).

The methodology of Kroll et al (2001) is more theoretical and is useful for

understanding of problem solving theory and creation of innovative solutions,

while Engström proposed a practical approach to solve the problem and his methodology is suitable when used as a toolbox.

Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)

Location of building

layout and its

platform levels, cost

estimate, what

infrastructure

services needed and

the structural

systems, materials

with its construction

methodology

Technical

aspects such

as codes,

legal issues,

site

constraints,

authorities

requirements

etc

Identifying the

most important

points to the

client, generation

of ideas and

solutions is made.

Proposed solutions

with sketches,

preliminary

calculations and

explanations is worked

out. Configuration is a

divergent process

Proposed solutions in step

4 are evaluated and

ranked according to key

parameters. Evaluation is

a convergent process.

Divergent and Convergent

Thinking for Solving

Problems


1. ‘Need definition’ – the actual start of the project.

The basic needs with regard to where the building layout and its platform level will

be situated, cost estimate, what infrastructure services needed and the structural

systems with its construction methodology required. This part makes all the parties

familiar with the task and the main goals.

It is very important to identify the actual needs without thinking about solutions. Need

identification independent of solution space can lead to an innovative design. After

identification of the needs, they have to be analysed, which helps to set the limitations

of the project. If the needs are correctly identified then the risk of changing the whole

design later during the design phase has been reduced or eliminated. One procedure

to identify the real needs is to list all questions and issues systematically.

2. ‘Design requirements’ – at this stage the requirements are further clarified and all

technical aspects such as codes, legal issues, site constraints and others are

discussed.

This step gives a summary of the minimum needed functions and constraints.

Design requirements do not mean checking the performance and properties of the

product, since this can lead towards predefined solutions, which again can be a hurdle

for innovative design. Since design requirements guide the design process, the

quality of the product is directly influenced by them.


3. ‘Key parameter identification’ – simplification of the task and

transformation of it into a more abstract problem.

By identifying the most important points to the client, generation of

ideas and solutions is made. These solutions should try to satisfy the key

parameters as much as possible. Simplification is done by depriving the

less important factors or removing those factors, which are not important

in the beginning or during the conceptual design phase but can be relevant

in the later stages.

Secondly, trying to solve the most critical problems first is the way to be

able to continue developing the concept further.

4. ‘Configuration’ – more detailed information about the proposed

solutions with sketches, preliminary calculations and explanations is

worked out.

For the evaluation of the physical configuration it is important to

define some parameters like dimensions and material choice. Since this

is a repeated process, several options will arise. Moreover, opposite to

parameter identification, configuration is quite a divergent process.

5. ‘Evaluation’ –the proposed solutions in step 4 are evaluated and

ranked according to different parameters.

• One of the most crucial steps is the ‘Key parameter identification’.

The solutions that remain as promising must be further evaluated and

compared. In order to do that the engineer must know which

parameters and qualities of a specific buildings and its infrastructure

are of greater importance for the client.

Dekker (2000) Proposed 4 Different Ways

1. Ranking matrix – all the parameters are compared to each other.

For each comparison the parameter is given one of three possible values:

+ More important

– Less important

0 Equally important

After this all the values are summed and the parameters ranked. This method gives logical

outcome by comparing parameters to each other instead of randomly distributing a number of

points between them. However, it requires more time and effort.

Ranking matrix, from Dekker (2000)

Key Parameter Identification 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sum Ranking

1. Technical 0 + + + + + 5 1/2

2. Cost + 0 + + + + 5 1/2

3. Time + + 0 + - + 4 3/4

4. Sustainability & Env + + + 0 - + 3 3/4

5. Societal, Legal & Culture + + - - 0 - 2 6

6. Public Health & Safety + + + - - 0 3 5

2. Discursive Ranking

• the different parameters are given a ranking on various scales (1 to 10, 1 to 100)

depending on the designer. The choice follows the needed accuracy or

preferences. The most important parameter receives the highest amount of

points and vice versa. If two objectives are considered equally important, they

should receive an equal score.

Discursive Ranking from Dekker (2000) Distribution of values using fixed number/scale

Scale Key Parameters Identifications

1

2 Societal, Legal & Culture

3 Public Health & Safety

4

5 Sustainability & Env

6

7 Time

8 Technical

9

10 Cost

Dekker (2000) proposed four different ways to achieve this:)

3. Distribution of Values Using Fixed Number of Points

• This approach distributes a limited amount of points among the parameters.

• It is up to the designer to decide how much importance is put on different

parameters, while considering the project specific demands.

Distribution of values using a fixed

number of points, from Dekker (2000). Here 100 points are distributed between

parameters A, B, C, D, E and F

Key Parameters Identifications 100%

A. Technical 25

B. Cost 30

C. Time 15

D. Sustainability & Env 15

E. Societal, Legal & Culture 7

F. Public Health & Safety 8

100

Dekker (2000) proposed 4 different ways

4. Objective Tree

• The most analytical approach, which provides more consistency.

• Here different levels of parameters are present and only small groups of

parameters are compared to each other. The relative weight of a parameter is related

to the relative weight of the group of parameters to which it belongs.

Objective tree, from Dekker (2000) General view of the objective tree

Choice of Methods

• The choice of method depends on the decision of the designers and is not influencing

substantially the final results. More important is to take into account that different

parameters have different importance for a certain project.

• For some cases quicker methods such as distribution of values using fixed number of

points or discursive ranking are suitable, while when detailed analysis – objective tree

and ranking matrix give better results.

According to Dekker (2000), the following factors may affect the choice of evaluation method:

• Available time for evaluation

• Required accuracy of the comparison

• Information available

• Complexity of the problem

• Preferences of the designer or the team of designers

Finally, it is very important to do an evaluation of the results subjectively and analyze the

winning alternative. The highest score does not necessarily mean the best option.

Overview of Demands for Building Projects

Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Six main areas were outlined by Engström

(2002) for buildings in general They are systemized below.

Life-cycle design philosophies have taken hold

resulting in nearly zero net waste and great

savings in energy consumed for waste disposal.

Virtually everything is recycled and re-used

Overview of Demands for Building Projects

Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Modified 9 main key areas were

outlined They are systemized below.

Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, UBBL, Sensitivity

M&E Services Loading , vibration, M&E floor envelope, opening in beams, floor, trenches etc

Technical Resistance • Loads • Actions Serviceability • Deflections, vibrations etc Guidelines Authorities Codes Clearance, protections

Safety & Public Health Erection Methods, Mosquito Control

3 6

5

9

8

4

2

1

3

7

CRITERIA INFRA / STRUCTURAL

Technical FeasibilityPO2a PO2b

Cost PO2a PO2b

Time PO2a PO2b

Societal Legal & Cultural PO6a

Public Health & Safety PO6b

Sustainability & Environment PO7

1.Project Management +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

2.Geotechnical +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

3.Water/Sewer/Environment +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

4. Highway and Drainage +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

5. STRUCTURES • Choice of

Materials +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

• Structural Systems

+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

• Construction Methods

+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix

PM & INFRA

Cost, time, technically feasible, environmental and sustainability to be substantiate with data.

Low/Medium/High

Layout Option 1 & Layout Option 2

Technical Feasibility PO2a PO2b

Cost PO2a PO2b

Time PO2a PO2b



Sustaina-bility & Env PO7

Project Manager

L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

Geotechnical L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

Water/Sewer/Env


Road & Drainage


Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix

Structures

Cost, time, technically feasible environmental and sustainability to be substantiate with data.

Low/Medium/High

Options based on the followings:

Technical Feasibility PO2a PO2b

Cost PO2a PO2b

Time PO2a PO2b



Sustaina-bility & Env PO7

• Material L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

• Construction Methods


• Structural Systems


Bukit Jalil Site : Location

Bukit Jalil Site Analysis– get details from Topographical Map, Geology Map, SI Reports, Site Visits and Meeting & Letters to relevant Authorities

SWAMP HILL

HILL

Contour in ft

1

2

FEDERAL TERRITORY

Contour in m

Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands – To propose 2 Layouts

Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time

Water Supply • Available Pressure

Head • Syabas Guideline • MWA Manual • Water demand • Network design concept • Tapping point • Max and residual

pressure • Elevated Water Tank ?

Geotechnical Earthwork Platform • Authorities guideline • Balance cut and fill • Lot boundary • Soil Profile • Rock level • Soft ground • Unsuitable Material

Slope • Ground water table • SI Design parameter

Factor of safety

Foundation • Loading • SI Design parameter • Shallow • Deep • Settlement • Bearing • Soil improvement

Project Management • Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project • Preliminary Costing • Bill of Quantities • Specifications • Condition of Contract • Project Conceptual Development

Highway • Arahan Teknik/REALM • Access Road • Gradient • Cut and balance earthwork • Lane & Kerb requirement • Traffic & Pavement requirement

Drainage • Qpre vs Qpost • On site detention • Flood level • Discharge point • Drainage on slope • Drainage culvert

Safety & Public Health • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal & Culture • Disabled user, • Law suit • Culture sensitivity

Environmental • Sustainability • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and

nature • Efficient use of

resources & materials • Temporary works • Environmental management

plan

Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related to

Earthwork Platform – Based on 2 Layouts

Project Manager Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time Water Supply

• Supply level/ Available Pressure Head

• Materials used • Water demand • Network design concept • Tapping point • Max and residual pressure • Sunction and storage tank • Pumping requirements • Type of valves used • Elevated Water Tank ? • River crossing ?

Geotechnical Earthwork Platform • Authorities guideline • Balance cut and fill • Lot boundary • Soil Profile • Rock level • Soft ground • Unsuitable Material

Slope • Ground water table • SI Design parameter

Factor of safety

Highway • Access Road • Gradient Requirements • Traffic Safety • Balance Cut and Fill with

general E/Works • Traffic flow and circulation • Lane design

Drainage • Qpre vs Qpost • On site detention • Lined or unlined channel • Types of material/drains • Flood level • Discharge point • Drainage on slope berm, cut off, cascade, energy dissipators, toe drain, catch pit etc • Drainage culvert Size,class,shape,construction types etc • Silt trap

Safety & Public Health (All) • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal & Culture • User friendly • Litigation Law suit • Culture sensitivity

Environmental & Sustainability (All) • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and


resources & materials • Temporary works • Environmental management

plan

Conceptual Toolbox for Structural Demands

Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time

STRUCTURE DEMANDS • Code of Practice

Choice of Materials • Steel • Concrete • Composite • Timber

Structural System Gravity System • Slab Systems • Beams Systems • Column /Wall System Lateral Load System • Bracing • Frame action • Shear Wall

Production & Construction Methods • Cast in situ • Prefabricated systems

Project Management • Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project • Preliminary Costing • Bill of Quantities • Specifications • Condition of Contract • Project Conceptual Development

Safety & Public Health • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal & Culture • Disabled user, • Law suit • Culture sensitivity

Environmental & Sustainability • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and


resources & materials • Temporary works • EMP • Formwork Requirements?

TO BE REVIEWED AT LATER STAGE • Service Life Design • Architectural Requirements • M&E Services • Value Engineering • Design Audit

Students are expected to spend about 9 hours a week on this course.

Week 2 to submit company profile and a business plan.

Submission of Conceptual & Preliminary report will be in week 7

Submission of the final written report and detailed design will be due in Week 14.

The Final Project Presentations will be organized in Week 13.

CONCEPTUAL TASK FOR INFRA & STRUCTURES

1.0 FIVE STEP METHODOLOGY

2.0 RANKING CRITERIA USED

3.0 CONCEPTUAL TOOLBOX BASED ON 6 KEY

PARAMETERS • Technical

Cost

Time

Sustainability and environment.

Societal, legal, culture,

Public health and safety

4.0 Preliminary Costing

5.0 Preliminary Calculation

6.0 Schematic Drawings

Assessment of the Preliminary Report & Conceptual Design will be based on the following:

A brief scene setting introduction to the context of the design

project. A clear statement of the project objectives and design

parameters Collection of information about the constraints and the

requirements to be embodied in the design solution To develop conceptual design of the capstone projects in

terms of cost, time, technical feasibility, environmental, sustainability , societal, legal, culture, public health and safety

requirements within the site constraints for the purpose of developing the most optimum solutions for the given civil engineering design project. This is the most critical elements for the conceptual capstone design project.

Proposing design solution based on the matrix ranking for the best infrastructure layout solutions, minimum cut and balance earthwork with the optimum foundation, structural optimization for the structural systems, material types and construction methods. Key plan, shapes, initial sizes etc of all design components with preliminary design calculations.

A project schedule in Gantt Chart form to provide an estimated timeline of the project deliverables and important milestones

Conceptual requirements on project initial cost estimate for Client’s budget requirements

Conceptual & Detailed Design: Each student shall develop and produced a

conceptual design based on cost, time, technical feasibility, sustainability societal, culture, public health and safety requirements and detailed final design report with complete Tender Documents for construction purposes and construction cost estimates for the integrated design project.

Students are required to conduct their own weekly technical meeting – with recorded minutes of meeting and maintain a design project blog/facebook/Whatapps, which will serve as a diary of activities and accomplishments involving the student which may help the instructors to monitor the overall progress.

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Entrepreneurship skills (PO12b) - Company Profile & Business Plan

(due in week 2) 5%

Conceptual Design Report Conceptual Design with cost estimate due in week 7 (PO2a&2b) 20%

Detailed Design Report &

Tender Documents

Detailed Design inclusive of Tender Documents & BQ

(due in week 14) (PO2a & PO2b) 35%

40%

Tender Drawings (due in week 14) ( PO2a and PO2b) 5%

Project Presentation,

Teamwork & Life Long

Learning (Rubrics

Assessment)

Societal , Legal & Cultural Week 7 & 14 ( PO6a) 2.5%

35%

Public Health & Safety Week 7 & 14 (PO6b) 2.5%

Environmental & Sustainability (PO7)

Week 7 – Preliminary (5%) Week 14 – Final (5%) 10%

Complex Oral & Writing Communication (PO9c) 5%

Life Long Learning (PO11) 2.5%

Project Management (PO12a) 2.5%

Teamwork 5%

TOTAL 100%