8/10/2019 Ces Tina

1/47

Uvod do ce stiny

Introduction to Czech Language

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

2/47

Indo-European languages

Slavic Germanic Romance Celtic Indo-Iranian

Eastern Southern

Czech

SlovakPolishUpper-SorbianLower-Sorbian

Russian

UkrainianBelorussian Macedonian

Bulgarian

SloveneSerbo-Croatian

Western

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

3/47

Czech alphabet

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

4/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

5/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Long vowels: A E I O U U Y

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

6/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Long vowels: A E I O U U Y

Softening vowel: E

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

7/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Long vowels: A E I O U U Y Softening vowel: E

Soft consonants: C D N R S T Z

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

8/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Long vowels: A E I O U U Y Softening vowel: E

Soft consonants: C D N R S T Z

Special digraph: CH (ordered between H and I)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

9/47

Czech alphabet Latin alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Long vowels: A E I O U U Y Softening vowel: E

Soft consonants: C D N R S T Z

Special digraph: CH (ordered between H and I)

Q and W used only in loanwords

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

10/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

11/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

12/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

13/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k I = Y, U = U, V = W

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

14/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k I = Y, U = U, V = W

C - blitz , G - gear, H - half, CH - loch , J - yellow, R - red

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

15/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k I = Y, U = U, V = W

C - blitz , G - gear, H - half, CH - loch , J - yellow, R - red

C - Czech, S - sh ift, Z - vis ion, N - Ni n o, D - ?, T - ?

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

16/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k I = Y, U = U, V = W

C - blitz , G - gear, H - half, CH - loch , J - yellow, R - red

C - Czech, S - sh ift, Z - vis ion, N - Ni n o, D - ?, T - ?R - nightmare

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

17/47

Pronunciation spelling is phonetic (read as you write)

stress on the rst syllable of a word

A - up, E - th e n, I - bit, O - ro ck, U - boo k I = Y, U = U, V = W

C - blitz , G - gear, H - half, CH - loch , J - yellow, R - red

C - Czech, S - sh ift, Z - vis ion, N - Ni n o, D - ?, T - ?R - nightmare

I and E make the preceding consonant softer:

DI, TI, NI

DI, TI,

NI,

DE, TE, NE DE, TE, NEBE, P E, VE BJE, PJE, VJEME MNE

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

18/47

Nouns

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

19/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

20/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptions

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

21/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptionsExample:

1. hrad - a castle

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

22/47

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

23/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptionsExample:

1. hrad - a castle

2. (u) hradu - near the castle3. (ke) hradu - towards the castle

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

24/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptionsExample:

1. hrad - a castle

2. (u) hradu - near the castle3. (ke) hradu - towards the castle

4. (vidm) hrad - I see a castle

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

25/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptionsExample:

1. hrad - a castle

2. (u) hradu - near the castle3. (ke) hradu - towards the castle

4. (vidm) hrad - I see a castle

5. hrade! - calling, adressing

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

26/47

Nouns three genders (as in German) - male, female, neutral

seven cases, several types of declension for each gender, many

exceptionsExample:

1. hrad - a castle

2. (u) hradu - near the castle3. (ke) hradu - towards the castle

4. (vidm) hrad - I see a castle

5. hrade! - calling, adressing6. (o) hradu - about a castle

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

27/47

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

28/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

29/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

30/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

verbs in past tense affected by the gender of the noun

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

31/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

verbs in past tense affected by the gender of the noun

different grammatical aspects expressed in one word by changingits structure

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

32/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

verbs in past tense affected by the gender of the noun

different grammatical aspects expressed in one word by changingits structurepujde s - you will go

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

33/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

verbs in past tense affected by the gender of the noun

different grammatical aspects expressed in one word by changingits structurepujde s - you will gonep ujde s? - will you not go?

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

34/47

Verbs subject to conjugation, many different classes (according to the

ending), many irregular verbs

Example: delat - to do

singular plural

1. d el am - I do 1. d el ame - we do

2. d el a s - you do 2. d el ate - you do

3. d el a - he/she/it does 3. d elaj - they do

verbs in past tense affected by the gender of the noun

different grammatical aspects expressed in one word by changingits structurepujde s - you will gonep ujde s? - will you not go?

no phrasal verbs, heavy use of prexes instead

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

35/47

Good news

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

36/47

Good news no articles (like a, the)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

37/47

Good news no articles (like a, the)

only three tenses (past, present and future)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

38/47

Good news no articles (like a, the)

only three tenses (past, present and future)

exible word order

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

39/47

Good news no articles (like a, the)

only three tenses (past, present and future)

exible word orderAlice gave Bob a book.

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

40/47

Good news no articles (like a, the)

only three tenses (past, present and future)

exible word orderAlice gave Bob a book.

Alice dala Bobovi knihu. Bobovi dala Alice knihu.

Alice knihu dala Bobovi. Bobovi knihu dala Alice.Alice Bobovi dala knihu. Bobovi Alice dala knihu.Knihu Alice dala Bobovi. Knihu Bobovi dala Alice.Alice Bobovi knihu dala. Bobovi Alice knihu dala.

Alice dala knihu Bobovi. Bobovi dala knihu Alice.Knihu dala Alice Bobovi. Knihu dala Bobovi Alice.Knihu Alice Bobovi dala. Knihu Bobovi Alice dala.Alice knihu Bobovi dala. Bobovi knihu Alice dala.

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

41/47

Some basic phrases

Hello Dobr y den (good day)

Good morning Dobr e r ano

Good evening Dobr y vecerGood night Dobrou noc

Hi, Bye Ahoj (informal)

Cau (very informal)

Good Bye Na shledanou

How are you? Jak se m a s? (informal)

Jak se m ate? (formal)

Please ProsmThank you D ekuji

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

42/47

Something for practicing

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

43/47

Something for practicing nejneobhospoda rovavateln ej smi (by the least cultivable)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

44/47

Something for practicing nejneobhospoda rovavateln ej smi (by the least cultivable)

scvrnkls (you ipped off)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

45/47

Something for practicing nejneobhospoda rovavateln ej smi (by the least cultivable)

scvrnkls (you ipped off)

Str c prst skrz krk. (Push a nger through the neck.)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

46/47

Something for practicing nejneobhospoda rovavateln ej smi (by the least cultivable)

scvrnkls (you ipped off)

Str c prst skrz krk. (Push a nger through the neck.) Tri sta t ricet t ri strbrn ych st rka cek st rkalo p res t ri sta t riat ricet t ri

st rbrn ych st rech.

(333 silver re-engines spouted over the 333 silver roofs.)

8/10/2019 Ces Tina

47/47

More about Czech language

www.czech-language.cz

www.locallingo.com

www.bohemica.com

www.slovnik.cz