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AMTA/AWWA © 1
Ceramic Membrane Pilot Testing on Lake Michigan
H. Shorney-Darby, G. Galjaard, J. Zheng, PWN Technologies, The NetherlandsR. Michaelson, P. Aumann
Manitowoc Public Utilities, Wisconsin, USA
AMTA/AWWA © 2
acknowledgements
• METAWATER, Japan• MPU staff• Rob Kooijman, PWNT• Harry Scheerman, PWNT
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background
• Manitowoc Public Utilities (MPU)– two membrane systems
• 11 mgd cartridge MF• 20 mgd submerged MF
– investigating ceramic membranes for future upgrade
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pilot plant
• METAWATER single element pilot– pre-sedimentation chamber– coagulation/flocculation– 25m2 ceramic microfilter (0.1 micron)– heated CIP
• November 2014 to January 2016– critical flux tests (uncoagulated)– coagulated trials– long-term testing
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modular pilot unit
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water source
• Lake Michigan– low turbidity– low DOC– low temperature
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water qualityParameter Units Raw Water Filtrate
Total aluminum mg/L <0.002 <0.002
Dissolved aluminum mg/L <0.002 __
Alkalinity mg/L 102 __
pH -- 8.2 __
turbidity NTU <1.0 __
TOC mg/L 1.87 __
DOC mg/L 1.74 __
Total iron mg/L <0.020 __
Total manganese mg/L <0.002 __
Date of sampling: 13-10-2015; Time of sampling: 10:30; Water temperature during sampling: 9.6 Celsius; Pilot coagulant dose: 20 ppm (13.64 ml/min ); Pilot flux 175 lmh or 104 gfd; Timing of sample in BW-EBW cycle: 17/8-1
AMTA/AWWA © 8
LC-OCD analysis (example)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
0 20 40 60 80 100retention time (minute)
OCD
UVD
signal (-)
biopolymers
humics building blocks
LMW acids and HS
neutrals
AMTA/AWWA © 9
LC-OCD comparisonOCD detector signal (-)
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flow diagram
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turbidity (NTU)
TMP
turbidity
TMP (10 °C)
(kPa)(psi)36
29
22
15
7
0
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 12
turbidity (NTU)
turbidity
TMP
TMP (10 °C)(psi)36
29
22
7
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 13
Run 9Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 17.1 minutesNo. BWs until an EBW: 19coagulant dosage: none
TMP
turbidity
turbidity (NTU)TMP (10 °C)
(kPa)(psi)36
29
22
15
7
0
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 14
Run 12Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 15coagulant dosage: 10 or 20 ppm as product
10 ppm coagulant dosagefouling rate: 0.52 psi/d (3.6 kPa/d)
20 ppm coagulant dosagefouling rate: -0.23 psi/d (-1.6 kPa/d)
TMP (10 °C)(psi)36
29
22
7
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 15
Run 13Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 15coagulant dosage: 20 ppm as product
TMP (10 °C)(psi)36
29
22
7
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 16
Run 14Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 23coagulant dosage: 15 ppm as product
15 ppm dosagefouling rate 0.17 psi/d(1.2 kPa/day)
under-dosed
15 ppm dosagefouling rate 0.15 psi/d(1.0 kPa/d)
hypo dosing pump air bound?
TMP (10 °C)(psi)36
29
22
7
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 17
coagulant dosage (mg/L as product)
fouling rate(psi/d)
0.15
0.43
0
(kPa/d)
0.29
0.58
fouling rate comparison
AMTA/AWWA © 18
not able to maintain 103 gfd (175 lmh)
TMP (10 °C)(psi)58
44
29
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
pH sensor caked, mixing shaft not fixed, so inadequate mixing
AMTA/AWWA © 19
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 20
Run 16Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 20 ppm as product
TMP (10 °C)(psi)
36
29
22
7
0
(kPa)
15
TMP profile
AMTA/AWWA © 21
TMP profile
TMP (10 °C)
Run 17flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7
(psi)
15
12
9
3
0
(kPa)
6
AMTA/AWWA © 22
TMP profile
TMP (10 °C)
Run 17flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7
(psi)
15
12
9
3
0
(kPa)
6
AMTA/AWWA © 23
TMP profile
Run 17aflux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7
TMP (50 °F / 10 °C )
psi kPa
36
29
22
15
7
0
fouling rate 0.014 psi/day or 0.1 kPa/day
AMTA/AWWA © 24
TMP profile
Run 17bflux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 40 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 12coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7
TMP (50 °F / 10 °C )
psi kPa
36
29
22
15
7
0
fouling rate -0.03 psi/day or -0.2 kPa/day
AMTA/AWWA © 25
LabSample
DateTime of sample
Water temp (oC)
pH
Total Aluminum (mg/L) (unfiltered)
Raw CeraMac Feed Filtrate
Eurofins 29 - 10 14:20 9.9 7.06 -- 1.5 0.07
Eurofins 29 - 10 14:42 9.9 7.04 -- 1.5 0.07
Eurofins 29 - 10 15:05 9.9 7.09 -- 1.4 0.067
Eurofins 29 - 10 15:30 9.9 7.11 -- 1.4 0.058
Eurofins 29-10 15:55 9.9 7.12 -- 1.4 0.052
Note: 10 mg/L coagulant
aluminum results
AMTA/AWWA © 26
UVT (percent)
UVT comparison
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fouling rate (10 °C )
run number
5.8
7.3
0
(kPa/d)8.7
(psi/d)
4.4
2.9
1.5
fouling rate
AMTA/AWWA © 28
Initial run specific flux (10 °C)
run number
(Lmh/bar)(gfd/psi)
36.6
48.8
0
61.0
24.4
12.2
initial specific flux
AMTA/AWWA © 29
pilot findings
• membrane performance improved with pre-coagulation
• stable operation at 104 gfd (175 lmh)– coagulant at 10 mg/L– CIP interval >> 45 days– BW interval = 22 minutes (testing 40 min)– EBWs after 17 BWs (testing 12 BWs)
• in-line coagulation with good mixing and pH 7 for Sumalchlor 50
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pilot findings
• EBW with NaOCl at 100 mg/L• EBW at pH < 3 with H2SO4
• avg TMP = 3.6 psi (24.7 kPa) at 10oC• organics – low, but present as biopolymers
and humics which contribute to fouling
AMTA/AWWA © 31
Questions