Centrosome Location : Near the nucleus

Function : To organize microtubules for cell division and to create microtubules to make the cytoskeleton.

In cell division, the centrioles replicate and the Centrosome divides to create two separate centrosomes. The two centrosomes move to an opposite side of the nucleus and each of their microtubules become “spindles” and separate the chromosomes which will turn into another cell.

- A organelle that contain digestive enzymes. It digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Lysosomes are like the stomach of the cell.

Lysosomes are surrounded by a membrane composed of phospholipids that separate the inside of the lysosomes from the membrane's external environment. Phospholipids are the same cellular molecules that make up the cell membrane surrounding the entire cell.

The lysosomes are the garbage disposals of the cell. When a part of a cell becomes damaged or obsolete, it is moved to the outer edge of the lysosome. The membrane of the lysosome opens, and the molecule is moved into the lysosome. Once inside, the digestive enzymes produced by the lysosome break down the molecule. After it is has been completely broken down, the lysosome opens to release the remains back into the cell in the form of a vesicle that the cell can expel through its membrane.

CYTOSOL

The major components in cytosol are concentration gradients, protein complexes, and protein compartments

The vital composition of cytosol comprises of a lot of water, dissolved ions, large water soluble molecules, smaller minute molecules and proteins.

In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures)

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Structure/location:

• The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. It is made of lipids.

Function:

• The cell membrane helps to support the cell and helps maintain its shape.

• It protects the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping other substances out.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cytoplasm Structure/Location:• present within the cell

membrane

• Made up of mostly salt and water

• contains all organelles and cell parts.

Function:• contains molecules such as

enzymes that are responsible for breaking down waste and also help in metabolic activity.

• Cytoplasm gives the cell its shape and fills out the cell to keep the cells in their place.

Microtubules

Micro and Intermediate Filaments The cytoskeleton is a network of

protein filaments (Microtubules, and Micro/Intermediate Filaments) found throughout the cell. And whose primary purpose is to maintain cell shape with a secondary role in cell motility (spontaneous and active movement)

Microvilli

• Tiny hair like folds in the plasma membrane that extend from the surface of many absorptive and secretory cells

• Located at the end of the cell next to the plasma membrane.

Nuclear Membrane• Location: Surrounds the nucleus

• Structure: A nuclear envelope is made up of two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.

• Function: The nuclear membrane/envelope keeps your DNA inside the nucleus to protect it from surrounding substances in the cytoplasm. It can regulate what materials enter or exit the nucleus.

NucleusKat Reid

A nucleus is a rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, located in the center of the cytoplasm. Its structure is the nuclear

envelope, as well as nucleoplasm, nucleolus and genetic material. Its function is to contain and maintain genetic material and DNA.

Ribosomes

The ribosome functions as the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the

cell. They connect one amino acid at a time and build a long chain. Ribosomes are in both

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes are comprised of two parts: a large subunit and a small

subunit.

You can find ribosomes floating in the cytosol. You can find other ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum

Joey Klouda

Smooth and RoughEndoplasmic reticulum

• Cells specializing in the production of proteins will tend to have a larger amount of rough ER whilst cells producing lipids (fats) and steroid hormones will have a greater amount of smooth ER

• The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Mitochondria Tyler Maczko 3rd period

• Structure:The size of bacteria but can

differ depending on the cell. Made of two organelles. The inner membrane is convoluted.

• LocationLocated in the cytoplasm of the

cellCan be multiple mitochondria in

one cell

• Function:Provides the a cells needs to

move, divide, produce secretory products and contract

The cristae forms food and greatly increases the inner membranes surface

The food is combined with oxygen to produce ATP

Vacuole• Vacuoles are found in animal and plant cells but are much larger in

plant cells • Vacuoles store food or any vary of nutrients a cell might need to

survive. • They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected

from contamination. • Storage bubbles

LysosomeThe lysosome is a spherical vesicle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and it producespro enzymes enclosed in the membrane that breaks down waste materials, and disposes of them.

Nucleus-Largest of the membrane-bound organelles-Contains the genetic information of the cell-The control center that’s located at the center of the atom.-Contains protons and neutrons.-Where most of the mass is at-Here, the DNA in the chromosomes is duplicated prior to cell division & where the RNAs are synthesized.-Command center of a eukaryotic cell

Chromosomes

• Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which means they carry all the information that help a cell grow, survive, and reproduce.

• The chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.

• Chromosomes are packed by proteins to form chromatin Then the chromosomes are replicated, divided and passed on to the daughter cells to ensure genetic diversity.

• Chromosomes are passed from parents to offspring.

Cell membrane

• Structure/location: enclosed in a membrane, layer of phospholipids

• Function: acts as a protective barrier to the uncontrolled flow of water

Nucleolus

• The nucleolus is a round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

• It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus. • The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal

RNA, also known as rRNA.

Centrioles

• It is a cylindrical cell composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.

• It occurs in pairs and is involved in developing spindle fibers in cell division.

• Located near the nucleus.

Chromatin:

Chromatin is a macromolecule made of DNA, RNA, and Protein, located inside the nucleus. The functions of chromatin include packing DNA into a form that’ll better fit in the cell, and to protect DNA from damage