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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Benjamin Mitten
Lighting/ElectricalSpring 2005
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Architectural Engineering
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
LocationLocationCenter for the ArtsCenter for the Arts
Towson UniversityTowson University
7815 Osler Drive7815 Osler Drive
Towson, MD 21252Towson, MD 21252
Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
General InformationGeneral Information
- Renovation of Existing Building- Renovation of Existing Building- 122,000 sf addition onto the existing 166,000 sf building.- 122,000 sf addition onto the existing 166,000 sf building.
- Total project budget of $42 million- Total project budget of $42 million
- Major Project Team- Major Project Team
--Owner: Towson UniversityOwner: Towson University
-Architects: Design Collective, Inc.-Architects: Design Collective, Inc.
Wilson Butler LodgeWilson Butler Lodge
- Construction Manager: Gilbane- Construction Manager: Gilbane
- MEP: Mueller Associates, Inc.- MEP: Mueller Associates, Inc.
- - Structural: Delon Hampton & Assoc.Structural: Delon Hampton & Assoc.
- Occupants of the Building- Occupants of the Building- Dance Program- Dance Program
- Art Program- Art Program
- Music Program- Music Program
- Theatre Program- Theatre Program
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Building LayoutBuilding Layout
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Paint Paint StudioStudio
IntroIntro Paint StudioPaint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
Paint StudioPaint StudioLocation: 4Location: 4thth Floor of the North-East Section of the building. Floor of the North-East Section of the building.
Space Characteristics:Space Characteristics:- Approximately 2100 sf.- Approximately 2100 sf.- North wall consists of a glazed curtain wall- North wall consists of a glazed curtain wall- Exposed ceiling at a height of 14’-6”- Exposed ceiling at a height of 14’-6”- Floor Easels in the space- Floor Easels in the space
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Paint StudioPaint Studio
TasksTasks
- Painting- Objects, Figures, Human Figures, etc.- Painting- Objects, Figures, Human Figures, etc.
- Pin- ups/ Presentations- Pin- ups/ Presentations
- Film Presentations- Film Presentations
Design CriteriaDesign Criteria
- Provide light for correct color appearance and - Provide light for correct color appearance and contrastcontrast
- Lighting for facial modeling and objects- Lighting for facial modeling and objects
- Distribution of light on easels- Distribution of light on easels
- Illuminance of 50 fc horizontally and 30 fc - Illuminance of 50 fc horizontally and 30 fc verticallyvertically
- Achieve a clear appearance- Achieve a clear appearance
- Power Density of 1.2 Watts/SF- Power Density of 1.2 Watts/SF
IntroIntro Paint StudioPaint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Paint StudioPaint Studio
SolutionSolution
54 Watt Indirect Fluorescent Pendent Fixture with 54 Watt Indirect Fluorescent Pendent Fixture with electrical electrical track on underside track on underside
90 Watt Spot light on track90 Watt Spot light on track
IntroIntro Paint StudioPaint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Paint StudioPaint Studio
The power density is above the recommended ASHRAE/IES The power density is above the recommended ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 value of 1.2 Watts/ Square Foot. Redesigning Standard 90.1 value of 1.2 Watts/ Square Foot. Redesigning would be necessary to reduce this in the space.would be necessary to reduce this in the space.
IntroIntro Paint StudioPaint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
Power Density Calculation
Luminaire Type # of Luminaires Input Watts/Fixture Total Watts
A 41 61 2501
B 7 90 630
Square Feet of Room 2100
Power Density (W/sf) 1.49
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005IntroIntro Paint StudioPaint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Lobby Controls Mechanical
Conclusion Conclusion
Paint StudioPaint Studio
RenderingsRenderings
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
ConclusionConclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
LobbyLobby
LobbyLobbyLocation: 3Location: 3rdrd Floor, center of the building Floor, center of the building
Space Characteristics:Space Characteristics:- Approximately 4800 sf.- Approximately 4800 sf.- Cantilevered awnings over the entrances - Cantilevered awnings over the entrances of four major spaces; of four major spaces; Concert Hall, Main Stage Concert Hall, Main Stage Theatre, Recital Hall, Studio TheatreTheatre, Recital Hall, Studio Theatre- Finished Stone Floor- Finished Stone Floor
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
LobbyLobby
TasksTasks
- Circulation space – provides access to the Concert Hall, - Circulation space – provides access to the Concert Hall, Recital Recital Hall, Main Stage Theatre, and the Studio Theatre. It also Hall, Main Stage Theatre, and the Studio Theatre. It also
services the corridors to areas such as the Fine Arts Box services the corridors to areas such as the Fine Arts Box Office and Painting GalleriesOffice and Painting Galleries
- Social Gathering- Social Gathering
- Reading- Reading
Design CriteriaDesign Criteria
- Most important space in the building- Most important space in the building
- Provide a visibly pleasing atmosphere- Provide a visibly pleasing atmosphere
- Achieve a relaxed, spacious, and public appearance- Achieve a relaxed, spacious, and public appearance
- Draw people towards areas of interest- Draw people towards areas of interest
- Power Density of 1.6 Watts/ SF- Power Density of 1.6 Watts/ SF
IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
LobbyLobby
SolutionSolution
32 Watt Fluorescent Strip light for cove lighting32 Watt Fluorescent Strip light for cove lighting
42 Watt Compact Fluorescent Downlight42 Watt Compact Fluorescent Downlight
18 Watt Compact Fluorescent Downlight18 Watt Compact Fluorescent Downlight
Neon Light Tubes for accentNeon Light Tubes for accent
Provide different “scenes” for different eventsProvide different “scenes” for different events
IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
LobbyLobby
The power density is below the recommended ASHRAE/IES The power density is below the recommended ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 value of 1.6 Watts/ Square Foot.Standard 90.1 value of 1.6 Watts/ Square Foot.
Power Density Calculation
Luminaire Type # of Luminaires Watts/Fixture Total Watts
A 54 34 1836
B 81 42 3402
C 57 18 1026
D 4 8.31 33.24
Square Feet of Room 4800
Power Density (W/sf) 1.31
IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
LobbyLobby
RenderingsRenderings
IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
Concert Hall SceneConcert Hall SceneMain Stage Theatre SceneMain Stage Theatre SceneRecital Hall SceneRecital Hall SceneStudio Theatre SceneStudio Theatre Scene
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005IntroIntro Paint Studio Paint Studio LobbyLobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Controls Mechanical Conclusion
LobbyLobby
Other scenes providedOther scenes provided
- Egress scene- Egress scene
IES Illumination RecommendationsIES Illumination Recommendations
Lobby – 10 footcandlesLobby – 10 footcandles
Illuminance values for scenesIlluminance values for scenes
Egress scene- 9.9 fc Egress scene- 9.9 fc OKOK
All other scenes- all were around 28 fc All other scenes- all were around 28 fc OKOK
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
ConclusionConclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControlsMost of the energy consumption in a commercial building comes from Most of the energy consumption in a commercial building comes from lighting.lighting.
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
Analyze an advanced digital control system on the 3Analyze an advanced digital control system on the 3rdrd floor of floor of the the buildingbuilding
Assumptions made in-order to perform the analysisAssumptions made in-order to perform the analysis
- System will examine the Linear Fluorescent Fixtures - System will examine the Linear Fluorescent Fixtures onlyonly
- The system will cause a 10% reduction in lighting - The system will cause a 10% reduction in lighting energy energy (expected to be more than assumed value) (expected to be more than assumed value)
- Compact Fluorescent fixtures will be connected to the - Compact Fluorescent fixtures will be connected to the system at a later time ( CF ballasts are not compatible system at a later time ( CF ballasts are not compatible
at this at this time) time)
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
Type of controls used in spacesType of controls used in spaces
- - Photocells (Daylight Control)Photocells (Daylight Control)
- Automated Occupant Control- Automated Occupant Control
- Occupancy Sensors (Manual Dimming and Shut-off)- Occupancy Sensors (Manual Dimming and Shut-off)
- Single Standard Switch (with indicating light)- Single Standard Switch (with indicating light)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Daylight Harvesting Automated Occupant
Control
Manual Dimming No Control Single Switch Special Control
Controls In Percentage of Total Rooms on 3rd Floor
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
Use of the systemUse of the system
- Up to 64 Ballasts on a power supply- Up to 64 Ballasts on a power supply
- Each ballast is digitally programmed to - Each ballast is digitally programmed to respond/”speak” to respond/”speak” to certain control sensors. Photocells, certain control sensors. Photocells, etc.etc.
- Reprogramming an entire floor is easy and does not - Reprogramming an entire floor is easy and does not need to need to be rewired. (Extremely practical for open office use be rewired. (Extremely practical for open office use where where reconfiguration of the space may occur) reconfiguration of the space may occur)
- Each ballast in the power supply loop can respond to - Each ballast in the power supply loop can respond to any any sensor in the loop sensor in the loop
- Easily reprogrammable- Easily reprogrammable
- Sensors simply plug into ballasts- Sensors simply plug into ballasts
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
Connection Connection from direct from direct componentscomponents
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
Control Loop CircuitsControl Loop Circuits
- 27 control - 27 control loopsloops
- exclusion of - exclusion of
Lobby, Concert Lobby, Concert Hall, Recital Hall, Recital
Hall, Hall, Main Stage Main Stage
Theatre, and Main Theatre, and Main Studio Studio
Theatre.Theatre.
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
The initial cost savings of the advanced system is approximately $29,000The initial cost savings of the advanced system is approximately $29,000
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
1 Lamp Ballasts 2 Lamp Ballast 3 Lamp BallastsOccupancy
SensorsIR & Personal
ControlBudget
CostTotal Cost
Quantit
y CostQuantit
y CostQuantit
y CostQuantit
y CostQuantit
y Cost
RegularSystem 200 $99 839 $99 657 $139 42 $120 91
$53.30 - $204,074
AdvanceSystem - - - - - - - - - -
$175,200 $175,200
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
Cost analysis for 10% energy reduction.Cost analysis for 10% energy reduction.
Analysis is for the MOST EXTREME CASE with the lights on, 18 hours a Analysis is for the MOST EXTREME CASE with the lights on, 18 hours a day, 7 days a week, 52 weeks a year.day, 7 days a week, 52 weeks a year.
Cost savings per year is approximately $5,000.Cost savings per year is approximately $5,000.- Cost savings will increase if the system is implemented - Cost savings will increase if the system is implemented
throughout the entire buildingthroughout the entire building- Cost difference decreases as hours, days and weeks are - Cost difference decreases as hours, days and weeks are
reduced.reduced.
Total KW
UsedCost Per
Hour Hours/Day Days/Week Weeks/Year Cost Per Year
Full Watt Output of the System 124 $8.66 18 7 52 $56,736
10% Reduction in Energy Consumption 111 $7.79 18 7 52 $51,062
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
ControlsControls
Major AdvantagesMajor Advantages
- easy ballast replacement and no reprogramming- easy ballast replacement and no reprogramming
- easy installation and connection of sensors- easy installation and connection of sensors
- sensors are easily added as needed- sensors are easily added as needed
- extreme savings in the initial cost as well as annual - extreme savings in the initial cost as well as annual savingssavings
- gives control of individual spaces to users if desired - gives control of individual spaces to users if desired which which improves comfort and in-turn increases improves comfort and in-turn increases productivenessproductiveness
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Paint Studio Lobby ControlsControls Mechanical Conclusion Mechanical Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
ConclusionConclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
MechanicalMechanicalAddition of a Heat Recovery Unit on a 100% OA existing air handling unit.Addition of a Heat Recovery Unit on a 100% OA existing air handling unit.
The Enthalpy Wheel Efficiency for this analysis is assumed to be The Enthalpy Wheel Efficiency for this analysis is assumed to be
80 %80 %
The indoor and outdoor air conditions for Baltimore Maryland are shown The indoor and outdoor air conditions for Baltimore Maryland are shown in the tables below.in the tables below.
Outdoor Air Conditions for Baltimore MD.
Temp (Dry Bulb)
Temp (Wet Bulb) Enthalpy Density
ºF ºF btu/lb lb/ft^3
93 75 38.41 0.07
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Paint Studio Lobby Controls MechanicalMechanical Conclusion Conclusion
Indoor Air Conditions
Temp Enthalpy Humidity Ratio Density
ºF btu/lb gr/lb lb/ft^3
75 28.14 64.89 0.073
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
MechanicalMechanicalThe exhaust air for heat recovery is not constant air volume so a maximum and The exhaust air for heat recovery is not constant air volume so a maximum and minimum amount of recoverable heat is determined off of cross flow ratios. The minimum amount of recoverable heat is determined off of cross flow ratios. The Maximum cross flow was determined to be 48,000 cfm. The minimum cross flow was Maximum cross flow was determined to be 48,000 cfm. The minimum cross flow was determined to be 15,500 cfm.determined to be 15,500 cfm.
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Paint Studio Lobby Controls MechanicalMechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
MechanicalMechanical
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Paint Studio Lobby Controls MechanicalMechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
MechanicalMechanicalThe design for the new AHU will be designed for 15,500 cfm. The table below The design for the new AHU will be designed for 15,500 cfm. The table below shows the Coil Load reduction and the reduction of energy. The reduction of the shows the Coil Load reduction and the reduction of energy. The reduction of the coil is approximately 16%. coil is approximately 16%.
Coil Analysis
Supply Air Enthalpy
Coil Load (max)
Coil Load (Min)
Coil Load (no recovery)
btu/lb Tons Tons Tons
22.00 231.12 34.51 275.69
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Paint Studio Lobby Controls MechanicalMechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction To The BuildingIntroduction To The Building
Lighting DepthLighting Depth
- Paint Studio- Paint Studio
- Lobby- Lobby
Controls DepthControls Depth
Mechanical BreadthMechanical Breadth
ConclusionConclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
RecommendationsRecommendations
- The lighting design in the Paint Studio should be redesigned - The lighting design in the Paint Studio should be redesigned to meet the Power Density requirementsto meet the Power Density requirements
- The lighting design in the lobby parallels the design criteria- The lighting design in the lobby parallels the design criteria
- The advanced control system should be implemented - The advanced control system should be implemented through out the whole buildingthrough out the whole building
- An energy wheel should be added to the existing AHU to - An energy wheel should be added to the existing AHU to reduce coil size and save energyreduce coil size and save energy
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
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Benjamin Mitten Benjamin Mitten Spring 2005Spring 2005
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
AE Department and FacultyAE Department and Faculty
TA EngineeringTA Engineering
Alan ZemlaAlan Zemla
Jim MooreJim Moore
Mueller Associates, Inc.Mueller Associates, Inc.
Todd Garing and Ken RockTodd Garing and Ken Rock
Towson UniversityTowson University
Dennis BohlayerDennis Bohlayer
Lutron Electronic Company, Inc.Lutron Electronic Company, Inc.
Family and FriendsFamily and Friends
IntroIntro Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Paint Studio Lobby Controls Mechanical Conclusion Conclusion
Questions?Questions?