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Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology

University of California, Berkeley

Technical Brief

Smart Home & The Internet of Things

Engineering Leadership Professional Program

Revision Date: April 5, 2015

David Cohen, Saeid Safavi, Hazel Stoiber, Ron Totah, Long Wang This paper was created in an open classroom environment as part of the Engineering Leadership Professional Program (ELPP) developed and led by Prof. Ikhlaq Sidhu at UC Berkeley. There should be no proprietary information contained in this paper. No information contained in this paper is intended to affect or influence public relations with any firm affiliated with any of the authors. The views represented are those of the authors alone and do not reflect those of the University of California Berkeley.

University of California, Berkeley Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology

CET Technical Brief Smart Home & The Internet of Things

ABSTRACT Smart homes and home automation (HA) technologies have been around for the past 30 years. Some technologies like the garage door opener and the TV remote have seen wide scale adoption. More advanced technologies have been limited to the very affluent or extreme technophiles. Up to 2010, technologies such as turning on your home’s air conditioner while leaving work or monitoring a home security camera video feed while on vacation were not things the average home owner would even think was possible let alone affordable. Lack of technology readiness and standardization for building a smart home automation eco-system and the high cost of installation have dampened growth and adoption. The value of convenience and comfort functions versus cost could not be justified by mainstream home owners. Today there is a confluence of technologies that should enable a much broader adoption of home automation and could lead to a truly smart home. Wireless technology is proven and approaching commoditization; smart cell phones are ubiquitous and are an ideal controller; cloud-based services for easy data capture and access; artificial intelligence is approaching commercialization; and the cost of developing and deploying an “app” has been greatly reduced. In addition to these technologies coming into alignment, there is a desire on behalf of the consumer to have a smart home. For example, surveys have shown that consumers want a home that can better manage utilities, can offer better security, and can be accessed in a secure way over the Internet. The time is becoming right for the home to undergo the Internet of Things (IoT) transition. Worldwide revenues from shipments of home automation systems are forecast to grow from $2.3 billion in 2010 to nearly $9.5 billion in 2015. This growth will come in the various home automation categories that will be discussed in this report. The home automation industry is also a growth driver for cellular devices and services. Berg Insight forecasts that the number of cellular connections used by home automation systems worldwide will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 85.6 percent from 250,000 in 2010 to 5.5 million in 2015, with most being security and access control systems. i In the end the driving down of costs, increased availability, and intelligence will eventually overcome the hurdles of perceived value and complexity leading to broad adoption of not just smart devices, but integrated systems that deliver the promises of a truly Smart Home.


CET Technical Brief Smart Home & The Internet of Things

Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 2 I. Introduction: Smart Home & The Internet of Things ....................................... 1 II. Current Landscape ............................................................................................ 2 III. Smart Home Technology .................................................................................. 4 IV. Network ............................................................................................................. 6 V. Internet of things could be cloud of things ....................................................... 8 VI. IoT technology challenges ................................................................................ 9 VII. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 10 VIII. References ....................................................................................................... 13

Figure 1 Smart Home Interest on the Internet ........................................................................... 1 Figure 2 Gartner Hype Curve .............................................................................................................. 2 Figure 3 Smart Home Tech -‐ Like to have & % already own ................................................. 2 Figure 4 Nest Thermostat .................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 5 SimpliSafe IoT Home Security .......................................................................................... 3 Figure 6 Quirky Egg Minder ................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 7 Various Elements in a Smart Home ............................................................................... 4 Figure 8 Physical Connectivity Enablers in a Smart Home .................................................... 7 Figure 9 Key Networking Technologies ......................................................................................... 8 Figure 10 Global Smart Home Device Shipments ..................................................................... 11

CET Technical Brief Smart Home & The Internet of Things 1

I. INTRODUCTION: SMART HOME & THE INTERNET OF THINGS Consumers desire products which deliver convenience and value, especially in their homes. In 60’s Americans were realizing the convenience of the TV remote control, and watched the potential of a truly smart home on the animated series “The Jetson’s.” Unfortunately the dream of a “Smart Home” has still not been fully realized, unless you are Bill Gates and can spend millions of dollars to create the custom Smart Home experience. The rest of the consumer market will have to wait for a more general purpose solution which can deliver the value of a Smart Home at a price point that in line with this value. The consumer interest is clearly high per a

recent IOT Analytics report, where it ranked #1 in consumer interest by far, even over wearablesii. Consumers desire products like HVAC control, lights, locks and appliances to all be internet connected. This is fueled by “The Internet of Things”, or IoT, which is the growing paradigm where everyday devices are becoming smart and Internet connected.

IDC predicts that this trend will continue and by 2020 there will be over 212 billion “things” globally, more than 40 times the number of people on the planet! iii The result of IoT in the home is an increase in the number smart devices and appliances in the home at a reasonable price point. However it is tying these IoT devices together in a complete system which will deliver on the promise a truly Smart Home. A Smart Home system will ensure the devices coordinate functions of access to your home, turning on lights, making your morning coffee, turn up the heat, playing your favorite music, etc… and respond to your needs. Market Size

Figure 1 Smart Home Interest on the Internet



The size of the Smart Home market is challenging to determine, as it depends on what level of devices you include, the IoT devices themselves, the control systems, applications, etc… However the clear indication is that it is a rapidly growing market. For example, Business Insider predicts that IoT will drive $14 TRILLION in revenue over the next

decadeiv, and although some of this will not be devices in the home, we can guess that at least half of it will be. A better way to look at the market potential may be number of units, where Business Insider estimates the number of Connected-‐Home devices may exceed 1.8B by 2019v. The value of this is hard to predict as the cost per device can vary, but clearly this is a huge market in the tens of billions, and a high growth opportunity with CAGR over 50%. Of course all of this excitement needs to be balanced with the hype that happens with any new technology. Gartner, who tracks technology through their adoption cycle, places IoT at the top of the “Hype Curve”, where technology is at the peak of inflated expectations, before falling to disillusionment and potentially towards adoption. For our team, the question is not so much “if” Smart Home will happen, it’s “when”.

II. CURRENT LANDSCAPE IoT Categories While true Smart Home adoption today is the playground of wealthier consumers who are early adopters of new technology, consumers are definitely interested in integrating such capabilities into their homes. Figure 1 shows that Smart Home applications are the leading category for Internet of Things. Within the Smart Home categories, there are many types of devices already available today. Figure 3 shows the results of a survey indicating the kinds of technologies that consumers would like to have in their homes.vi Each of these

Figure 2 Gartner Hype Curve

Figure 3 Smart Home Tech -‐ Like to have & % already own



technologies already have experienced a level of penetration in the market. The categories with the highest penetration are programmable thermostats, wireless home security systems, home theater systems, and multi-zone HVAC systems. Smart Home Products For illustration purposes, here are three companies with sizeable market penetration that specialize in smart, internet-enabled devices for the home consumer. Nest makes two products. The most popular is the Nest Thermostat, which learns the home’s schedule, programs itself, and can be controlled from a smart phone. Nest Protect is a smoke and carbon monoxide detector. When an incident is detected, the device pinpoints its location and sends a message to a linked phone. By 2013, Nest had robust sales, moving 40,000-50,000 thermostats per month. Estimates in 2014 were that Nest was up to 100,000 units per month. Therefore, Nest was on track for over $300 million in annual revenue when it was acquired by Google, for 10 times revenue ($3.2 billion). For Google, this was more than a technology acquisition. It was a foray into building a suite of connected devices to help complement Google’s software and services. vii SimpliSafe Home Security Systems manufacture a do-it-yourself, expandable, internet connected security system. The system can be customized from among it’s variety of sensors, which includes motion sensors, window break sensors, water sensors, freeze sensors, entry sensors, and others. The system communicates with smart phones for easy monitoring. For example, a homeowner can be alerted by text when visitors enter the home, cabinets are opened, or certain rooms have been entered. There is also the option

to pay $15 per month for professional remote monitoring that interfaces with local law enforcement. A basic system starts at $230 and includes motion and entry sensors. Total sales have grown from $1.4 million in 2010 to $38.4 million in 2013. In 2014, SimpliSafe raised $57 in additional venture capital to facilitate further growth.viii

A very interesting Smart Home supplier is a company called Quirky. They take product ideas from the public and turn the best ideas into real products through a partnership with GE manufacturing. Over 400 products have been developed to date, and Quirky divides revenue with the inventors with a 90/10 split. GE invested $30 million in Quirky to experiment

Figure 4 Nest Thermostat

Figure 5 -‐ SimpliSafe IoT Home Security

Figure 6 -‐ Quirky Egg Minder



with faster manufacturing practices. Products on the market include connected LED light bulbs with a control hub, a wall outlet with an energy monitor, a smart window air conditioning unit, and Egg Minder. Egg Minder allows consumers to use their smart phone to monitor how many eggs they have left and keep track of the age of each egg. The egg minder is an excellent example of where the benefit is not near the value of the product at the $50 list price. All Quirky products interface with a single smart phone app called Wink. ix

III. SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY Technical Elements of Smart Home Automation To assess the readiness of IoT Smart Home Automation for wide adoption by mainstream households today and by 2020, it is important to understand the basic requirements of building a smart home. To start with, sensors are scattered around the home to collect data. The home automation controller (or home hub) receives this data, processes it, and then makes decisions. The controller may autonomously act on the data and give instructions to actuators, switches or motors. The controller may also send out a notification to the home owner and wait for their reply, or request another controller (or cloud) to make a decision. The controller also needs software, as does the user interface running on the owner’s smart phone. Software also drives the artificial intelligence in which the devices adapt to user behavior. Wireless technology is required to connect all the home

automation devices to the controller through the wireless router or gateway to the internet. Cloud servers and cloud storage are also essential, particularly when remote access is needed. Figure 7 shows how the various Smart Home elements interact with each other and with remote devices through the cloud. Business Landscape We have grouped the he Smart Home IoT businesses into five categories. In this section, we will describe some of the players in each of these categories, however there are many players in this growth market and more appearing every day. Makers of IoT Devices With an increased focus on standardization and interoperability of smart devices and eco-system, and with the cost of hardware modules, chipsets and software needed for

Figure 7 Various Elements in a Smart Home



manufacturing IoT devices trending down, manufacturing companies like LIFX, GE, Philips, Lutron, Honeywell, Leviton, Cree, Kidde, Chamberlain, and Kwikset are integrating wireless smart devices and solutions into their product lines. These companies offer either discrete smart devices, standalone automation, or home automation through their partners for centralized control of lighting, thermostat and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), door locks, sprinkler systems, alarms, and video monitoring systems. In 2014, there were more than 2 million internet connected LED lightsx deployed and by 2020 estimates are there will be over 100 million worldwide.xi IoT Software Providers Software companies such as WeMO, Mformation, iControl networks, indigo domotics, openHAB, Exosite, and Zonoff specialize in development of IoT related software platforms for vertically integrated solutions, managing interfaces, managing different wireless communication protocols and standards, cloud computing, data storage, and apps for using mobile devices. Large companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Oracle, Google, Cisco, and GE are developing platform solutions with integrated cloud and AI technologies. Acquisition of emerging software companies with successful IoT software platform solutions by the larger companies is happening. These software solutions play a major role in enabling smart home automation as it allows bundling and makes smart home installation easier and less expensive. Vertically Integrated Products Companies that provide vertically integrated solutions such as Nest, Revolv, Smartthing, Apple, Quirky, Comcast, AT&T and Verizon are beginning to report non negligible revenue. You can currently walk into Home Depot and buy a home IoT kit. In addition to four wireless devices and a hub, the kit comes with a software platform and apps to connect you remotely from your smart phone to your home kit through a cloud server. DropBox sells Internet ready video cameras and will store one day, one week, or one month of video on their cloud servers for a monthly service charge. In addition to providing practical and functional features, product offering also emphasizes on luxury experiences and trendiness provided by smart home automation. Cloud Services Cloud server companies are benefiting from the growth of smart home automation. The cloud offers companies that provide vertically integrated solutions the ability to provide whole solutions without having to build out their own internet infrastructure. Cloud service providers are companies like Google, Amazon, IBM, and others. In fact, the Internet of Things is becoming the next cloud battleground, where companies rush to build out data storage, data mining and processing with AI capability, security and privacy, and ease of remote access with encryption. There are a number of challenges



that are slowing growth in this area of business – security, enterprise, consumer privacy, data, storage management, server technologies, and data center networks.xii Full Service Provider Businesses Traditional high end audio video home theatre, home monitoring installation and automation companies such as Crestron, HiDefAudioVideo, Century Stereo, VHT, Control4, Vivint, Western audio/video, and Gator Home Tech Inc. are leveraging the smart home IoT technology readiness to further automate home experiences and make installation easier for home owners. The readily available wireless technology in consumer electronics and technology requirements in smart home eco-system has driven down the cost for wiring, sensors and controllers setup. A lot more software platform and App solutions are available in the market to aggregate different systems and customize for home owner’s life-style and preferences.

IV. NETWORK The Network Role is Critical As the race towards practical realization of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its important derivative “Smart Home” continues, networking technologies for connected home are increasingly becoming key contributors to the overall evolution of the IoT. Accordingly, these technologies and their capabilities for efficient and widespread connectivity of consumer electronic (CE) devices, home appliances, sensors/actuators, and connectivity to the cloud are evolving at a fast pace. It is important to note that such a fast emerging connectivity paradigm is enabled by rapid advances in communication and information technologies that allow embedding various aspects of smartness and device connectivity in the home. These smart homes are the ones that can interact intelligently with smart devices and provide in-home comfort and safety. Such interaction can include a wide variety of usage scenarios ranging from a simple control of room temperature to context-aware mobile agent based services. In this regards, wireless networks and sensors/actuators act as key enablers of the new connected home paradigm with smartness realized by some form of pervasive computing. Wired vs. Wireless Although the first generation of smart home connectivity technologies initially relied on wired infrastructure of homes (e.g Ethernet, Poweline, etc.) the widespread growth in wireless end-user devices is shifting the big picture towards an all-wireless solution, so devices can communicate (directly or through a wireless hub) with the smart “things” inside a home. An all wireless solution also makes sense economically, simplifying installation, especially in retrofits, and avoid the need to connect between wired and wireless devices. Standard bodies, such as IEEE & ITU, are working on standards for this



integration1, however these efforts have not been widely adopted by the industry due to the limitations and variations in wired infrastructure and the fast growth of wireless technologies and their protocols.xiii In particular, technologies like WiFi with its wide bandwidth & low power mode capabilities, can easily surpass most of the wired technology options (e.g. HomePlug, MoCA, etc.). To accommodate low power, technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth have evolved into low power versions WiFi-PS (Power Save mode) and BLE (Low Power Bluetooth). These allow for connectivity of a variety of small battery powered devices, which are not usually rechargeable and can be located in difficult to of reach locations. This includes various sensors and actuators that are required to sustain reliable operations and service for several years, merely on their batteries.xiv Wireless Physical Connectivity Figure 8 illustrates the physical connectivity paradigm in a smart home and various potential connectivity enabler technologies.

Three major categories of connectivity are needed to establish the requirements of a connected smart home. In the first networking category, various

“Things” (Home Hubs, Devices, Appliances, Sensors, and Actuators) connect to one another based on the application scenario. The network also allows connectivity to the Internet by connecting to a broadband router, which allows a user to connect to the smart home system remotely from any web-enabled device. In the future, the home hub is likely to disappear and the “hub stack” absorbed by another piece of hardware in the home, such as a wireless router or a set-top box. The second category requires connectivity of location tracking tags for users and things, to a server/controller that is in charge of location tracking within the smart home. Location tracking of users is critical for smart homes, as it tries to adapt the environment around each user to their level of comfort. The above processing role can be accommodated by the home hub or in the cloud. The most important technologies in this 1 In an effort to establish hybrid networks standards bodies such as IEEE 1905 and ITU-‐T G.hn have been looking at possibilities of integration various wired and wireless technologies. These solutions are trying to perform an L2-‐L3 Bridging (Seamless Bridging) by introducing a software layer between layers 2 and 3 that abstracts the particular operating details of each interface in use.

Figure 8 Physical Connectivity Enablers in a Smart Home



category include passive and active RFID technologies. Passive RFID tags are of interest as they are cheap and light, and can be attached to the devices or clothing. The third technology category includes cellular or hotspot connectivity technologies (such as 3G, 4G, and WiFi) that provide Wide Area Networking (WAN), connecting a user to her/his smart home from anywhere at any time. As can be seen, there are different alternative technologies for each category, so it is important to study the future in terms of sustained technologies. The widespread growth of wireless networks including cellular, WiFi, and Bluetooth, as well as RFID technologies result in their usage in many different aspects of day-to-day life. As such, it is envisioned that a combination of these standards will be used to construct the smart home. Although all wireless technologies that can support some form of remote data

transfer, may be considered candidates for inclusion in the smart home portfolio, WiFi and Bluetooth will be the key networks shaping future smart homes. In fact, we believe that mass deployment and adoption of Low-power Wi-Fi chips and their integration with Bluetooth is a new trend that will bring the price per chip down to a level that can surpass other smart home technologies such as Zigbee.xv Figure 9 compares each technology category and our prediction of the likelihood of future widespread adoption.

V. INTERNET OF THINGS COULD BE CLOUD OF THINGS The Need for IoT and Cloud Integration IoT connects billions of devices and sensors to create new and innovative applications. In order to support these applications, a powerful, reliable, and flexible platform is essential. Cloud computing is the most promising enabling platforms to support IoT. IoT devices can benefit from the unlimited capabilities and resources of Cloud to overcome their technological limitations such as storage, processing, energy, size, etc.

Figure 9 Key Networking Technologies



Cloud can offer management, data capture and analysis, and centralized application access. The cloud can benefit from IoT by extending its reach into the real world, and potentially allow delivery of new services in real life scenarios. The Cloud acts as intermediate layer between the IoT and the applications, where the cloud hides the complexity required to support the backend of IoT devices for the Smart Home, while delivering access to the data for user based applications. The cloud can act as a storage resource for IoT devices that may have limited space for storage, allowing centralized storage, and access for processing or application access. Most IoT/Smart Home devices have limited processing power due to cost, power, and space. As the cloud has virtually unlimited processing capabilities, it can process data collected, allowing data-driven decision-making and prediction algorithms or provide information for user response delivering the “Smart” in Smart Home. Another reason for cloud integration is communications. One of the requirements of IoT is to make IP-enabled devices communicate through dedicated hardware, and the support for such communication can be very expensive. Cloud offers an effective and cheap solution to connect, track, and manage anything from anywhere at any time using customized portals and built-in apps. With the availability of high speed networks, it enables the monitoring and control of remote things their coordination, their communications, and the real-time access to the produced data. IoT is characterized by a very high number of heterogeneity of devices, technologies, and protocols. Therefore, scalability, interoperability, reliability, efficiency, availability, and security can be very difficult to obtain. The integration with the Cloud solves most of these problems, while also providing additional features such as ease-of-use/access, and reduced costs. Specific areas which the cloud can support and improve Smart Home include:

• Manage your radio frequency and your neighbor frequency through cloud • Cloud computing makes it possible for IoT devices even with limited

computational capabilities, to perform intricate computations • Cloud can upgrade your devices immediately to cover any security holes and

could detect abnormal behavior in your devices • Cloud may be one way of resolving the problems associated with the need to

build out ostensibly two separate (and costly) infrastructures to deal with storage, access and management of the data collected by the devices

• Not All IoT Data Is Important - Rather than analyze all IoT data that is collected, analytic models used in cloud can find patterns in IoT data before it is stored

VI. IOT TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES Lack of Standardization The lack of open standards manifests itself at the Institutional level within the IoT space. For example, the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF incorporates inputs from multiple stakeholders, which include a broad mix of policy makers to engineers to formulate the framework for future development on the Internet. No such organization



exists for the Internet of Things, even though the technology borrows liberally from both hardware and web development practices Too often manufacturers are using their own standards and protocols, resulting in a slew of high-tech, useful devices which are unable to communicate with each other Radio Frequency in home is unmanaged The broadly adopted 2.4Ghz WiFi bandwidth is over-crowed with other devices including Bluetooth, BT, Zigbee, Micro-wave, baby monitors, coreless phones and other devices, making it challenging to continue to add additional IoT devices and have a reliable network.

The newer 5Ghz WiFI networks have more channels and fewer devices, however with the growth of IoT devices could be crowed once you have many100+ devices in home. Also neighboring 5G devices could cause interference, especially in apartment complexes. Also LTE-U, a cellular 5G network, may also add to the challenges.

IOT devices will generate immensity data Data management and storage options are critical components of the Internet of things since massive data would be communicated. It is important to separate private data from the corporate data, which may create real big impact on the application and system designs. The primary value in an IoT system is in the ability to perform analytics on the acquired data and extract useful insight. Sometime, unnecessary data is being continuously transferred, consuming a lot of power, bandwidth, storage space, and processing

Security and Privacy are key Hacker can hack PC, phone, they can hack your IOT devices and potentially comprise your data or control devices. Security and privacy will be critical to the success of the Smart Home in these areas:

• Prevent data breaches: Avoid disclosure or leakage of sensitive data to mitigate the cost of a data breach

• Ensure data integrity: Prevent unauthorized changes to data, data structures, configuration files and logs to ensure complete visibility into data access patterns and trends

• Protect privacy: Prevent disclosure of sensitive information by masking or de-identifying data in databases, applications, and reports on demand across the enterprise.

VII. CONCLUSION IoT device growth will be incredible over the next 5-‐10 years according to every industry analyst and expert, likely approaching over 200 billion devices by 2020. The availability of smart low cost devices will be a key growth factor for a smart connected home, however the devices alone will not create the Smart Home, but



rather integrating these disparate IoT devices into a unified solution that can react and predict our needs is what most consumers envision as a truly “Smart Home”. As IoT is the most hyped technology in 2014 per Gartner, it is likely and expected that it will hit many of the technical challenges discussed. These can and are being overcome with advances in networking technology, power reduction, and cloud integration. It is more likely the bigger challenges to broader adoption and integration into a Smart Home are the more human issues of cost in general, benefits vs. cost, complexity, and privacy concerns. Our belief is that near term (next 3-‐5 years) these human issues will limit broad adoption of Smart home. Near term adoption will continue to be wealthy or impresser type consumers, who can afford custom installations to overcome the complexity issues, or green consumers who value energy and carbon savings and are willing to pay for it. This will sustain good growth in the industry, allow venture funding of new and existing players, and help overcome the challenges needed for broader adoption. Post 3-‐5 years we see several things occurring which will allow the hockey stick growth seen in figure 10 to occur, creating a huge opportunity for the many startups that survive the slower period before this accelerated growth. The technical challenges will be overcome by this time; Standardization or a heterogeneous unifying cloud interface, lower power & improved networking, and privacy concerns addressed through competition or regulations will be resolved. For the human factors, pricing in general will be greatly reduced due to the sheer number of IoT devices (reducing chip set costs). The value of various IoT devices will get to a point

Figure 10 -‐ Global Smart Home Device Shipments



where their perceived value is high enough to drive buying behavior (as explained during our presentation, the Egg Minder at $50 was not a viable product, but at $10-‐12, its perceived value reached a level where we decided its cost was at the right level for its value (see figure 11). Finally the complexity concerns will be overcome through improved interfaces, cloud intelligence to work through initial deployment, updating and troubleshooting. With all of these technical and user challenges resolved, we will all be living in Smart Homes!



VIII. REFERENCES i M2M Research Series Smart, Homes and Home Automation, http://www.berginsight.com/ReportPDF/ProductSheet/bi-‐sh1-‐ps.pdf ii IOT Analytics, 2015, The 10 most popular Internet of Things applications right now, http://iot-‐analytics.com/10-‐internet-‐of-‐things-‐applications/ iii Larry Dignan, Internet of things: $8.9 trillion market in 2020, 212 billion connected things, October 2013, ZDnet, http://www.zdnet.com/article/internet-‐of-‐things-‐8-‐9-‐trillion-‐market-‐in-‐2020-‐212-‐billion-‐connected-‐things/ iv Jens Erik Gould, The 'Internet Of Everything' Will Generate $14.4 Trillion Of Value Over The Next Decade, August 2014, Business Insider, http://read.bi/1yDOQQ3 v Tony Danova, The 'Internet Of Everything' Will Generate $14.4 Trillion Of Value Over The Next Decade, March 2015, Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/connected-‐home-‐forecasts-‐and-‐growth-‐2014-‐9 vi Anonymous, The Business Of Home Automation Is Enabling The Internet Of Things, February 2014, Distinct Press, www.smarthome-‐wulian.com/the-‐business-‐of-‐home-‐automation-‐is-‐enabling-‐the-‐internet-‐of-‐things vii Yarow, Jay. 2014. “Nest, Google’s New Thermostat Company, Is Generating a Stunning $300 Million in Annual Revenue.” Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/nest-‐revenue-‐2014-‐1 viii Alspach, Kyle. 2014. “SimpliSafe raises $57 million for easy home security device.” BetaBoston. http://www.betaboston.com/news/2014/05/21/simplisafe-‐raises-‐57-‐million-‐for-‐easy-‐home-‐security-‐device/ ix Alspach, Kyle. 2014. “SimpliSafe raises $57 million for easy home security device.” BetaBoston. http://www.betaboston.com/news/2014/05/21/simplisafe-‐raises-‐57-‐million-‐for-‐easy-‐home-‐security-‐device/ x IoT market segments – Biggest opportunities in industrial manufacturing http://iot-‐analytics.com/iot-‐market-‐segments-‐analysis/ xi 100 Million Internet Connected Wireless Lights by 2020 http://onworld.com/news/100-‐Million-‐Internet-‐Connected-‐LED-‐Lights-‐by-‐2020.html xii The Internet of Things Will Transform the Data Center – by Gartner http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2684616 xiii 1905.1-‐2013 – “IEEE Standard for a Convergent Digital Home Network for Heterogeneous Technologies,”, IEEE Standards, IEEE



xiv Tozlu Serbulent, Senel Murat, Mao Wei, and Keshavarzian Abtin, “Wi-‐Fi Enabled Sensors for Internet of Things: A Practical Approach”, IEEE Communication Magazine, 2013, Robert Bosch LLC xv Joire, Myriam, 2013, “Broadcom introduces low-‐power WiFi and Bluetooth chips for the Internet of things”, EndGadget, http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/30/broadcom Additional References: 1. Khosrow-Pour, Mehd. 2014. “Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition 2. Eui-.-‐‑Nam, Huh, 2014, “Cloud of Things : Smart Cloud” 3. Alessio Botta, Walter de Donato, Valerio Persico, Antonio Pescap´e, 2014, “On the Integration of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things”

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Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology University of ... · ideas from the public and turn the best ideas into real products through a partnership with GE manufacturing. Over 400