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1
Cellular of the Internet of
Things
Mérouane Debbah
Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, Huawei,
France
December 5th, 2016
2
Trends & Insights
4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?
5G IoT Revolution and Challenges
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5
3GPP: 5G Timeline
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2022
Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
3GPP
Req., Eval. Criteria
ITU Workshop
Proposal
WRC-12 WRC-15 WRC-19
Spec.
ITU-R
LTE-Advanced (4G)
Eval
Rel-17
5G SI(s) UAI, other features /
enhancements
5G WI(s) Phase-2
5G WI(s) Phase-1
LTE-Advanced Pro (4.5G)
2018Q2
Basic function
Verification
2020Q2
Commercial
2019Q3
IOT Test
5G
5G Standardization Process
High Frequency Channel
2018.06 2019.12
RAN Requirement & Scope (SI) Phase 1 WI Phase2 WI
2015.09 2016.03
Phase 1 Frozen
Phase 2 Frozen
Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
2017.03
Waveform & MA
Numerology
Modulation & Coding
MIMO
Channel and Signaling
OFDM based waveform NOMA needs to be investigated Forward-compatible flexible frame
structure Full support of Massive MIMO Polar code and LDPC should be
included in research.
5G AI basic Consensus
Now 2016.10 2016.11
Kick off
3GPP SI Charter
5G AI direction will be almost determined in 2016.
7
Trends & Insights
4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?
5G IoT Revolution and Challenges
8
4.5G
Experience 4.0
Voice HD
HD Voice HD Video Connection+
NB-IoT, MC
PTT
…
HD Vide
o
Gbps
Cloud VR/A
R
2K/4K
Video
4.5G, Engine of New Services, New Experience, New Markets
2B
Requirements
l Small Packet
(<100kbps)
l Deep Coverage
(20dB)
l Low power (10 Years)
l Low cost (<$5)
0.8B
0.2B
Connections in 2020 (Billion)
Camera
Electronic billboards…
Market
Segment
LPWA: Low Power Wide Area
3G/4G
Technology
GSM/GPRS/CDMA
LTE MTC(R12, R13)
Zigbee, Bluetooth
WiFi, Sigfox, LoRa
NB-IoT…
l >10Mbps
l ~1Mbps
l Low power
consumption
Smart Home
POS…
Sensors, Meters
Asset Tracking
Smart Parking
Smart agriculture …
By 2020, LPWA to Represent 70% of Cellular IoT Connections
9
10
Sigfox LoRa EC-GSM Cat-1 Cat-0 eMTC NB-IoT
Standardization Private Open 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP
Spectrum Unlicensed Unlicensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed
Channel BW 100Hz 7.8~500kHz 200kHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz
System BW 100KHz 125kHz 1.4MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz
Peak Data Rate UL:100bps
DL:600bps 180bps~37.5kbps
DL: 74kbps
UL:74kbps
DL:10Mbps
UL:5Mbps
DL:2Mbps
UL:1Mbps
DL:800kbps
UL:1Mbps
DL:234.7kbps
UL:204.8kbps
Max. number of
Message per day 140(Device)
50000(BTS) 50000(BTS) unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited
Device Peak
Tx Power 14dBm 14dBm 26dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm
MCL(Maximum
Coupling Loss) UL:156dB
DL: 147dB
UL: 156dB
DL:
168(SF12, BW7.8)
132(SF6, BW125)
164dB 144dB 144dB 156dB 164dB
Device Power
Consumption Low Low-Medium Low Medium Medium Low-Medium Low
LPWA Technologies Overview
11
200kHz 200kHz 200kHz
LTE Bandwidth
20MHz 1.4 MHz
3
MHz
5
MHz 10MHz 15MHz
Standalone LTE Guard Band LTE In Band
10-year Battery Life
PSM State
Data Wake up
20+dB Gain Over 2G
Coverage
9~12 dB
N Repetitions ~17dB
NB-IoT Controller Service Platform
DL Data SingleRAN
(2G/3G/4G/NB-IoT)
SingleRAN Based Network
NB-IoT
200KHz
NB-IoT Network Performance
Higher Power density
PSM: Power Saving Mode
12
Standardization of NB-IoT Completed
R14 kick off R14 frozen
2016.03 2016.05 2016.06 2016.09 2017.03
NB-IoT
eMTC
EC-GSM
R13 Completed
RAN1
RAN2
RAN3
R13 Completed
RAN1
RAN2
RAN3
R13
GERAN2(Performance)
R13
RAN4(Performance)
R13
RAN4(Performance)
R13 Completed
GERAN1
R14
Positioning
Multicast
Non-Anchor PRB enhancements
Mobility and service continuity
enhancement
New Power Class
R14
Positioning
R14
Positioning
Multicast
Mobility
enhancements
Higher data rates
VoLTE
13
Accelerate the Adoption of More Use Cases
Pet Tracking
Smart Parking
Gas Meter
Water Meter
4 Use Cases 50 Use Cases
Environmental
Monitoring
Smart Band
Liquid and
Pressurized Fuels Smart Bike
Smart Vending
Waste Bin
Smoke and Fire
Alarms
Water Bin
2015 2016
14
Trends & Insights
4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?
5G IoT Revolution and Challenges
15
5G Activities All Over The World
Countries and projects where 5G is studied, Asia is leading the 5G verification/trial
11-2012
European Union METIS 2020 Project
29 members
€27 million investment
DoCoMo joint 5G research
with 13 vendors
12-2013
European Union 5G PPP Project
€125 million investment for 5G (initial EU funding)
>€700 million investment funding in 2014-2020
Update on 02-2014: €4B investment in 2014-2020
11-2013
Huawei 5G research
investment ~$600 million
China Gov 5G funding
¥160 million in 2013 only
MIIT launch of IMT-2020
Promotion Group or 5G
Targeting 2020 commercialization
10-2012
UK Gov."5G Innovation Centre“
at the University of Surrey
150 researchers, ~100 PHDs
£41 million investment
Launch of 5G Forum in 2013
South Korea Gov. $1.5B
funding in developing and
rolling out trial 5G services by
2017,Commercial services by
2020
CMCC 5G Project
03-2014
Germany and UK 5G research project
On 24-02-2014 NGMN has made a decision to focus the future NGMN work programme on defining the end-to-end requirements for 5G
Alliance representing 21 mobile operators around the world
5GMF set up on 09-2014,
verification from 2017
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20
Diversified Challenges and Gaps to Reach 5G
Network
Architecture
Slicing Ability
Required
Connections
1,000K Connections
Per km2
Mobility
500km/h
High-speed
Railway
Throughput
10Gbps
Per
Connection
Latency
1 ms
E2E
Latency
5G
100Mbps 10K 350Km/h 30~50ms Inflexible
LT
E
GA
P 30~50x 100x 100x 1.5x NFV/SDN
21
New Air Interface
SCMA
F-OFDM
Polar Code
Full Duplex
Mobile Internet Internet of Things Mission Critical MTC
One air interface fits many applications with high flexibility, at least a 3x intrinsic spectrum efficiency improvement
Adaptive Air Interface
22
Challenges
• Positionning/Tracking
• NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)
• Grant Free Access
• End to End Latency
• Mobility
• Energy Efficiency
• Light-cryptography