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Cellular Energy
I. Energy for Living ThingsA. Organisms need
energy to live
B. Energy is the ability to do work
II. Energy Storing Molecules
a. ATP and NADPH
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
ribose
adenine
phosphates
A. ATP is made of ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups.
B. Organisms use ATP to temporarily store chemical energy.
C. ATP is replenished by eating food.
D. Energy is stored in bonds
ribose
adenine
high energy bonds
E. Energy is released when a bond is broken
And…
adenosine diphosphate is produced (ADP)
ribose
adenine
IV. All energy on Earth comes from the Sun
A. Visible Light Waves
1. ROY G BIV
B. Chlorophyll- a pigment that absorbs violet, blue, and red light (inside chloroplasts).
` Autotroph- “self” Feeder (ex- plants) Heterotroph- Consumes other plants and
animals (ex- animal)
I. ChloroplastsA. Chloroplasts: in leaves of plants- have
chlorophyll
C Parts of the chloroplast1. Stroma –fluid/space inside each chloroplast
2. Grana – stacks of Thylakoid sacs
3. Thylakoids –sacs which contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis
Thylakoids
Grana Stroma
D. Why are leaves green?
Because chlorophyll
V. PhotosynthesisA. Photo – Light
B. Synthesis – Putting together
C. “making things with light”
D. Chloroplasts capture light energy and build carbohydrates (food) from raw materials.
E. Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Light energy
VI. Light Reaction
1. Light energy from the sun hits chlorophyll molecules
2. ATP and NADPH is formed
3. Used H₂O and produces O₂
4. ATP and NADPH are used as energy for the dark reaction
VI. Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle
1. The second part of photosynthesis
2. doesn’t need light energy to occur
VI. Calvin Cycle/ Dark Cycle
3. Carbon dioxide (from the air) and ATP and NADPH from the light reaction are used to make carbohydrates (food).
Cellular RespirationA. Cellular Respiration takes sugar from
photosynthesis and uses oxygen to make energy(ATP) for the body.
B. Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes
Cellular RespirationC. Overall Reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO 2 + 6H2O + Energy
Energy = the ability to do work
D. Cellular Respiration occurs in all living organisms (including plants and animals)