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Cellular Basis ofCellular Basis of

ImmunityImmunity311 304 Cell & Molecular311 304 Cell & Molecular

BiologyBiology

Lecturer: Mr. Jirapat ChunthapongLecturer: Mr. Jirapat Chunthapong

September, 2006September, 2006

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1. Innate Immunity1. Innate Immunity

microbemicrobe--specific moleculesspecific molecules

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Innate ImmunityInnate Immunity

(inflammation)(inflammation) ++

Campbell & Reece, 2002

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LysozymeLysozyme

polysaccharidepolysaccharidewallswalls

Nature, 412: 835-838, 2000

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InterferonInterferon

NK cellsNK cells

http://arginine.chem.cornell.edu/Structures/IFN.html

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22. Adaptive (Acquired). Adaptive (Acquired)

ImmunityImmunity ((specificspecific

immunity)immunity)

44

self antigensself antigens nonnon--self antigensself antigens

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Alberts et al, 2004CellCell--transfer experiment after subtransfer experiment after sub--lethallethal

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LymphocytesLymphocytes

33

66--88 QQmm

20%

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Lodish et al., 2000

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BBlymphocyteslymphocytes

T lymphocytesT lymphocytes

Campbell & Reece, 2002

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B cells & T cellsB cells & T cells pluripotent homeopoietic stempluripotent homeopoietic stemcellscells

Resting B cellsR

esting B cells resting T cellsresting T cells

lymphocyteslymphocytes effector cellseffector cellsB cellsB cells plasma cells & memory B cellsplasma cells & memory B cells

T cellsT cells effector T cells & memor Teffector T cells & memor T

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Resting lymphocytesResting lymphocytes vsvs..

Activated lymphocytesActivated lymphocytes

Alberts et al, 2004

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lymphocyteslymphocytes 22

lymphocyteslymphocytes ((surface markers)surface markers)

Clusters of Differentiation (CD):Clusters of Differentiation (CD):nomenclature for leukocyte surfacenomenclature for leukocyte surface

markers, proposed and established inmarkers, proposed and established in

thethe 11stst International Workshop andInternational Workshop and

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CD1 = an MHC-like molecule that presentslipid molecules

CD3 = thesignalingcomponent of the T-cell receptor (TCR)complex

CD4 = a co-receptor for the TCR that is found on T-helpercells;

also a receptorused by HIV to enter T cellsCD8 = a co-receptor for the TCR that is found on cytotoxic T cells

CD31 = PECAM-1, a cell adhesion molecule on platelets and

endothelialcells

CD35 = Complement receptor1 (C3b/C4b receptor)

CD36 = Platelet glycoprotein IV or IIIb (GP IV / GP IIIb)

CD56 = a marker for naturalkillercells andsome T-lymphocytesCD71 = Transferrin receptor, mediatescellularuptake ofiron

CD117 = c-kit, the receptor for Stem Cell Factor, a glycoprotein that

regulatescellulardifferentiation, particularly in hematopoiesis

CD120 = a receptor for Tumour Necrosis Factor, an inflammatory

cytokine

CD142 = Tissue factor, a majorinitiator of blood-clottingCD143 = Angiotensin-convertingenzyme

CD144 = VE-Cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule at

intercellular junctions, found only in the vascularendothelium

CD202a = Tie2, the receptor for angiopoietins, a family of angiogenic

factors

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Janeway et al., 2005

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http://www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/~immuno/part1/lec06/ab12.gif

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http://www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/~immuno/part1/lec06/ab3.gif

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Alberts et al, 2004

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http://www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/~immuno/part1/lec06/igc.gif

constant regionconstant region heavy chainheavy chain

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Antigen ReceptorsAntigen Receptors genetic recombinationgenetic recombination

B cellsB cells

variable regionvariable region segmentssegments variable segment, diversity segment,variable segment, diversity segment,

joining segmentjoining segment segmentsegment polymorphismspolymorphismsVV--DD--J recombinationJ recombination

Combinatorial diversificationCombinatorial diversification

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http://nature.chem.msu.su/lectures_old/Recombination/VDJ.gif

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http://www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/~immuno/part1/lec06/igdna.gif

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http://www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/~immuno/part1/lec06/seg.gif

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Immunological ToleranceImmunological Tolerance

self antigensself antigens

Natural toleranceNatural tolerance self toleranceself tolerance self toleranceself tolerance

autoimmune diseasesautoimmune diseases

Induced tolerance:Induced tolerance: tolerancetolerance

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ImmunologicalImmunological

ToleranceTolerance

http://bio.winona.msus.edu/bates/Human%20Bio/Images/hb12_02.jpg

Developing lymphocytesDeveloping lymphocytes antigen receptorantigen receptor

self antigensself antigens

prograprogra