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CELLS. Building Blocks of Life. Every living thing is made of cells Cells complete different functions in different parts of organisms. Muscle cells help us move Fat cells store energy. Form and Function. Cells have different sizes, shapes and parts. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CELLSCELLSBuilding Blocks of LifeBuilding Blocks of Life
Every living thing is made of cells Cells complete different
functions in different parts of organisms.Muscle cells help us moveFat cells store energy
Every living thing is made of cells Cells complete different
functions in different parts of organisms.Muscle cells help us moveFat cells store energy
Form and FunctionForm and Function Cells have different sizes, shapes and parts. Their appearance will reflect their
function.
Cells have different sizes, shapes and parts. Their appearance will reflect their
function.
Cells ShapesCells Shapes Plant cells are usually
rectangular because of their thick cell wall.
Animal cells are usually rounded because they lack cell walls.
Cell Shape Pictures
Plant cells are usually rectangular because of their thick cell wall.
Animal cells are usually rounded because they lack cell walls.
Cell Shape Pictures
The Two Cell TypesThe Two Cell Types Prokaryotic
Simple cells no complex organelles Small cells average size 1
micrometer Bacteria only example Oldest known form of life
Prokaryotic Simple cells no complex organelles Small cells average size 1
micrometer Bacteria only example Oldest known form of life
The Two Cell TypesThe Two Cell Types Eukaryotic: Complex cells many organelles Large cells average 20 micrometers Plants, animals, fungi, protists, Evolved much later than
prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic: Complex cells many organelles Large cells average 20 micrometers Plants, animals, fungi, protists, Evolved much later than
prokaryotic cells
Cell PartsCell Parts Cell Membrane: Thin covering on outside of
the cell. Controls movement of
materials into & out of the cell.
Cell Membrane: Thin covering on outside of
the cell. Controls movement of
materials into & out of the cell.
needed materialswastes
Cell Wall Cell Wall
Thick, strong covering on the outside of plant cells only.
Provides protection & support for the plant.
Plan Cell Diagram
Thick, strong covering on the outside of plant cells only.
Provides protection & support for the plant.
Plan Cell Diagram
Cytoplasm Jelly-like material in the cell Contains the organelles.
Organelle (small organ) A structure in the
cytoplasm that performs a specific function.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like material in the cell Contains the organelles.
Organelle (small organ) A structure in the
cytoplasm that performs a specific function.
OrganellesOrganelles Nucleus:
The control center of the cell.
Contains the cell’s genetic material in the DNA molecule
Nucleus:The control center of the cell.
Contains the cell’s genetic material in the DNA molecule
Nucleolus Found inside nucleus Produces ribosome
Chromosomes Found inside nucleus Contain DNA Holds the cells ‘blue prints” Contain the cells genetic information
Nucleolus Found inside nucleus Produces ribosome
Chromosomes Found inside nucleus Contain DNA Holds the cells ‘blue prints” Contain the cells genetic information
Ribosomes The cell’s protein factory
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Series of membranes used to
transport materials through the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes The cell’s protein factory
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Series of membranes used to
transport materials through the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria Hot dog shape with many folds organelle where sugar is
converted to usable energy. Cells can have many
mitochondria
Mitochondria Hot dog shape with many folds organelle where sugar is
converted to usable energy. Cells can have many
mitochondria
Site of cell respiration.
C
Site of cell respiration.
C
ChloroplastsChloroplasts Site of photosyntheisis Captures sun’s energy to make food Green, oval organelle Contains chlorophyll Makes leaves green
Site of photosyntheisis Captures sun’s energy to make food Green, oval organelle Contains chlorophyll Makes leaves green
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
sunlight
CHROMOPLASTSCHROMOPLASTS
Same function as chloroplasts They use different
wavelengths of light. Contain the bright pigments
that give Fall leaves their colors
Same function as chloroplasts They use different
wavelengths of light. Contain the bright pigments
that give Fall leaves their colors
LEUCOPLASTSLEUCOPLASTS
Used in starch storage: We will see them in potato cells.
Used in starch storage: We will see them in potato cells.
Golgi BodyGolgi Body Flat sacs, look like stack of records Used to wrap materials so that they can
easily be transported out of the cell Makes lysosomes
Flat sacs, look like stack of records Used to wrap materials so that they can
easily be transported out of the cell Makes lysosomes
DIFFUSION & OSMOSIS
DIFFUSION & OSMOSIS
DiffusionDiffusion The gradual spreading of molecules
from an area of high concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Examples Smoke spreading in air Salt spreading in water Water spreading through a paper
towel
The gradual spreading of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Examples Smoke spreading in air Salt spreading in water Water spreading through a paper
towel
OsmosisOsmosis The diffusion of water into or out of
cells Examples
Cells placed in salt water shrink Cells placed in fresh water grow
The diffusion of water into or out of cells
Examples Cells placed in salt water shrink Cells placed in fresh water grow
CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography: A technique used to separate materials based on differing chemical or physical properties.
Paper Chromatography: The type of chromatography we used to separate dyes based on their solubility in water.
Solubility: Describes how easily one substance dissolves in another.
Chromatography: A technique used to separate materials based on differing chemical or physical properties.
Paper Chromatography: The type of chromatography we used to separate dyes based on their solubility in water.
Solubility: Describes how easily one substance dissolves in another.
CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY
The dye with the greatest solubility will travel the furthest up the filter paper.
The dye with the least solubility will travel the shortest distance up the filter paper.
The dye with the greatest solubility will travel the furthest up the filter paper.
The dye with the least solubility will travel the shortest distance up the filter paper.
CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY
Other types of chromatography are used to separate other materials. For example gel chromatography is used to separate DNA molecules.
Other types of chromatography are used to separate other materials. For example gel chromatography is used to separate DNA molecules.
Water
Dye with greatest solubility
Dye with least solubility
Original line with mixed up colors.
