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Cell Theory and the Organelles.
I can explain my comprehension of the following topics: • scientists who contributed to the cell
theory • Parts of the cell theory • prokaryote vs. eukaryote cells
• Know the functions of cell organelles
• Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed tissues of animals had cells (1839)
• Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed tissues of plants contained cells ( 1845)
• Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )
1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions.
3. All cells arise from pre- existing cells.
*Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a Fact?
Answer true or false and explain why… 1. Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells. 2. Bacteria cells have a cell membrane. 3. The Cell Theory was developed by a single scientist. 4. Plant cells have cytoplasm. 5. Cells taken from fungi do not have DNA. 6. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells. 7. It only took five years to develop the Cell Theory.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
CELL MEMBRANE • Forms the boundary of the cell
• Bacteria, Protists, Fungus and Plants have a cell
wall as well.
GENETIC MATERIAL • DNA
CYTOPLASM • Interior of cell
• The gel like substance is called CYTOSOL
First Type: Prokaryotic
• Simplest Cells
• NO nucleus
Still have DNA
• NO organelles
• EXAMPLE: bacteria
Flagella – lash-like appendage that
protrudes from the cell body of certain
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells used for
movement
Pilus - small hair like structures used for
attaching to other cells
Second Type: Eukaryotic (this is like
“U”)
• More complex
• Nucleus
• Organelles
• EXAMPLE: Plants and Animals
Membrane bound structures that perform specific functions. (like mini organs)
Only Eukaryotic Cells have organelles.
We will look at a few of the important ones.
Boundary between the cell and its
environment Controls entry and exit
into or out of the cell.
Holds genetic material in Eukaryotic
Cells.
Called the control center of the cell
A system of membranes that moves
proteins and other substances through
(inside) the cell.
There are two types of ER: • Rough ER: mainly associated with protein
• Smooth ER: mainly associated with lipids
Flattened membrane bound sacs
Store and package substances to be
shipped OUT of the cell
Energy is transformed from sugar into
cellular energy
Plant and Animal Cells differ in several ways.
Question: Are Plant and Animal cells the same type of cell? Why?
Have a Cell Wall • Made of Cellulose
• Provides support
• OUTSIDE the cell membrane
Have Chloroplasts • Where photosynthesis
occurs
Have a Central Vacuole • Store water
• Helps with support as
well
Do NOT have a Cell Wall (Plant ONLY)
Do NOT have Chloroplasts (Plant ONLY)
Do NOT have a Central Vacuole (Plant
ONLY-but they do have vacuoles)
Have SMALL vacuoles • Store small amounts of food, water, waste