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Cell structures & Functions
Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial
Cell
Organelles
• Structures that carry out a specific activities in the cell.
• Found in the
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
• Location: Surrounding the cell
• Function: Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell– “Selectively permeable”
•Made of proteins and phospholipids
Cytoplasm• Location: most of cell
• Function: jelly like substance that provides support for organelles, and a place for reactions to occur.
Nucleus• Location: center of cell, bound by
the nuclear membrane.
• Function: controls the normal activities of the cell.
–Contains chromosomes!
Nucleolus
• Location: inside Nucleus
• Function: makes ribosomes.
Ribosomes• Location: cytoplasm, and on the
Rough ER
• Function: structure on which proteins are made.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth ER
–lacks ribosomes• Rough ER
–has ribosomes
on its surface
A highly folded membrane used to move proteins through the cell.
Two types:
Can you tell rough ER from smooth ER?
Golgi Apparatus
• Flattened membrane bound sacs
• Function: packaging and distribution center
-Contains enzymes that modify proteins received in vesicles from the ER.
-Then repackaged in new vesicles to be shipped out
Lysosome• Small, spherical vesicles
Function: Contains cells digestive enzymes– Breaks down foods, and worn out cell parts
Mitochondria• Function: harvests energy from organic
compounds to make ATP (energy)
• Has its own DNA and ribosomes
• Primitive prokaryotes are the ancestors of mitochondria
Cytoskeleton• Made up of Microtubules &
Microfilaments
• Function: Structure & support
Plant Cells
Chloroplast• Function: photosynthesis - traps
sunlight to make sugars (food)
• Contain green pigment called chlorophyll
Vacuole• Function: stores compounds such as sugars,
proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments, maintains cell structure (turgidity)
• Large single central vacuole
Cell wall• Function: Gives shape to cell,
protection, support, prevents excess water entry & “Lysing”
• Made of cellulose, very rigid
• Outside cell membrane
Differences between plant Differences between plant cells and animal cellscells and animal cells
• Animal Cell
• Smaller in size
• Irregular shape
• Nucleus in center
• No cell wall
• Vacuole small or none at all
• No chloroplasts
• Plant Cell
• Larger in size
• Regular shape
• Nucleus against wall
• Cell wall
• Single large Central vacuole
• Chloroplasts
Cells viewed in Lab
Cork Cells
10X
40X 100X
Elodea cells
Chloroplasts
Onion Cell
Nucleus
Cheek cells