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Cell Structure and Function Review
Learning Goals
• Explain the three parts of the cell theory.• Correctly use a compound light microscope to
observe plant and animal cells. • Explain individual function and interrelatedness of
organelles.• Describe the differences, similarities and
evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
• Write the three parts of the cell theory.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
Matthias Schleiden, Botanist, 1837All plants are made of cells.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
Theodor Schwann, Physiologist, 1838All animals are made of cells
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
Rudolf Virchow, 1858All cells are made from the division of existing cells
How well did you remember the cell theory?
A. I remembered and understood all of the cell theory.
B. I had to correct one part of the cell theory.
C. I had to correct two or more parts of the cell theory.
D. I couldn’t remember any of the cell theory.
Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells.
• List the 4 types of microscopes.
• Describe the steps, in order, for using a compound light microscope.
Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells.
• List the 4 types of microscopes. Compound Light - 40x-400x, Living Specimens, 2DDissecting – 3x – 10x, Living Specimens, 3DTransmission Electron - 500,000x, Dead, 2DScanning Electron – 30,000x, Dead, 3D
Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells.
• Describe the steps, in order, for using a compound light microscope.
• Double check for scanning power• Place the slide on stage• Find what you’re looking for and focus with course
adjustment. Center the specimen.• Switch to low power and focus with fine adjustment.
Center the specimen. • Switch to high power and focus with fine adjustment.
How well did you remember the parts of the microscope learning goal?
A. I knew all four types of microscopes and how to use it properly.
B. I knew all four types of microscopes and but not how to use it properly.
C. I did not know all four types of microscopes but I did know how to use it properly.
D. I could only remember parts of this learning goal.
Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles.
In the human body, organs perform specialized jobs. For example, the heart transports blood. In cells, tiny ___________ carry out specialized jobs.
tissues
Org
an syste
ms
organ
elles
Org
an syste
ms
0% 0%0%0%
1. tissues2. Organ systems3. organelles4. Organ systems
The job of a cell wall is to:
Prote
ct and pro
vide sup...
Allow ce
lls to
photosy
nt...
Surro
und the cy
toplasm
33% 33%33%
1. Protect and provide support
2. Allow cells to photosynthesize
3. Surround the cytoplasm
Which is the organelle that holds thecells DNA (its genome) and is the control center of the cell?
centri
ole
mito
chondria
nucleolus
Nucle
us
cyto
plasm
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. mitochondria2. nucleolus3. Nucleus4. cytoplasm
What molecules inside the nucleus allow it to serve as the cell’s control center?
DNA
carb
ohydrate
s
proteins
Lipids
RNA
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. DNA2. carbohydrates3. proteins4. Lipids5. RNA
When you view eukaryotic cells vialight microscopy, you see a small dark, denseregion inside the nucleus. It is called the:
riboso
me
nucleolus
nucleoplas
m
Nucle
ar membra
ne
Nucle
ar pore
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. ribosome2. nucleolus3. nucleoplasm4. Nuclear
membrane5. Nuclear pore
These organelles are assembled in the nucleolus.
golgi
riboso
mes
vacu
oles
lyso
somes
0% 0%0%0%
1. golgi2. ribosomes3. vacuoles4. lysosomes
The structure composed of a networkof protein filaments whose job is supporting the cell’s shape, allowing cell movement, &moving organelles inside the cell is the:
Cell membra
ne
Cell wall
Cytosk
eleton
Cilium, fl
agellum
0% 0%0%0%1. Cell membrane2. Cell wall3. Cytoskeleton4. Cilium, flagellum
Ribosomes
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food3. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins4. Are membrane sacs used for storage5. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
Golgi apparatus:
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--
marking them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
Lysosomes:
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--
marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food4. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions5. Are membrane sacs filled with digestive enzymes used
to break down food to smaller particles or to recycle worn out organelles.
Vacuoles:
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--
marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
Chloroplasts:
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--marking
them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins5. Are membrane sacs used for storage6. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
Mitochondria:
Use
light e
nergy to
mak...
Attach ca
rbohydra
te &
l...
Make
ATP to
allow ce
lls ..
Are m
embrane tu
be s ...
Are m
embrane sa
cs use
d...
Synth
esize pro
teins foll..
.
Are m
embrane sa
cs fille
...
0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--
marking them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
What is the function of the mitochondria?
1. Make lipids2. Make proteins3. Control the cell 4. Make energy
What is the function of ribosomeS?
1. Make lipids2. Make proteins3. Control the cell4. Package and
transport materials
Which of the following organelles are found only in plant cells?
1. Mitochondria2. Chloroplast3. Golgi apparatus4. Lysosomes
Which of the following cells do not have nuclei?
1. Plant 2. Animal3. Eukaryote4. Prokaryote
Where is dna located in a eukaryotic cell?
1. Mitochondria2. Nucleus3. Cytoplasm4. Golgi Apparatus
All cells have
1. Nucleus2. Endoplasmic
reticulum3. Cell Wall4. Cell Membrane
How well do you know the organelles and their functions?
A. I can recall all of the organelles, their functions, where they are in the cell and how they work together.
B. I can recall all of the organelles but am unclear on how some of them work.
C. I remember the names of many organelles but don’t know their functions.
D. I only remember a few organelles.
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Both
•No nucleus
•Smaller and simpler cells
•No membrane bound organelles
•Most primitive form of life on Earth
Example: bacteria
•Nucleus
•Larger and more complex cells
•Have membrane bound organelles
Examples:•Plants•Animals•Fungi•Protists – single celled (unicellular) organisms
•Living things
•DNA
•Ribosomes
•Cytoplasm
•Cell membrane
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
List four things that are different between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Put these differences in order from most important to least important.
What is a membrane bound structure that contains genetic material and controls many of
the cell’s activities?
1. Prokaryote2. Eukaryote3. Nucleus4. Cell membrane
Which of the following cells do not contain a
nucleus?1. Animal cell2. Plant cell3. Bacterial cell
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
1. have a nucleus2. have DNA3. have membrane
bound organelles
4. are the same size
True or false? Eukaryotes are cells that do not have
a nucleus.1. True2. False
Which type of eukaryotes are often single celled (unicellular)?
bacteria
protists
Fungi li
ke yeasts &
molds
Mush
room-b
earing f
ungi
Plants lik
e trees
Animals
like brin
e shrim
...
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1. bacteria2. protists3. Fungi like yeasts &
molds4. Mushroom-bearing
fungi5. Plants like trees6. Animals like brine
shrimp or small insects
How well do you know the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A. I can recall and explain all of
the major differences and similarities.
B. I can list all of the major differences and similarities.
C. I only know a few major differences or similarities.
D. I don’t remember the differences between these two types of cells.
Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells.
Animals and plants are always multicellular with specialized (they look different & function differently) cells.
Cell walls protect cells from bursting and provide them support against pressure (so they don’t get crushed). Which kingdom (the only one) NEVER has cell walls?
Animal
Archaebacte
ria
Eubac
teria
Fungi
Protists
plants
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1. Animal2. Archaebacteria3. Eubacteria4. Fungi5. Protists6. plants
Which structure is found in (specific to)a plant cell but not an animal cell.
Chloroplasts
lyso
somes
mito
chondria
Rough endoplasm
ic re
ti...
Smooth
ER (SER)
Cell wall
s
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
1. Chloroplasts2. lysosomes3. mitochondria4. Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)5. Smooth ER (SER)
Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells.
List three things that are different between plant and animal cells.
Put these differences in order from most important to least important.
How well do you know the differences between plant and animal cells?
A. I can recall and explain all of the major differences and similarities.
B. I can list all of the major differences and similarities.
C. I only know a few major differences or similarities.
D. I don’t remember the differences between these two types of cells.
