Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

© Cramer 2007© Cramer 2007

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OrganelleOrganelle= “little organ”= “little organ”

Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic eukaryotic cellscells

All the stuff in between the All the stuff in between the organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosol

Everything in a cell except the Everything in a cell except the nucleus is nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm

Cell (Plasma) MembraneCell (Plasma) Membrane

Nickname: Security GuardNickname: Security Guard

Boundary of the cellBoundary of the cell

Lets some material in, waste out, and blocks Lets some material in, waste out, and blocks harmful materialsharmful materials

NucleusNucleusNickname: The BossNickname: The Boss

Control center of the cellControl center of the cell

Nucleolus Nucleolus contains contains DNA, DNA, the cells instruction manualthe cells instruction manual

Surrounded by a double Surrounded by a double membranemembrane

Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under a organelle to see under a microscopemicroscope

Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle

Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure

Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell

Made of three types of Made of three types of filamentsfilaments

CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division

Usually found only in animal cellsUsually found only in animal cells

Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules

Part of the Part of the CytoplasmCytoplasm

RibosomeRibosomeNickname: WorkerNickname: Worker

Makes proteinMakes protein

Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating freefree

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Reticulum (ER)

Nickname: RoadsNickname: RoadsConnected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cell

Rough ERRough ER: : Rough appearance Rough appearance because it has because it has ribosomesribosomesHelps make proteins, Helps make proteins, that’s why it has that’s why it has ribosomesribosomes

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Reticulum (ER)

Smooth ERSmooth ER: : No ribosomes; No ribosomes; It makes fats or It makes fats or lipidslipidsBreaks down toxic Breaks down toxic material that could material that could damage the celldamage the cell

Sac of materialSac of material

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusNickname: The ShippersNickname: The Shippers

Looks like a stack of Looks like a stack of

pancakespancakes

Packages, modifies, and transports Packages, modifies, and transports materials to materials to

different locationsdifferent locations

Materials transported to and from Materials transported to and from the Golgi by means of the Golgi by means of vesiclesvesicles

Cells that make saliva or mucus Cells that make saliva or mucus have lots of Golgi bodieshave lots of Golgi bodies

LysosomesLysosomesNickname: Clean-up Nickname: Clean-up Crew Crew

Circular but bigger than Circular but bigger than ribosomesribosomes

Small bubbles filled with digestive Small bubbles filled with digestive materialmaterial

Breaks down ‘food’ into particles Breaks down ‘food’ into particles the rest of the cell can usethe rest of the cell can use

Found mainly in animal cellsFound mainly in animal cells

LysosomesLysosomesNickname: Clean-up Nickname: Clean-up Crew Crew

Garbage disposal of the cellGarbage disposal of the cell

Gets rid of wasteGets rid of waste

Destroys damaged organellesDestroys damaged organelles

Helps white blood cells destroy Helps white blood cells destroy bacteriabacteria

Sometimes called the Suicide Sometimes called the Suicide Sac because it ‘kills’ worn out Sac because it ‘kills’ worn out cellscells

MitochondriaMitochondriaNickname: Powerhouse Nickname: Powerhouse

of the cell of the cell

Converts ‘food’ into energy Converts ‘food’ into energy the cell can usethe cell can use

Needs oxygen like a Needs oxygen like a furnace to convert energyfurnace to convert energy

Many mitochondria found Many mitochondria found in muscle cellsin muscle cells

CytoplasmCytoplasmNickname: Factory Nickname: Factory

FloorFloor

Clear jelly-like fluid Clear jelly-like fluid that contains all the that contains all the organellesorganelles

Made mostly of waterMade mostly of water

Moves materials Moves materials throughout the cellsthroughout the cells

Plant CellsPlant Cells

Have most of the Have most of the same organelles same organelles

as animal cellsas animal cells

Plant CellPlant CellVacuole

Cell Membrane

VacuolesVacuolesFunction: Storage container for Function: Storage container for

water, food, etc.water, food, etc.

Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole

usually in usually in plantplant cells cells

Many smaller vacuoles in Many smaller vacuoles in

animalanimal cells cells

Stores water in plantsStores water in plants

This is what makes lettuce crispThis is what makes lettuce crisp

When there is no water, the plant When there is no water, the plant wiltswilts

Plant CellPlant Cell

Vacuole

Cell Membrane

Chloroplasts

ChloroplastChloroplastFunction: traps energy Function: traps energy

from the sun to from the sun to produce food for the produce food for the plant cellplant cell

Found only in plant Found only in plant cellscells

Green in color because Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is of chlorophyll, which is a green pigmenta green pigment

Plant CellPlant Cell

Vacuole

Cell Membrane

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Cell WallCell WallFunction: provides support Function: provides support

and protection to the cell and protection to the cell membranemembrane

Found in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cellscells

Rigid, protective barrierRigid, protective barrier

Located Located outsideoutside of the cell of the cell membranemembrane

Made of cellulose (Made of cellulose (fiberfiber)) That’s what makes celery That’s what makes celery

crunchycrunchy

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum