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Cell OrganellesCell Organelles
Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”Membrane-bound Membrane-bound structures that carry structures that carry out specific acivities in out specific acivities in the cellthe cellAll the stuff in All the stuff in between the between the organelles is organelles is ccytoplasmytoplasm
Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of every cellBoundary of every cell
Controls passage of materials in and out of the cellControls passage of materials in and out of the cell
Made of a phosphoMade of a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer
NucleusNucleusControl center of the Control center of the cellcell
Contains Contains DNADNA
Surrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membrane
Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscope
Usually one per cellUsually one per cell
CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and muscle muscle for the cellfor the cell
Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure
Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded : studded with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it makes proteins and makes proteins and transports materialstransports materialsSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes and digests lipidsand digests lipids
RibosomeRibosomeSite of protein Site of protein synthesissynthesis
Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm
Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a polypeptidepolypeptide??
Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates
Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteins
Molecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles
LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal Garbage disposal of the cell of the cell
Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to use in the form of ATPuse in the form of ATPBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembraneHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA
ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscells
Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll
Site of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) ) productionproduction
Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane
Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cells cells
Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier
Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane
Made of cellulose Made of cellulose ((fiberfiber))
Helps maintain cell Helps maintain cell shapeshape
VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells
Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells
Storage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division
Usually found only in Usually found only in animal cellsanimal cells
Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules
Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum