cdma450 Core Network

Betsy KidwellChair, 3GPP2 TSG-XLucent Technologiesekidwell@lucent.com

CDMA450 Evolution SeminarHosted by 3GPP2, CDG, and IA450

Warsaw, Poland15 June 2004

15 June 2004 1

Presentation Overview

• Network Evolution Drivers– End User Needs– Operator/Vendor Needs

• Network Evolution Goals– IP Core Network– Worldwide Roaming– Security

• 3GPP2 Progress– Harmonization Efforts– MMD– CDMA/GSM Roaming– Services

• Conclusion

15 June 2004 2

Network Evolution Drivers

• End User Needs– Voice Services– High Speed Data– Easy Operation– Low Cost– High Quality– Bandwidth as appropriate– Worldwide roaming– Small/Multifunction device

15 June 2004 3

Network Evolution Drivers

• Operator/Vendor Needs– Low cost of operation– Protection against theft of service– Profitable business– Worldwide access for their customers – via roaming or actual

network– Simple billing and collection– More spectrum

15 June 2004 4

Network Evolution Goals

• IP Core Network– Voice and data services

• VoIP• High speed data transfer• Internet access

– Ease of service introduction– Lower maintenance– Standard protocols and services– Cross-technology interoperability

15 June 2004 5

Network Evolution Goals

• Worldwide Roaming– CDMA/GSM circuit and packet roaming– IP cdma2000®1/UMTS roaming– Cross-technology roaming (wireless/WLAN)– Backwards compatible with legacy network (TIA-41, LMSD)

1 cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000® is a registeredtrademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA- USA) in the United States.”

15 June 2004 6

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with 3GPP– Decided to harmonize IP Core Network in April 2002– Core network now virtually identical– X.S0013-0 v1.0 aligned with 3GPP Release 5– X.S0013-A v1.0 will align with 3GPP Release 6– Harmonization applies to services as well as core network

• MMS• Push to Talk• Presence• Etc.

15 June 2004 7

Harmonized Architecture

3GPP GPRSCore Network

3GPP2 Packet Data Network

IP MultimediaSubsystem

3GPP RAN 3GPP2 RAN

SGSN GGSN

P-CSCF S-CSCF

PDSN MIP HA

I-CSCF HSS

RNC Node-B BSC BTS

Core Network

Radio Access Network (RAN)

IP MultimediaDomain

P-CSCF S-CSCF

I-CSCF HSS

3GPP 3GPP2

15 June 2004 8

3GPP2 Progress

3GPP2Allows IPv4

Allows home P-CSCF address on MS(e.g. SIP URI, IP address) or useDHCP

Allows PDSN and P-CSCF to be locatedin different networks (e.g., PDSN invisited network, P-CSCF in homenetwork)

Smart cards optional

Allows HTTP digest authentication

Other minor differences…

3GPPMandates IPv6

Special GPRS Procedure

Requires GGSN and P-CSCF to bein the same network

Smart cards required

• 3GPP2/3GPP Differences

15 June 2004 9

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with IETF– Why

• Leveraging Internet products• Easy to interwork with Internet services• Flexible service creation

– How• Close coordination with IETF on ID/RFC development

– 3GPP2/IETF Liaison– IETF Dependency List– Members actively participate in IETF

• Use of SIP, DIAMETER, IPv4, IPv6

15 June 2004 10

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with OMA– Proposal to transfer network independent aspects of MMS to

OMA• On hold pending OMA IPR issue resolution• Coordinated with similar transfer proposal from 3GPP

– Ongoing coordination on• Presence• Push to Talk• IP based Location Services

15 June 2004 11

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD Functional Entities– Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) – extension of the HLR

to include user data for the IP Multimedia Subsystem• Access from the CSCF uses IETF protocols (DIAMETER)

– Call Session Control Function (CSCF) – provides call control functions• Proxy CSCF

– SIP proxy server for the mobile, acting on behalf of the UE within IMS– Forward messages between mobile and other SIP servers

• Serving CSCF– SIP registrar, with cooperation from AAA (location server)– Session control call state machine for the registered end-point– Interaction with service platforms for service control, provides service triggers

• Interrogating CSCF– Entry point from other networks– Allocate or determine the S-CSCF– May hide network topology

15 June 2004 12

3GPP2 Progress

MobileStation IP Networks

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

I-CSCF

HSS/AAAApplication

Server

Gateway

RemoteStation

cdma2000Packet Data

Network

Remote AccessNetwork

PSTN RemoteStation

• MMD Architecture

15 June 2004 13

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD Protocol Stack

SIP RTP

MAC

HTTP

IP

PPP

RLP

MAC

Physical Layer

UDP/TCP

Applications

Phys. Layer

RLP

IP

LowerLayer

Protocols

PPP

SIP RTPHTTP

LowerLayer

Protocols

UDP/TCP

Applications

IP

IP Multimedia signaling and payload traffic

Mobile Station Cdma2000 RAN PDSN Far-End System

15 June 2004 14

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD High Level Call FlowBSC/PCF MSC PDSN AAA P-CSCFHAMobile

Traffic Channel

PPP setup and authentication

Mobile IP Registration

P-CSCF Discovery and MMD SIP Registration

MMD SIP Call Setup

MMD Media Bearer Setup

15 June 2004 15

3GPP2 Progress

• Release A Features– Harmonization across different access technologies (e.g.,

3GPP, WLAN)– Interworking between MMD and Internet– Interworking between MMD and PSTN– Presence– Instant Messaging– Conferencing– Group management– Interface between mobile and application server for service

data management

15 June 2004 16

3GPP2 Progress

• Evolution path to MMD– Legacy MS Domain Support provides a step by step evolution

path from existing circuit networks to All IP networks• LMSD Step 1 (X.S0012-0 v2.0) published March 2004• LMSD Step 2 (X.P0025-0 v1.0) planned for publication 3Q04• MMD Release A (X.P0013-A v1.0) provides support for circuit/packet

handoff with LMSD

15 June 2004 17

3GPP2 Progress

• CDMA/GSM Roaming– Approved X.S0023, Network Interworking between GSM

MAP and TIA-41Networking, for publication in June 2004• One way and two way circuit based service roaming• SIM based operations

– X.P0003, TIA/EIA-41-D Network Enhancements to SupportCDMA SIM Roaming to GSM, approved for V&V in June2004

• TIA-41 specific enhancements for one way and two way roaming– New project X.P0023-A, CDMA/GPRS Data Roaming,

planned for publication 1Q05• Enhances current roaming capabilities to include packet data as well as

circuit service

15 June 2004 18

3GPP2 Services

• Presence– 3GPP/3GPP2/OMA focused on SIP/SIMPLE for Presence and

Instant Messaging– SIP Subscribe/Notify and Message methods– Watcher subscribes to presence events– Work in progress

• SIP Publish to declare presence information• XCAP to manage user data

15 June 2004 19

3GPP2 Services

• Presence Architecture– CSCFs serve as watcher/presentity proxies– Network may update presentity (via AAA interface or

presence user agent)– IM Server and applications connect to CSCF proxies

(non-IMS/MMD implementations currently in use:Wireless VillageSMS transport of AOL/Yahoo IMetc.)

15 June 2004 20

3GPP2 Services

• Push to Talk (PTT)– Several vendors have PTT solutions over cdma2000 1x

networks• ZTE (Gota)• Huawei• Kodiak (RTX)• Motorola• HP/Togabi (PocketCHAT)• Qualcomm (QCHAT)• Ericsson

– Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) being addressed in OMA• With 3GPP2 review and comment

15 June 2004 21

3GPP2 Services

• Broadcast/Multicast Service (BCMCS)– Supported for both 3G1X and HRPD systems– Efficient use of radio resources when transmitting to multiple

end users– Operator has control over:

• Which programs are delivered to which part(s) of the network• Billing of user/content provider• Encryption of IP flows• Service offerings

– Pay per view movies– Sporting events– Streaming data (e.g., stock values, traffic

15 June 2004 22

3GPP2 Services

• BCMCS (continued)– End user

• Needs a BCMCS capable device• Subscription for/ad hoc access to BCMCS service• Selects BCMCS programming (may be menu driven from device)• Receives BCMCS programming• Receives billing for BCMCS services

15 June 2004 23

3GPP2 Services

• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)– X.S0016-0 v1.0 (parts 000, 200, 310, 311, 340, 370) published

May 2003– Aligned with 3GPP Release 5 MMS– Supports Stage 3’s using

• OMA-WAP• Inter-carrier Interworking• VASP Interworking

15 June 2004 24

3GPP2 Services

• High Level MMS Architecture

Cellular Network

Cellular Network

Fixed Network

Internet MMSE

Cellular Network

1 2

3

4

5 3rd Party Service Provider

15 June 2004 25

3GPP2 Services

• MMS Architectural Elements

MMS Relay

MMS User Agent

MMS Server

MMS UserAgent

User Databases e.g. profiles,

subscription, HLR/ AAA

External Server

Wired EMail Client

Mobile Network

Mobile Network

MMSE

Mobile Network B

Roaming MMS User Agent

Message store

Internet / IP Network

MMS VAS

Applications

15 June 2004 26

Conclusion

• Benefits of 3GPP2 Specifications– Evolution path from circuit (TIA-41) networks to IP networks– Standard service offerings– Interoperability with other networks (e.g., GSM/UMTS,

WLAN)– Economy of scale with common platforms and protocols– Support for inter-technology roaming (allows worldwide

roaming)

15 June 2004 27

ACRONYMS

• 3GPP/2: 3rd Generation Partnership Project/2• AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting• AKA: Authentication and Key Agreement• AMR: Adaptive Multi-Rate• AS: Application Server• BCMCS: Broadcast Multicast Service• BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function• BSC: Base Station Controller• BTS: Base Transceiver Subsystem• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access• CS: Circuit Switched• CSCF: Call/Session Control Function• GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node• GSM: Global System Mobile• GSN: GPRS Support Node• GPRS: General Packet Radio Service• HSS: Home Subscriber Server• I-CSCF: Interrogating CSCF• IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem• IM: Instant Messaging• IP: Internet Protocol• MAP: Mobile Application Part• MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function• MGW: Media Gateway

• MMD: IP Multi-Media Domain• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service• MRF: Multimedia Resource Function• MS: Mobile Station• MSC: Mobile Switching Center• OMA: Open Mobile Alliance• PCF: Packet Control Function• P-CSCF: Proxy CSCF• PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node• PoC: Push-to-Talk over Cellular• PS: Packet Switched• PTT: Push-to-Talk• QoS: Quality of Service• RAN: Radio Access Network• RLP: Radio Link Protocol• RTP: Real-time Transmission Protocol• S-CSCF: Serving CSCF• SDP: Session Description Protocol• SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node• SIP: Session Initiation Protocol• UE: User Equipment• UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System• WCDMA: Wideband CDMA

15 June 2004 28

Supplementary Slides

• WLAN• Security

15 June 2004 29

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Four scenarios have been identified for the WLANInterworking capability.– Scenario 1: Common Billing and Customer Care– Scenario 2: 3GPP2 System Based Access Control– Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP2 Packet Data Services via the

WLAN System– Scenario 4: Session Continuity

15 June 2004 30

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Phase 1 Efforts in 3GPP2 will focus on Scenarios 1and 2.

• WLAN Interworking Requirements DocumentS.P0087 is under review and comment

• Stage 2 and Stage 3 text (X.P0028)is underdevelopment in 3GPP2 TSG-X WG3.1 with ascheduled completion of 2Q04.

15 June 2004 31

Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model

1

Internet

WLAN

Broker Netw ork(0 or more)

H-AAA

3GPP2Home Netw ork

2

Database

B-AAA

MS

2

W-AAA

3GPP2-WLAN Interworking Architecture for Scenario 2

15 June 2004 32

Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model

• H-AAA: AAA in a home 3GPP2 Network. Authenticates and Authorizesthe MS for access to the 3GPP2-WLAN interworking service.

• B-AAA: AAA in a broker network. An intermediate network between theWLAN and 3GPP2 home network. May be 0, 1 or more.

• W-AAA: The AAA in the WLAN, if available, interacts with the MS’s H-AAA server to authenticate and authorize the MS for WLAN access.

• Database - The database is in the MS’s 3GPP2 home network whereauthentication and subscriber service profile information is stored.

• WLAN: The Wireless Local Area Network supports 802.11 types ofaccesses. It may support 802.1x and/or 802.11i. The topology of the WLANis outside the scope of a 3GPP2 specification.

15 June 2004 33

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Work is currently focused on choosing anAuthentication and Key bootstrapping method forAuthentication of a mobile accessing a WLAN andauthenticated by a 3GPP2 system.

• Several authentication methods using EAP are underconsideration as well as several keying methods.

15 June 2004 34

Network Security

• MMD Security Architecture– Several Layers of Security

• Access Network• Packet Data Network• Mobile IP (if used)• MMD Security Association MS to P-CSCF (TLS, Digest, IPSec)• End-to-end Security (optional, not specified)

– MMD Security also includes network interfaces (CSCF-AAA)

15 June 2004 35

Network Security

• MMD Security Architecture

MobileStation BSC/PCF PDSN CSCFHome Agent

MIP MN-HA Authentication (Mobile IP)

CHAP (Simple IP) / MIP FAC (Mobile IP)

CAVE / AKA

IMS Security Association

AAA

AAA

IMSI

NAI

NAI

IMPU

Auth.Center

Far-EndTerminal

End-to-End Security Association (optional)