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Vocabulary
Sentence Construction
Sequence
Usage
Punctuation
CD-404219
Centered around Common Core State Standards, Common Core: Grammar Usage is designed to help students improve written and spoken language skills. Practice pages,student charts, graphic organizers, research challenges, discussion starters, games,group activities, and recommended reading lists enable students to practice skills usedin writing and speaking effectively. Skills covered include building an effective vocabulary,mastering complex sentence construction, utilizing tenses to clarify sequence, eliminatingcommon usage errors, and harnessing the power of punctuation.
4 Aligned with the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts
4 Includes glossary of specialized vocabulary, answer key, and standards matrix
4 Correlated to Common Core State, National, and Provincial standards. Visit www.carsondellosa.com for correlations.
Mark Twain Media/Carson-Dellosa Publishing LLC
P.O. Box 35665
Greensboro, NC 27425
www.carsondellosa.com
Practice Pages• Student Charts• Graphic Organizers• Research ChallengesDiscussion Starters•Writing Prompts• Games• Group Activities• Recommended Reading Lists
Visit learningspotlibrary.com for FREE activities!
GRADES6-8
Printed in the U.S.A.
CD-404219
ISBN978-1-62223-468-4
Common Core
GrammarUsage
AUTHOR: LindaArmstrongEDITORS: MaryDieterichandSarahM.AndersonPROOFREADER: MargaretBrown
COPYRIGHT©2014MarkTwainMedia,Inc.
PrintingNo.404219-EB
MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,PublishersDistributedbyCarson-DellosaPublishingLLC
Thepurchaseofthisbookentitlesthebuyertoreproducethestudentpagesforclassroomuseonly.OtherpermissionsmaybeobtainedbywritingMarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Visit us at www.carsondellosa.com
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
ii404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Table of Contents
TableofContents
iii Introduction:Grammar,Usage,and
Vocabulary
iv CommonCoreMatrixChart
1 ResourcesforTeachers
Editing
2 TheImportanceofEditing(Practice
Page/Pretest)
Vocabulary
3 ChoosingtheRightWord
4 Antonyms
5 ConfusingHomonyms
6 ConfusingHomonyms
7 MoreHomonyms
8 Synonym,Antonym,andHomonym
ScavengerHunt
9 BeyondMake,Do,andSee:Expressive
Verbs
10 PreciseNouns
11 WordRelationships:Analogies
12 ShadesofMeaning
13 GreekandLatinRoots
14 Affixes
15 WordsFromAroundtheWorld
16 PrivateLanguages:ResearchingJargon
andSlang
17 TechnicalVocabulary
18 PortmanteauWords
Sentence Construction
19 FragmentstoSentences
20 CompoundSentences
21 ComplexSentences
22 SentenceVariety
23 CompoundComplexSentences
24 DanglingModifiers
Agreement
25 ParallelConstruction
26 SubjectandVerbAgreement
27 ActiveandPassiveConstructions
28 TrickyPronouns
29 Possessives
30 Description
Usage
31 CommonUsageErrors
32 CommonUsageErrors
33 UsagePractice
34 CommonlyMisusedWords
Punctuation
35 Commas
36 Commas
37 TitlesandQuotations
38 OnYourMark,GetSet,Punctuate!
Opinion
39 AreUsage,Grammar,andVocabulary
Important?
Teacher Resources
40 WordandPhraseListsforExercises
andGames(TeacherResources)
41 GlossaryofTechnicalTerms
43 AnswerKeys
Introduction:Grammar,Usage,andVocabulary
Introduction: Grammar, Usage,and Vocabulary
Grammar,usage,andvocabularyaretheclothingofideas.Errors,inappropriateexpres-sions,orawkwardconstructionscandiscredit themostoriginal thoughts, themostheartfeltfeelings,andthemostvitalmessages.
ThisbookisdesignedtohelpstudentsmasterCommonCorelanguageskills.Guidedpracticepagesintroduceandreviewimportantconcepts.Mostexercisepagesincludediscus-sionsuggestionsandchallengesforindividualorsmallgroupexploration.Creativeskill-build-ersincludingresearchchallenges,graphicorganizers,andwritingpromptspushstudentstoapplynewmaterialandtothinkcriticallyabouttheideaspresented.
ThefirstsectionofCommon Core: Grammar Usagechallengesstudentstobuildpower-fulvocabularies.Exercisesprovidepracticewithsynonyms,antonyms,andhomonyms.Movingontohelpstudentsdevelopamoreeffectiveprosestyle,thebookencouragesbuddingauthorstoexplorelivelyverbs,precisenouns,andvividmodifiers.
Next,youngwordsmithshonetheirunderstandingofshadesofmeaningthroughanalo-gies,connotations,GreekandLatinroots,andaffixes.Exercisesalsocovertechnicalvocabu-laryusedbyprofessionalsinvariousfields,Portmanteauwords(motor+hotel=motel),andEnglishwordsborrowedfromotherlanguages.
Grammarpracticepagesreviewsentenceconstruction.Theyinvitestudentstotrans-formcontortedpassivesentencesintolivelier,moredirectversions.Exerciseshelpyoungwrit-erscombineindependentandsubordinateclauses.
ThelastpartofthebookcoverstheconventionsofStandardEnglishusage.Studentpagesreviewmisusedwords,danglingmodifiers,parallelconstruction,subjectandverbagree-ment,pronouns,possessives,andpunctuation.
Common Core: Grammar UsageispartofMarkTwainMedia’sCommon Coreseries,which focusesonhelpingstudentsmeet theCommonCoreStateStandards in theEnglishLanguageArts.Activitiesintheseriesoffermanyopportunitiesforwrittenresponse,andmostoftheinteractivepagesincludeDiscussionsuggestionsandChallenges.Thesearedesignedtoencouragecritical thinkingandcreativeproblemsolvingandto launchpersonalorgroupresearchprojects.
Foreasyuse,organizationalfeaturesintheCommon CoreseriesincludedetailedTablesofContents,CommonCorematrixcharts,andlistsofteacherresourcestohelpbusyeduca-torslocaterelevantmaterialsefficiently.Thebooksalsocontainstudentglossariesoftechnicaltermsandanswerkeysfortheworksheets.
TitlesintheCommon CoreseriesincludeElements of Literature, Conducting Research Projects, Complex Issues in Text, Types of Text,andGrammar Usage.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Common Core State Standards Matrix
©Copyright2010.NationalGovernorsAssociationCenterforBestPracticesandCouncilofChiefStateSchoolOfficers.Allrightreserved.FormoredetailsontheCommonCoreStateStandardsvisitwww.corestandards.org.
CommonCoreStateStandardsMatrix
English Language Arts Standards: Writing in History/Social Studies, Science
& Technical Subjects (WHST); College and Career Readiness Anchor
Standards for Language (CCRA)
Page
1 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,5,62 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.1,2,3,3 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.4,54 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,55 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,56 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,57 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,58 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,59 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,510 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,511 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,512 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,513 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.3,4,514 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,515 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,516 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,517 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,518 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.3,4,519 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6 CCRA.L.1,2,320 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3
English Language Arts Standards: Writing in History/Social Studies, Science
& Technical Subjects (WHST); College and Career Readiness Anchor
Standards for Language (CCRA)
Page
21 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,322 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,323 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,324 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,325 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,326 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,327 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,328 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,329 WHST.6-8.1.c,2.d,4,5;CCRA.L.330 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,331 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,332 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,333 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,534 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,535 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.236 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.237 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.238 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6;CCRA.L.239 WHST.6-8.1.a,1.b,1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,340 WHST.6-8.1.c,1.d,2.d,2.e,4,5,6; CCRA.L.1,2,3,4,5,641–42 CCRA.L.4,5,6
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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ResourcesforTeachers
Resources for Teachers
Books: •When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People: How to Avoid Common Errors in Englishby
AnnBatko •CliffsStudySolver™ English GrammarbyJeffCoghillandStacyMagedanz •Verbal Advantage: Ten Easy Steps to a Powerful VocabularybyCharlesHarringtonElster •Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for StudentsbyMignonFogarty •The Least You Should Know about Vocabulary Building: Word RootsbyCarolFriend,Laura
D.Knight,andTeresaFersterGlazier •The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists: Grades K-12,FifthEditionbyEdwardB.Fry,Ph.D.
andJacquelineE.Kress,Ed.D. •A Grammar Book for You and I (Oops, Me): All the Grammar You Need to Succeed in Life
byC.EdwardGood •Punctuation at Work: Simple Principles for Achieving Clarity and Good StylebyRichard
Lauchman •The Writer’s Digest Grammar Desk ReferencebyGaryLutzandDianeStevenson •The Best Little Grammar Book Ever!: 101 Ways to Impress With Your Writing and Speaking,
ArleneMiller •Children’s Writer’s Word Book,2ndEdition,AlijandraMogilner •Woe is I, The Grammarphobe’s Guide to Better English in Plain English, PatriciaT.O’Conner •Word Smart,5thEdition(SmartGuides)byThePrincetonReview •English Grammar for the Utterly ConfusedbyLaurieRozakis,Ph.D. •Errors in English and Ways to Correct ThembyHarryShaw •The Only Grammar Book You’ll Ever Need: A One-Stop Source for Every Writing Assign-
mentbySusanThurmanandLarryShea •Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to PunctuationbyLynneTruss
Websites •ASUCollegeofLiberalArtsandSciencesGrammarPracticeSheets <http://english.clas.asu.edu/enged-grammarpractice> •EnglishGrammarRulesandUsage.YourDictionary:TheDictionaryYouCanUnderstand, <http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/> •FreeTechnologyforTeachersbyRichardByrne:TenGrammarGamesandLessonResources <http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2009/08/ten-grammar-games-and-lesson-resources.
html> •GrammarGirl’sQuickandDirtyTips<http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/grammar-girl> •HowtoUseaSemicolonbyTheOatmeal<http://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolon> •NationalCouncilofTeachersofEnglish<http://www.ncte.org/> •NationalWritingProject:ImprovingWritingandLearningintheNation’sSchools <http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource_topic/teaching_writing> •PurdueOWL(OnlineWritingLab)<https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/> •TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill:TheWritingCenterHandouts <http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/>
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
TheImportanceofEditing
The Importance of Editing
Directions:Howmanyerrorscanyoufind?Circlethem.Thenanswerthequestions.
Ifuredthisinaemail,umitenothavethowtanythingwuzrong,butifufownditin
abook,uwoodwunderubowtit.Uwoodthinktheawthurdidn’tnowhathewuzdoing.
Evenifeverythinginthetekstiztroo,uprobablywoodnottrustit.
Whenu riteapaper it izagud idia to riteqwiklee.Udon’thav twoworryubowt
mistakes.Nobodywillcthatdrafteseptyou.Whenyoreidiasaredownonpaper,your
readytoprepairyourworkforotherz.
Usinguppropreutvocabulary,cleerpunctuation,andkorectspelingislikewaringthe
riteoutfitforanokashion.Youwoodnotwarepartyclosetothebeechorhikingcloseto
aweding.
1. Whydon’tyounoticegrammarandusageerrorsasmuchinemailsasyoudoinapub-
lishedarticleorareport?
2. Whatkindsofwrittencommunicationsareformalandrequirecarefulediting?Why?
3. Whyisitagoodideanottoworryabouterrorswhenwritingafirstdraft?
4. Howisinformalspeechdifferentfromformalspeech?Whenwouldyouuseeach?
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
ChoosingtheRightWord
Choosing the Right Word
Directions: Choosetwosynonymsforeachword.Writethemonthelines.Useadictionaryorthesaurusifnecessary.
1. able
2. delay
3. ask
4. remote
5. noise
6. hurry
7. sorry
8. end
9. learn
10. disaster
Synonyms secluded rush ascertain calamity postpone uproar regretful halt question distant capable terminate accelerate interrogate comprehend catastrophe penitent clamor competent procrastinate
Discuss:Whenwoulditbebettertousecan’t standinsteadofabhor?Why?Giveexamplesofothersituationsthatcallforinformalvocabulary.Whyisitimportanttoknowmorecomplex,specificwords?
Challenge:Chooseonesetofsynonyms.Writeasentenceforeachone.Howdoesthiswordchoiceaffectthemeaningofthesentence?
Game:Play Interrogation.Taking turnsaskingquestions, twoteamsorcontestantsviewithoneanothertobethefirsttoguessthewordonanindexcardheldbytheteacheroramodera-tor.Sample questions:Whatisasynonym?Whatisanantonym?Howmanysyllablesdoesithave?Whatisitspartofspeech?(Ifthereareseveral,themoderatoroffersone.)Thefirsttoguessholdsthecard.Thecontestantorteamwiththemostcardsattheendofthegamewins.Additionalsynonymscanbefoundonlineorinathesaurus.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
Antonyms
Antonyms
Directions: Drawlinestomatcheachwordwithitsopposite.Useadictionaryorthesaurusifnecessary.
1. agree
2. slender
3. formal
4. confident
5. entrance
6. friendship
7.modesty
8. focus
9.consecrate
10.wild
11. awake
12. similar
13. pristine
14. clumsy
15. sophisticated
Discuss:Whyareantonymsbetter thansynonyms fordefiningsomewords?Doallwordshaveantonyms?Canyouthinkofonethatdoesnot?
Challenge:Chooseapairofantonyms.Writesentencesshowingthemeaningofeachword.Combinesentenceswrittenbyfellowclassmemberstocreateanillustratedbookoranonlinequiz.
conceit
desecrate
diffident
digress
dilapidated
enmity
dissimilar
docile
casual
egress
callow
drowsy
graceful
contradict
corpulent
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
ConfusingHomonyms
Confusing Homonyms
Directions:Writethecorrectwordineachblank.
1. Allofuswenttothemoviesyesterday Terry.
accept except
2. Turninginthatreportlatewill yourgrade.
affect effect
3. Theoldman’sdaughterwashissole .
air heir
4. Theofficeisplanningto oneprojectortoeachtwoclassrooms.
a lot allot
5. Brittanyreadherfavoritepoem inEnglishclasstoday.
allowed aloud
6. Theschoolwillnotsell carbonateddrinks.
anymore any more
7. David’s toAnimal Farmimpressedourhistoryteacher.
illusion allusion
8. Brianmaintainsourclass andtheschoolonlinecalendar.
cite site sight
9. Paige,Kara’smost friend,wouldneversharethesecret.
discreet discrete
10. Theschoolisonlytwoblocks fromourhousethanthestore.
farther further
11. Ourneighbortriedto pennies,buthiswifetookthemtothebank.
horde hoard
12. Themountainmanlefta ofsuppliesinacave.
cash cache
Discuss:Isanunderstandingofhomonymsmoreimportantfororalorwrittenlanguage?Givereasonsforyouranswer.
Challenge:Writeasentenceforeachwordyoudidnotuse.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
ConfusingHomonyms
Confusing Homonyms
Directions: Writethebetterchoiceoneachline.
TonyandJack’seffortsto(1) discoveryhadan
(2) ontherelationships(3) their
friends.If(4) ,the(5) thatthey
hadsucceededin(6) deceptiondrovethemeven
(7) apart.A(8) eventwas
inevitable,butwhenithappened,itseemedtoariseoutofthin
(9) .
JackthoughthissisterDianewasmore(10)
thanshereallywas.WhenDianecaught(11) of
(12) (13) ofacademicaward
certificatesinhisdeskdrawer,sheputanendtotheir(14)
plans.Shemetthe(15) conspiratorsthenextmorningat
theschool(16) underthe(17) of
comradeship.She(18) toinformthemthattheywouldnot
be(19) tocontinuewiththeirplan.
Theydid(20) argue.
Discuss:Whatweretheboysgoingtodo?(Thereisnorightanswer.)Challenge:Writeastoryusingtheideasyoudiscussed.Includesomehomonymsfromthispage.
allude elude
illusion allusion
they’re their
any thing anything
among between affect effect
further farther climactic climatic
air heir
discreet discrete
sight site
there their cache cash
ingenuous ingenious
not knot
two to
gait gate guise guys
proceeded preceded
allowed aloud
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
7404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Name: Date:
MoreHomonyms
More Homonyms
Directions:Circlethewordthatbestfitseachmeaning.
1. nervous tense tents tear tier
2. bladepushedbywind vain vein vane vile
3. nasty vile vial vein vane
4. portableshelters tense tents tear tier
5. withwheels wield wheeled versus waiver
6. bloodvessels vain vein vane tense
7. lyrics versus verses rote waiver
8. typeofcontract tense tents waiver waver
9. against verses versus vial vile
10. distantpast you’re yore your rote
11. theyare their there they’re theirs
12. conceited vain vein vane tense
13. layer tear tier vile vial
14. repetition wrote waiver verses rote
15. brandish wield wheeled versus waiver
16. liquidinaneye tear tier vile vial
17. spiral-shaped whirled world whorled yore
18. torethinkadecision tense tents waiver waver
19. glassbottle vile vial vein vane
20. wayofwalking gate gait cede alter
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
Synonym,Antonym,andHomonymScavengerHunt
Synonym, Antonym, and Homonym Scavenger Hunt
Directions:Usethisorganizertogenerategroupsofsynonyms,antonyms,andhomonyms.Choosewordsfromatextbook,novel,play,orpoemyouarereading.Writethewordandiden-tifythesynonym,antonym,andhomonymforeachword.
Title:
Word Synonym Antonym Homonym
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
BeyondMake,Do,andSee:ExpressiveVerbs
Beyond Make, Do, and See: Expressive Verbs
Directions:Writeashortsentenceusingeachverb.Useadictionarytocheckthemeanings.
1. accomplish
2. challenge
3. contradict
4. destroy
5. exemplify
6. engage
7. expand
8. galvanize
9. manipulate
10. organize
11. observe
12. overcome
13. permeate
14. refute
15. resolve
16. replicate
17. verify
18. validate
Challenge:Reviewaselectionofyourownwriting.Circleeacham, are, was, is, have,andhad.Rewriteeachsentencesubstitutingamoreexpressiveverb.
9
Name: Date:
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
PreciseNouns
Precise Nouns
Directions: Writeatermfromtheboxthatdescribesalloftheprecisenounsineachset.
food doctor tree boat teacher shape seed road job vehicle cloth storm mistake building
1. street,lane,highway,freeway,interstate,tollroad,thoroughfare,path,byway,sideroad,boulevard,drive,motorway,thruway,expressway
2. shack,mansion,palace,apartment,high-rise,manor,cottage,cabin,villa,farmhouse,hut,bungalow,lodge,chalet,castle,abode,CapeCod,Victorian
3. work,occupation,career,profession,employment,trade,business,teller,clerk,CEO,plumber,electrician,grower,engineer,realtor
4. physician,pediatrician,surgeon,psychiatrist,internist,oncologist
5. tutor,instructor,trainer,coach,lecturer,professor,mentor
6. error, blunder, slip-up, oversight, lapse, blooper,inaccuracy,misprint,flaw,boo-boo
7. pine, oak, birch, cottonwood, aspen, evergreen,deciduous,palm,magnolia,eucalyptus
8. acorn,nut,grain,kernel,pit,bean,wheat,oat
9. outline,form,triangle,hexagon,pentagon,silhouette,profile,contour,circle,ring,loop,disk,square,quadrangle
10. car,sedan,coupe,convertible,van,truck,SUV,bus,sportscar,semi
11. wool,gabardine,cotton,argyle,acrylic,nylon,calico,muslin,linen,satin,silk,velvet,knit,seersucker,taffeta,canvas,terrycloth,twill,lace,velour
12. speedboat,paddleboat,steamship,oceanliner,schooner,sailboat,whaler,windjammer,gondola,canoe,freighter,ferry,cruiser,catamaran,clipper
13. hurricane,tornado,blizzard,cyclone,squall,tempest,thunderstorm,typhoon,derecho,gale,cloudburst
14. carrots,blueberries,chocolate,mint,lettuce,kale,watermelon, chicken,sardines,pizza,cheddar,yogurt,oatmeal,sourdough,onions
Discuss:Sharea short selection froma textbook, poem, short story, or novel.Encouragelistenerstonameanyprecisenounstheyhear.
Challenge:Selectapieceofyourownwriting.Circleallof thenouns.Replaceanyvague,generalnounswithmorepreciseorcolorfulequivalents.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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WordRelationships:Analogies
Word Relationships: Analogies
Directions:Circletherelationshipbetweenthesesetsofwords.
1. counterfeit:authentic::noxious:pleasant
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
2. placid:calm::knotty:complex
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
3. renown:renowned::fame:famous
synonyms antonyms clipped grammatical onomatopoeia
4. covert:overt::unlucky:lucky
synonyms antonyms clipped grammatical onomatopoeia
5. abhor:adore::hate:love
synonyms antonyms clipped grammatical onomatopoeia
6. cuke:cucumber::doc:doctor
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
7. fax:facsimile::memo:memorandum
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
8. email:electronicmail::cyborg:cyberneticorganism
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
9. lion:roar::bird:tweet
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
10. retract:repeal::repudiate:shun
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
11. cringe:flinch::bolster:support
synonyms antonyms clipped portmanteau onomatopoeia
12. celebrity:lackluster::conman:credible
synonyms antonyms member/group opposite characteristic
13. soldier:regiment::star:constellation
synonyms antonyms member/group portmanteau characteristic
14. trout:fish::poodle:dog
synonyms antonyms member/group portmanteau characteristic
15. rubber:pliable::iron:rigid
synonyms antonyms member/group portmanteau characteristic
Discuss:Motelisaportmanteauwordcombiningmotor+hotel.Photoisaclippedword,short-enedfromphotograph.Whyarewordsinvented?Canyouthinkofothers?Canyouthinkofanywordsthathavedisappearedovertheyears?Whydidtheyfadeaway?
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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ShadesofMeaning
Shades of Meaning
Directions:Writeawordfromeachsetundertheconnotationthatfitsitbest.Useadictionarytocheckthemeaningsofunfamiliarwords.
1. complex profound abstruse
2. austere plain orderly
3. determined steadfast obstinate
4. resignation acknowledgement acceptance
5. temporary evanescent short-lived
6. eliminate obliterate end
7. doggedness resolution firmness
8. pleasure-seeker degenerate epicure
9. flout contravene disobey
10. sweet honeyed saccharine
Positive Neutral Negative
Example: antique old antediluvian
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Challenge:Lookuptheoriginandmeaningofmalapropism.Keepalistofmalapropismsyouencounter.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
GreekandLatinRoots
Greek and Latin Roots
Directions:Useadictionaryoronlineresourcetofindawordbuiltuponeachroot.
1. struct(build)2. tract(pull)3. hyper(over)4. fluxorflu(flow)5. dict(say)6. fractorfrag(break)7. inter(between)8. peri(around)9. gradorgress(step)10. hydr(water)11. ject(throwortoss)12. graph(write)13. ambu(walk)14. hab/hib(hold)15. imag(likeness)
Directions:Use themeaningsof roots toguess themeaningsof thesewords.Checkyourguesseswiththedictionary.
16. philanthropist:phil(love)+anthro(man)17. philosopher:soph(wisdom)18. bibliophile:biblio(book)19. bibliography:graph(write)20. phonograph:phono(sound)21. phonocardiograph:cardio(heart)22. cardiologist:logy(originallytospeak,nowtostudy)23. anthropologist:anthro(man)24. biology:bio(life)25. antibiotic:anti(against)
Discuss:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthewordsophomoreandthemeaningoftherootsoph?Whatdoyouthinkaboutthewisdomofsophomores?
Challenge:Usingonlinesoftware,generateacrosswordpuzzleusingwordsbasedonGreekorLatinroots.Usesynonyms,antonyms,orshortdefinitionsasclues.Here’sasitetotry:http://www.puzzle-maker.com/CW/
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Affixes
Affixes
Directions:Checkthemeaningsoftheprefixes,suffixes,androotsinadictionary.Thencirclethecorrectmeaningofeachword.
1. misogynist(mis+gyn+ist) a. aboywholovesgym b. apersonwhohateswomen c. adessertwithberries
2. amiable(ami+able) a. abletobeafriend b. abletoshootaccurately c. abletowanderfreely
3. resurgent(re+surg+ent) a. toperformsurgeryagain b. thesecondwaveinaseries c. risingupagain
4. antipathy(anti+path+y) a. astrongfeelingagainstsomeone b. apathleadingdownhill c. anallergytotrails
5. contraindicate(contra+in+dic+ate)a. tostartawaragainstadictator b. partofadance c. toadviseagainstsomething
6. infrasonic(infra+son+ic) a. soundsbelowthehumanhearingrange b. loud c. soundsabovethehumanhearingrange
7. intradermal(intra+derm+al) a. betweentwoteeth b. withinskinlayers c. tobrushteethwell
8. intramural(intra+mur+al) a. withinschoolwalls b. tolookbetween c. apainting
9. diurnal(diu+al) a. adyedvase b. anEgyptianfuneraryurn c. activeoropeninthedaytime
10. solvency(solv+ency) a. conditionofhavingcash b. acoronation c. anagencythatsolvesproblems
More Practice:Writefivewordsusingsomeofthefollowingprefixesorsuffixes.
Common Suffixes:-er, -est, -en, -ness, -ain, -ed, -ist, -y, -less, -ic, -ing, -ion, -ive, -ful, -or, -ion, -able, -ible, -al, -ial, -ment, -ious
Common Prefixes:mis-, un-, non-, dis-, re-, sub-, multi-, trans-, ad-, contra-, ex-, infra-, inter-, intra-, semi-
Discuss:Whichsuffixesaremostcommonlyusedwithadjectives,nouns,orverbs?Howcanthisobservationhelpyouunderstandwordmeanings?
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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WordsFromAroundtheWorld
Words From Around the World
Directions: Writethewordthatfitseachclue.
typhoon depot chagrin ketchup zero calico robot monsoon entourage maelstrom cello bizarre juggernaut coffee banana
1. ACzechwordmeaningamechanicaldevicethatcanbeprogrammedtoperformtasks
2. AwordfromDutchmeaningaturbulentorviolentsituation
3. AwordfromChinesemeaningatropicalstormwithhighwinds
4. AwordfromChinesemeaningathicktomatosauce
5. AwordfromAfricanamingatropicalfruitwithathickyellowpeel
6. AwordfromArabicforapopularhotdrink
7. AwordfromArabicfortheheavyrainsoflatesummer
8. AwordfromArabicforanumberthatsignifiesnothing
9. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansverypeculiar
10. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansafeelingofhumiliationafteradisappointingevent
11. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansastation
12. AwordfromFrenchthatmeansagroupofpeoplefollowingace-
lebrity
13. AwordfromHindiforakindofcloththatwaspopularwithsettlers
intheOldWest
14. AwordfromHindithatmeansanunfeeling,unstoppablenegative
force
15. AnItalianwordforalargestringedinstrument
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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PrivateLanguages:ResearchingJargonandSlang
Private Languages: Researching Jargon and Slang
Directions: Useonlineortextreferencestofindthemeaningofeachpoliticalterm.
1. bipartisanship
2. bullypulpit
3. campaign
4. caucus
5. coattails
6. lameduck
7. convention
8. darkhorse
9. delegate
10. filibuster
11. gerrymander
12. GOP
13. insidethebeltway
14. left-orright-wing
15. tolobby
16. photo-op
17. porkbarrel
18. pundit
19. slate
Discuss:Whataretheadvantagesofaspecial language?Whatarethedisadvantages?Adialectisaspeciallanguageforacity,state,orregion.Canyouthinkofanyexamplesofwordsthatbelongtoaregionaldialect?Canyounameabookorstorythatusesregionaldialect?
Challenge:Createadictionaryofjargonandslangusedbyoneofthefollowinggroups:
yourparentsasteenagers yourgrandparentsasteenagers classmates aparticularsport broadcastingorthefilmindustry journalism constructionindustry firefighting medicine legalprofession policeormilitary education plumbersorelectricians architecture transportation
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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TechnicalVocabulary
Technical Vocabulary
Social Studies resources economy empire culture feudalism transportation producers supply ethnic executive capitalresources civilization colony landforms
Science mutualism respiration lightyear lithosphere crystal invertebrates atmosphere atom mantle asteroid vertebrates function galaxy igneous
Directions: Writeawordfromoneofthelistsaboveineachblank.
1. TheRoman surroundedtheMediterraneanSea.
2. Lords,vassals,andfiefswerepartof during the
MiddleAges.
3. About 20,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay
inthe1630s.
4. Western beganinavalley
betweentheTigrisandEuphratesrivers.
5. Animalswithbackbonesarecalled .
6. Rocksthatcoolfromsuperheatedmagmaare .
7. Apluralisticsocietyincludesmany groups.
8. Plains,valleys,foothills,andmesasareexamplesof .
9. Freshwater,air,oil,andmineralsareexamplesofnatural .
10. Earth’s includesseverallayersincludingthetropo-
sphereandthestratosphere.
11. Human involvesinhalingandexhaling.
12. Whentwospeciesdependononeanotheritiscalled .
13. The three branches of our government are the legislative, the judicial, and the
.
14. Our istheMilkyWay.
15. Railroads,airlinesandhighwaysarepartsofour
system.
Discuss:Whyisitimportanttoknowanduseprecisetechnicalvocabulary?
Challenge:Createapersonalscienceorsocialstudiesdictionary.Keeptrackofnewwordsasyouencounterthem.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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PortmanteauWords
Portmanteau Words
Directions: Ontheline,writetheportmanteauwordthatmatcheseachorigin.
1. (breath+analyzer)
2. (camera+recorder)
3. (cinema+complex)
4. (day’s+eye)
5. (flutter+hurry)
6. (fourteen+night)
7. (gleam+shimmer)
8. (God+be[with]+ye)
9. (haggle+tussle)
10. (international+network)
11. (motor+hotel)
12. (outside+patient)
13. (pain+sting)
14. (picture+element)
15. (melt+weld)
16. (scribble+sprawl)
17. (sea+landscape)
18. (situation+comedy)
19. (smoke+fog)
20. (goo+slop)
21. (emotion+icon)
22. (breakfast+lunch)
emoticon sitcom pixel seascape daisy glimmer
motel camcorder cineplex outpatient smog meld
pang glop fortnight breathalyzer goodbye Internet
scrawl flurry hassle brunch
Discuss:Why were these words invented? Can you think of something that needs to benamed?Challenge:Writeaparagraphusingasmanyofthesewordsaspossible.Itwillprobablybesilly.Shareyourcreationswiththegroup.Class Book:Createanillustrateddictionaryofinventedwords.Forexample,youmightgener-ateatermforsomeonewhoborrowsthingsorsomeonewhoisalwayslate.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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FragmentstoSentences
Fragments to Sentences
Directions:Revisethesesentencefragmentstomakecompletesentences.
1. Theancienttreesseemingtotouchthedriftingwhitecloudsinthebluesummersky.
2. Aftertheconfusedandterrifiedpuppydashedacrossthebusystreet.
3. Sevenbabysparrowsflutteringaroundthebirdfeederaftertherainstopped.
4. Thetable,groaningunderitsburdenofpotatosalad,slicedroastbeef,cornonthecob,
barbecuedchickenwings,andwatermelon.
5. Thecircustigerpacinginhisornatecage.
6. Beforetherace,therunnerswarmingupinthepark.
7. Betweenthelibraryandthegrocerystore.
8. Fillingwithwaterduringrainstorms,thebattlefieldtrenchesduringWorldWarI.
9. Becausewaterexpandswhenitfreezes.
10. Wheneverawolfhowledinthenearbyforest.
11. Beyondthewheatfieldattheedgeoftown.
12. Underabridgespanningthemuddyriver.
Discuss:Whatisthedifferencebetweenafragmentandasentence?
Challenge:Expandoneoftherevisedsentencesintoaparagraphorastory.
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CompoundSentences
Compound Sentences
Directions:Underlinetheindependentclauses.Circlethecoordinatingconjunctions
1. Aquariusisawatercarrier,andancientEgyptiansassociatedtheNile’sannualfloodswithhisconstellation.
2. SomepeoplewantedGeorgeWashingtontoremaininpower,buthedeclined.
3. Thepriceofaproductdependsonthesupply,butitisalsocontingentuponthedemand.
4. Ananimalmaybecomeextinct,oritmayadapttochangesintheenvironment.
5. ThousandsofPuritansleftEngland,andtheyformedcoloniesinAmerica.
6. TheSonsofLibertyboardedships,andtheydumpedchestsofteaintotheharbor.
7. TheLeagueofNationsfirstmetin1920,anditdissolvedin1946.
8. Plateausarerelativelyflat,butmountainshavesteeporslopingsides.
9. Literacyenablescitizenstoreadaboutissues,anditencouragesthemtoshareopinions.
10. Ournation’sgovernmenthasthreebranches,andeachbranchhasdifferentresponsibilities.
11. TheUnionPacificRailroadbuilttrackwestwardfromCouncilBluffs,and the Central Pacific built track eastward from Sacramento.
12. FrancesoldtheLouisianaTerritorytotheUnitedStates,andthetreatywassignedonApril30,1803.
Writeacompoundsentenceforeachcoordinatingconjunction.
and:
but:
or:
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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ComplexSentences
Complex Sentences
Directions:Underlineeachdependentclause.Circleeachsubordinatingconjunction.
1. AttheGeysersinCalifornia,15geothermalpowerplantsproducecleanelectricity.
2. Karliwillcomewhenshefinishesherhomework.
3. Mr.Carlsonistheonlyoneonourblockwhodoesnothaveadog.
4. Thevirus,whichisnewtoourarea,hascausedmanyillnesses.
5. NobodyknowswhyAndrewissolate.
6. Mia,whoisthemosttalentedartistinourclass,isdesigningtheposter.
7. Theroomwherethecommitteemeetsisonthesecondfloor.
8. Thegirlwhointroduceduswasmybestfriend.
Directions:Usethesubordinatingconjunctiontoaddadependentclausetoeachsimplesen-tence,creatingacomplexsentence
9. although:Ethanmadetheteam.
10. because:Laurencouldn’tgoonthetrip.
11. until:Jonathanhadtowait.
12. unless:Alexandrawon’tcome.
Discuss:What isasubordinate?Whyareconjunctions likeafter, how, although, if, unless, until, because, since, and whilecalledsubordinatingconjunctions?
Challenge:Findasimplesentence,acompoundsentence,andacomplexsentenceinastoryortextbook.Whatistheadvantageofeachtypeofsentence?
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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SentenceVariety
Sentence Variety
Directions:Rewriteeachsentencebychangingtheorderofthedependentandindependentclauses.Youmighthavetosubstitutenamesforpronouns.
Example: 1. AfterTerryspentasummerworkingat thecityaquarium,shedecidedshewanted to
studymarinebiology. Terrydecidedshewantedtostudymarinebiologyaftershespentasummerworkingat
thecityaquarium
2. Whensedimentaryorigneousrocksareexposedtoheatandpressure,theychangeintometamorphicrocks.
3. Homemechanicspolluteriverswhentheydumpusedoilonthegroundbecauseitwashesintostormdrains.
4. Timrecordedthelevelofwaterinhisbackyardraingaugeafterthestormended.
5. ThepupilsofJake’seyescontractedwhenhesteppedoutintothebrightsunlight.
6. MikeandhisfriendscampedinthebackyardinordertoseethePerseidmeteorshower,
Discuss:Whatissentencevariety?Whyisitimportant?Howcanspottingindependentclaus-eshelpyoucreatemoreinterestingsentences?
Challenge:Changetheorderofclausesinasentencefromatextorstory.Whichversionisbetter?Why?
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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CompoundComplexSentences
Compound Complex Sentences
Directions:Rearrangetheclausesineachsentence,creatingtwoadditionalversions.
1. Afterthedambroke,waterrusheddownthevalley,andthetorrentwashedtownsaway.
a.
b.
2. OncethetelegraphmadesendingmessagestotheWestCoasteasy,thePonyExpresswasnolongernecessary,anditwentoutofbusiness.
a.
b.
3.Because the praying mantis was so well camouflaged, thegrasshopperdidnotseeit,andthepredatorsecureditsmeal.
a.
b.
4. Afterthefault’sinitialmovement,seismicwavesspreadoutlikewavesinapond,andthegroundshook.
a.
b.
5. Nowthatthewildfiresareundercontrol,theroadshavereopened,andthetownisalmostbacktonormal.
a.
b.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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DanglingModifiers
Dangling Modifiers
Directions: Thesesentencesdon’tmakesense.Revisethem.Thefirstoneisdoneforyou.
1. Aftergettinguplate,thecarwouldn’tstart.(This says the car got up late.) Sample revisions: After getting up late, Vicky couldn’t start her car. or Vicky couldn’t start
her car after she got up late. or Vicky’s car wouldn’t start after she got up late.
2. Beforetakingattendance,firealarmbellsstartedringing.
3. Whilegettingreadyforschool,thephonerang.
4. Lookingatthecalendar,thescienceprojectwouldneverbefinishedontime.
5. Whilecrossingthestreet,agreatideadawned.
6. Oncesettledintotheseat,pasturesandfieldsflashedbythepassengercar’swindow.
7. Afterswingingintothesaddle,thehorseimmediatelybrokeintoagallop.
8. Beforeprintingoutthereport,thedogracedbyandknockedthelaptoponthefloor.
Discuss:Eachoftheseexamplesisridiculous.Explainwhy.
Challenge:Writeasentencewithadanglingmodifier.Combineyourexamplewithothersfromyourclasstocreateanonlinequiz.
ParallelConstruction
Parallel Construction
Directions:Ineachseries,circlethewordorphrasethatisnotanobjectoftheverb.Rewritethesentenceusingadifferentverbforeachitemintheseries.
Example:Iambakingcupcakes,apie,andwashingthedishes.Revised:Iambakingcupcakes,makingapie,andwashingthedishes.
1. YesterdayIboughtshoes,avideogame,andmetmyfriendatthemall.
2. Weatesandwiches,apples,andshotafewbasketsinthepark.
3. Victordrankabottleofwater,aglassoflemonade,andateabagofchips.
4. SaraandEmilyfinishedthemathproblems,thehistoryquestions,andtookabreaktowatchamovieoncable.
5. Jasonearnedmoneyformowinglawns,collectingaluminumcans,andhewashedthreecars.
6. Thewindsdestroyedourtree,ourfence,andkeptusawakeallnight.
7. Thecomputerkepttrackofourappointments,ourassignments,andmadewritingreportseasier.
8. Peoplewerebuyingbatteries,bottledwater,cannedfoods,andlookingatgenerators.
9. IamgoingtocallJacob,Brittany,Tyler,andgrabaquicklunch.
10. Marcus is collecting igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and looking for metamorphicrocks.
Discuss:Whatisthedifferencebetweenarun-onsentenceandasentencethatdoesnotuseparallelconstructioncorrectly?Whyisitagoodideatoavoidboth?Challenge:Compilealistofactiveverbstousewhenrevisingsentences.
CommonCore:ComplexIssuesinText
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CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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SubjectandVerbAgreement
Subject and Verb Agreement
Directions:Circlethecorrectverbform.
1. Boththedogandthecat(like/likes)thespotneartheheater.
2. Eithertheroadontheleftortheoneontheright(lead/leads)toMidlandCity.
3. Manyboys(enjoy/enjoys)footballorbaseball.
4. Women(hold/holds)anincreasingnumberofjobsinprofessionssuchasmedicineand
law.
5. History(teach/teaches)thateventhegreatestempiresriseandfall.
6. Oneofthemostprominentbranchesofgovernment(is/are)theExecutiveBranch.
7. Bothsupplyanddemand(is/are)importantforthedeterminationofprices.
8. Airlines(is/are)animportantpartofourtransportationsystem.
9. TheInternet(become/becomes)moreinfluentialeveryday.
10. Terry’sblog(reach/reaches)hundredsofpeopleperweek.
11. Neitheralizardnorarabbit(has/have)wings.
12. Theeveningnews(is/are)ontelevisionat6 p.m.
13. Macaroniandcheese(taste/tastes)deliciousonacoldwinternight.
14. “TheJumblies”(is/are)afamousnonsenseversebyEdwardLear.
15. EitherJeremyorhistwosisters(is/are)comingtothepartyonSaturday.
16. Everybody(expect/expects)ourteamtowintonight.
17. People(know/knows)thattherumorisn’ttrue.
18. Few(understand/understands)thatdifficultequation.
19. Neither(make/makes)sensetome.
20. Several(arrive/arrives)lateeverymorning.
Discuss:Whyisithardtochoosethecorrectverbformsforsomeofthesesentences?Challenge:Changethesubjectofeachsentencetomaketheunselectedverbformcorrect. Example: 12. Many shows are on television at 6 p.m.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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ActiveandPassiveConstructions
Active and Passive Constructions
Directions:Changeeachpassivesentencetoanactiveconstruction.
Example: Passive:TheswimmingtrophywaswonbyLeon. Active: Leonwontheswimmingtrophy.
1. Theroadwasbuiltbytwocrewsinasinglenight.
2. Thestreetswerefloodedbymuddywatersflowingoverthetopofthedam.
3. TheTigerswerebeatenbytheLionsinovertime.
4. FortSumterwasfireduponbySouthCarolina,aConfederatestate,inApril1861.
5. Sedimentaryrocksareformedbytheaccumulationofsand,silt,orgravelinlayers.
6. Thesignalfirewasspottedbyrescuers.
7. Theboysweresavedbythesuppliestheyhadcarriedwiththem.
8. ThosenewsletterswerestapledandfoldedbyAnnemarieandChloe.
9. Allthefoodwaseatenbyyourdogs.
10. Thebestquestionswereaskedbythestudentsinthisroom.
11. Thedroughtwasbrokenbytorrentialmonsoonalrains.
12. Therabbitwaschasedbyahungryfox.
Discuss:Modernwriterspreferactiveconstructions.Why?
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TrickyPronouns
Tricky Pronouns
Directions:Underlineanyincorrectorunclearpronouns.Rewritethesentences.
Example: Incorrect: JasonsawKellyandIatthefair. Correct: JasonsawKellyandmeandthefair. (Think: He saw Kelly, and he saw me.)
1. MyunclegavethebooktoherandI.
2. Himandmewenttothemountainswithmydad.
3. TowhoamIspeaking?
4. WhosecomingtothepartyonFridaynight?
5. Himandhersaidyouwouldhelpuswiththereport.
6. Thehouseonthehillhadastonechimneyuntilitfelldown.
7. AnnawasalittletallerthanEmily,butshehadlongerarms.
8. DavidcouldthrowtheballharderthanIsaiah,buthewasmoreaccurate.
9. Badgradesirritatemyparents,andIavoidthemifIcan.
10. WhenMomdrovemetoschool,itstalled.
11. Saraharrivedatcampusthismorning,anditwasopen.
12. Thebearwhoturnedoverthegarbagecanlastnightmayreturn.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Possessives
Possessives
Directions:Writethecorrectpossessiveformoneachline.
1. The baggagewastooheavy,andhehadtopayanextrafee.
mans mans’ man’s
2. The bedroomsmelledoffreshpaint.
childrens childrens’ children’s
3. Thesquirrelalmostlost stashofseedsandnuts.
its it’s its’
4. Theboyslost lastchancetocapturethechampionship.
they’re theyre’ their
5. Thievesstoleallofthe saddlesduringthenight.
horses horse’s horses’
6. Thosebinders,textbooks,andpencilsare .
ours our’s ours’
7. Thewomanclaimedthatthecarwas .
hers her’s hers’
8. backpackisgettingwetintherain.
Someones Someone’s Someones’
9. Our screensallfailedatonce.
laptops laptop’s laptops’
10. Both bicycleswerebroken.
brothers brother’s brothers’
Discuss:Whydoesn’tthepossessivepronounitscontainanapostrophe?Somepeoplethinkitshould.Doyouagreewiththem?Whyorwhynot?
Challenge:Findfivedifferentpossessivesinatextorstory.Aretheysingularorplural?Aretheynounsorpronouns?
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CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Description
Description
Describeafamiliarplaceontheschoolcampus.Includesensorydetailsandsimiles.Class-matesshouldbeabletorecognizethelocale.
Describehowtodosomething.Uselivelyverbs.
Adjectivesdescribepeople,places,orthings.Theyincludecolorwords,sizewords,tempera-turewords,andmore.List10adjectives.
Adverbsdescribehow, when,orwhereactionsaredone.Manyadverbsendwith-ly.Example:slowly.Write10adverbs.
Discuss: Inastoryor textbook,findaparagraph thatdescribesaperson,place, thing,orevent.Shareyourselectionwiththegroup.Pointoutwords,phrases,anddetailsthatmaketheitemortheactionclear.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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CommonUsageErrors
Common Usage Errors
Directions: Rewritethesentencestocorrecttheerrors.
1. NeitherLogannorHunterwereabletohittheballinyesterday’sbiggame.
2. First,Momwon’tletmecomeandb.Idon’tevenlikeJennaandlastIdon’thavetransportation.
3. Notonlydidheforgetmybirthday,helostmyhousekeys.
4. Ontheonehand,Rachelhasbeenmybestfriendsincekindergarten,butIcannotignorethewayshetreatedmelastnight.
5. Asmuchthathewantstogoonthetrip,hewillhavetostayhome.
6. ThereasonKylewontheracewasbecausehepracticed.
7. Eitherfollowthedirectionsorelsefindanothercommittee.
8. EitherlookupthebattleontheInternetormaybetrytofindanarticleaboutitintheency-clopedia.
9. Ican’tclimbthefenceorunlockthegate,neither.
10. Hedidn’tstudyforthemathexam,butalsohearrivedtenminuteslateforclass.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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CommonUsageErrors
Common Usage Errors
Directions:Writethecorrectchoiceontheline.
1. Connorismuch thanTyler.
more taller taller tallest
2. Vanessaisthe ofthetwoactors,andIhopethedirectorchoosesher.
more better better best
3. Fivecontestantstriedout,butonlythe runnertookpartintherace.
more better better best
4. Ofallthefoodsyoucouldhavechosen,thatcreampuffseems healthful.
much less less the least
5. Dadalwaysinsistedupondrivingalittle beforestoppingatamotel.
far farther further
6. Elijacalculatedthe ofgamestheyneededtowintomaketheplayoffs.
number amount numbers
7. Amandaentered paintinginthetown’sshow.
the most unique the least unique a unique
8. Christopher’sscorewas .
the most perfect perfect more perfect than Sam’s
9. ZoegaveMichellethe complimentwhenshefollowedherexample.
ultimate penultimate most malicious
10. TheConfederacy’sresourceswere .
not infinite more infinite than the Union’s less infinite than they had hoped
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UsagePractice
Usage Practice
Directions: Rewriteeachcolloquialsentencetomakeitclearerandformallycorrect.
1. Thatchiliisplentyhot,sobecareful.
2. Iwillneveragreetothatargument.
3. Giraffesdifferwithantelopesinmanyways.
4. Williamagreedtotherestoftheteamabouttheirneedformorepractice.
5. Paige,whereareyouat?
6. Stephaniehaddozensofquestionsastothenatureoftheassignment.
7. Thecharitywalkcollectedthousandsofdollarsplusithelpedthehealthofparticipants.
8. Wewillreschedulethefestivalintheeventthatitrains.
9. OwingtothefactthatIwassicklastweek,Iwillbeturningmyreportinlate.
10. Procrastinationiswhereyouputsomethingoffuntilthelastminute.
11. Becausespeedisimportant,newsmediasometimesissuesinaccuratereports.
12. JuliaandConnorarealumnisofWestRiverHigh.
Discussion:Weallusesentencesliketheseinconversation.Peopleusuallyunderstandwhatwemean,buttheseconstructionsarenotformallycorrect.Howdoesthetoneofasentenceaffectitsmeaning?Whenwouldthismatter?
Challenge:Collectasmanycolloquialphrasesaspossiblethisweek.Lookuptheiroriginsinareferencebookoronline.Someofthemarecommonincertainpartsofthecountry.Variationssuchasthesearecalledregionaldialects.CanyouthinkofanyphrasesthatmakeyouthinkofNewYork,Chicago,orDallas?TrytheDialectMapofU.S.ontheInternet.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
CommonlyMisusedWords
Commonly Misused Words
Directions:Circlethewordthatbelongsineachblank.
1. Savannahrefusedto defeat. except accept expect
2. Thomaswouldn’taccept fromanyone. advice advise advised
3. HisteacheradvisedAnthonytotakeanother withhisreport,sincehiscurrentapproachwasn’tworking.
tacked tack tact
4. Yourconclusionsdon’t withtheevidenceyouhavepresented. jive jibe jib
5. A roadledthroughaspengrovestoamountainlake. tortured torturous tortuous
6. Herfather’s inventionchangedtheworldovernight. ingenuous ingenious engendered
7. conditionscanvaryfromyeartoyear. Climatic Climactic Climacteric
8. Trinitycould comewithus,butsheneededtohelphermom. have of had
9. Didthethiefinthemovie capture? elude elucidate allude
10. Anumberof musiciansattendedadinnerattheWhiteHouse. imminent eminent immense
11. Mattsat Benonthebusthismorning. beside besides between
12. Onebadtesthadno effectsonJustin’sfinalgradeintheclass. averse adverse advertise
13. A(n) reportwasissuedeachJanuaryandeachJuly. annual biennial biannual
Discuss:Whichofthesewordshaveyouconfusedinthepast?Shareatrickforrememberingitscorrectusage.Challenge:Lookupthesourceofthewordmalapropism.Collectexamples.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
35404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Name: Date:
Commas
Commas
Directions: Addcommaswhereneeded.
1. Ricktrustedonlyonefriendhisdog.
2. IwonderedcouldIreallyearnenoughmoneytopayforthetrip.
3. “Don’teverforgetthat”saidTony.
4. “Iwon’tcrossthatriver”saidNicole“unlessIhaveto.”
5. Afterspillingfromthecalderaofaneruptingvolcanomolten
lavapoursdownthesideoftheconeinaglowingriver.
6. ThePuritansafterarrivingatPlymouthgavethanksforasuccessfuljourney.
7. HenryFordwhilestillachildwasfascinatedbymachines.
8. Alexalovesbooksaboutfrogslizardsandsnakes.
9. Calebspenthissummerswimminghikingbikingandplayingbasketball.
10. Idon’twanttogotothemoonjumpoutofanairplaneorclimbMt.Everest.
11. “Iheardthat”saidBrianna“butI’llpretendIdidn’t.”
12. “Iwillplanthebikeroutecalltwopeopleandpacklunches”saidLisa“buttherestisupto
you.”
13. TheplayoffswillbeginonMay222016.
14. AmeliaEarhartwhiletryingtoflyaroundtheworlddisappearedwithoutatrace.
15. Mompromisedtobuypaperpencilsandfolders.
Discuss: Read one of these sentences aloud. How do commas help you understand themeaningofthesentence?
Challenge:Writeasentencethatincludesaseries,aquotation,andadate.Expandyoursen-tenceintoablogpost.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
36404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Name: Date:
Commas
Commas
Directions: Ineachsentence,circlethecommathatdoesnotbelong.
1. Astooped,weary,haggardold,manwatchedusfromtheporch.
2. Thestill,clear,icywatersofthelakereflectedthecloudless,sky.
3. Ethan’s,successwasduetopractice,nottoluck.
4. Instead,ofRyan,Jennawasstandingatthedoor.
5. Joseph,however,willnotarriveuntilnext,Saturday.
6. Youwill,I,believe,makeyourdreamscometrue.
7. Sam,whoisthepresidentofourclub,willwrite,alettertotheprincipal.
8. Thegirlwhoisinchargeofourcommitteewillsendeach,ofusacopyofthenotes.
9. AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnited,States,wasassassinated.
10. Aaron,will,youpleasestand?
11. DanielPierson,M.D.,willspeaktousonThursday,evening.
12. Sofia,willbemovingtoLosAngeles,California,onSeptember28,2015.
13. TylertoldMatthewouldmeethimatthepark,butMattdidn’thearhim,sohedidn’tshow,up.
14. BecauseTim,thepresident,ofourscienceclub,recommendedthebook,Iboughtit.
15. Mark,myolderbrother,willbegoingonatriptoWashington,withhisclass.
Discuss:Howcanextracommasbeconfusing?Giveanexample.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
TitlesandQuotations
Titles and Quotations
Directions:Rewriteeachsentencetoincludetheproperpunctuationforeachtitleorquota-tion,andfixanylettersthatshouldbecapitalized.
1. westudiedrobertfrost’spoemstoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyeveninginenglishclass.
2. Iread“Theoriginsofthecivilwar”inTheAmericanAdventurelastnight.
3. MyfavoriteshortstoryisThemostdangerousgamebyrichardconnell.
4. Evanlovesmythologyandepicpoems,especiallyTheIliadandTheOdyssey.
5. Thefilmwherethewildthingsarewasbasedonapicturebookbymauricesendak.
6. Thefilmholeswasbasedonayoungadultnovelbylouissachar.
7. Thenina,Thepinta,andThesantamariasailedfromSpaininAugust1492.
8. garrisonkeillor’sradioprogramTheWriter’sAlmanacfeaturespoetryselections.
9. Amandasaid,mr.Reedjustannounced,YourpapersaredueonMonday.Canyoubelieve
that?
10. IWanttoholdyourhandwasafamoussongbyThe
Beatles.
Discuss:Whyarethetitlesofstoriesandbookspunctuateddifferently?Woulditbebetterorworseifalltitleswerepunctuatedthesameway?Givereasonsforyouranswer.
Challenge:Listyourfavoriteshortstory,poem,bookchapter,magazinearticle,movie,play,andnovelalongwiththeauthorofeach.Usethecorrectpunctuation.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
OnYourMark,GetSet,Punctuate!
On Your Mark, Get Set, Punctuate!
Directions: Writethelettersforusesofeachpunctuationmarkintheappropriatecolumn.
Comma , Semicolon ; Colon : Parentheses ( )
Usesa. betweenseriesitemscontainingnootherpunctuationb. betweenindependentclausesnotjoinedbyaconjunctionc. afteranintroductorywordorwhenaddressingsomeonedirectlyd. betweenthenameofacityandastatee. tobeginalistf. toseparatehoursfromminutesandminutesfromsecondsg. tosetoffanonrestrictivewordorphraseinthemiddleofasentenceh. afteranintroductoryclausei. toenclosethenumberdesignatingatestquestionj. tosetoffthesubtitleofabookk. betweenitemsinaseriesifsomeofthemcontaincommasorotherpunctuationl. tosetoffansafterawordthatcouldbeeithersingularorpluralm.toshowtheorderofoperationsinmathematicalequationsn. tosetoffadditionalinformationortosetoffashortdefinitiono. tosetoffanindependentclausethataddsinformationp. tointroduceacharacter’sdialogueinaplayscript
Discuss:Thereismorethanonewaytoseparatetwoindependentclauses.Whatarethesemethods?Whatisthebestuseofeach?
Challenge:Writeasentenceusingeachofthesepunctuationmarks.Examineaselectionofyourownwriting.Circleallofthepunctuationmarks.Correctanyproblemsyoudiscover.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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Name: Date:
AreUsage,Grammar,andVocabularyImportant?
Are Usage, Grammar, and Vocabulary Important?
Directions: Writeanopinionessayaboutcorrectusage.Thenprovidefacts,quotations,andexamplestosupportyouridea.Endyourpiecewithaconcludingstatementthatsummarizesyourargument.Addatitlewhenyoufinish.
Discuss:Shareyouressaywiththeclass.Afterhearingyourclassmates’opinions,pointoutanyideasorexamplesyouenjoyed.
Challenge:Writeanothershortessaydefendingtheoppositeopinion.Note:Eitherofthesepiecescanbehumorous.
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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WordandPhraseListsforExercisesandGames
Word and Phrase Lists for Exercises and Games
Commonly Confused Words ingenious,ingenuous climactic,climatic uninterested,disinterested jibe,jive elude,allude explicit,implicit tack,tact immanent,eminent leave,let lay,lie allusion,illusion,delusion like,as tortuous,torturous incredible,incredulous quote,quotation effect,affect epitaph,epithet take,bring advise,advice flaunt,flout imply,infer amoral,immoral morale,moral can,may,might adverse,averse proceed,precede bad,badly besides,beside respectful,respective who,whom,which,that biennial,biannual simple,simplistic quiet,quit,quite personal,personnel principle,principal statue,stature,statute their,they’re,there tasteful,tasty stationary,stationery then,than raise,raze,rise luxuriant,luxurious emigrate,immigrate farther,further fewer,less
Commonly Misused Words and Phrases (Possiblealternativesareinparentheses) hopefully(Let’shope) havegotto(must) asregardsto(asregards) irregardless(regardless) anyways(anyway) wouldof,couldof(wouldhave,couldhave) besureand(besureto) lousy(dirty,inferior) disremember(forget) thereasonwasbecause(thereasonwasthat) useto(usedto) usetocould(usedtobeableto)
Coordinating Conjunctions:and,but,for,or,neither,nor,either,yet
Subordinating Conjunctions: after, because, until, before, when, now that, in order that,once,than,where,whenever,sothat,although,if,since,because,as,while,unless
Conjunctive Adverbs:also,besides,furthermore,however,still,then,nevertheless,likewise
Prepositions:under,below,around,through,between,beneath,into,to,past,against,upon,by,toward,during,before,until,after,throughout,concerning,of,like,except,about
PronounsPersonal:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours,you,yours,he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,them,their,theirsDemonstrative:this,that,these,thoseReflexive(intensifyinganotherwordinthesentence):myself,himself,herself,yourself,your-selves,themselvesIndefinite: one, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, everybody, anything, anybody, some-thing,nobody,nothing,both,few,several,some,any,none,all,most
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
41404219-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Glossary of Technical Terms
GlossaryofTechnicalTerms
adjective: aworddescribing(modifying)anoun.Adjectivesanswerthequestion,“Whatkindisit?”Color,size,shape,andagewordsareadjectives.Wordsdescribingqualities,ori-gins,andmaterialsarealsoadjectives.Manyadjectiveshavecomparativeandsuperla-tiveforms.Example:Jackwastall,butPetewastaller,andMarkwasthetallestinourclass.
adverb:aworddescribing(modifying)averb.Adverbstellwhen,where,orhowanactionisdone.Many,butnotall,adverbsendwiththeaffix-ly.Example:Acarcruisedslowlydowntheriverroad.
affix: ameaningfulpartusuallyaddedtothebeginningorendofaword;prefixes,suffixes,comparatives,superlatives,tenseforms,andpluralendingsareexamplesofaffixes
agreement: amatchbetweenthenumber,case,gender,orpersonoftwowords,suchasanounandpronoun,inasentence
analogy:acomparisonbetweentwosituationsorthingsthatarealikeinarelevantwayappositive: anounornounphrase renaming thenoun thatcomes justbefore it.Example:
Odysseus,oftencalledUlysses,wasalegendaryGreekking.brackets: apairofpunctuationmarks[]usedtosetapartoperationsinmathematicalequations
andtoencloseaddedinformationintextifthatinformationincludeswordsorphrasesinparentheses.Example:SamuelClemens[famousasMarkTwain(hispenname)]wasapopularlectureraswellasanovelist.
case: thesubjective,objective,orpossessiveformofanounorpronoun.Example:he,him,his
clause:agroupofwordsinasentence.Dependentclausesmodifyordescribeindependentclauses.Independentclausescanstandalone.
clarity: agoalofwritingorspeakingstyle.Whenwrittenorspokenlanguageachievesclarity,itconnectswithitsaudience.Effectivewordchoice,sentencestructure,andpunctuationallcontributetotheclarityoftext.
dangling participle: anintroductorywordorphrasethatdoesnotrelatetothesubjectofthesentence.Example:WalkingdownMainStreet,amodeltrainwhistled.
description: anexplanationincludingdetailsaboutaperson,place,thing,action,orevent,anarrative,report,oraccount
dependent clause:asubordinateclause.Aclausethatcannotstandalonebutrathermodifiesoraddsinformationtotheindependentclauseinasentence.Example:Whenthedooropened,myfriendwasstandingthere,soakingwet.
direct address:Addressingsomeoneusingtheirnameortitleiscalleddirectaddress.Inasentence,theperson’snameortitleissetoffbyacommaorasetofcommas.Example:Gavin,wherehaveyoubeen?
error: mistake;awordformorsentencestructurethatmakeswrittenorspokenlanguageun-clearordifficulttounderstand
gender: (ingrammar)masculine,feminine,orneuter.Example:he,she,orithomonym:awordthatsoundsthesameasanotherword,buthasadifferentmeaningandis
sometimesspelleddifferently.Example:know/no
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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inappropriate:notrightforthesituation;outofplace;unsuitable.Example:TheuseofthetermLOLisinappropriateinaformalessayorletter.
independent clause:asentencesectionthatcouldstandalonejargon:specialwordsandphrasesusedbyaparticularprofessionorgroupmodifier:awordorphrasethatchangesormodifiesthemeaningofanotherword.Adjectives
andadverbsaremodifiers.Prepositionalphrasesexplainingwhenorwherearealsomodifiers.
noun:awordrepresentingaperson,place,orthing.Mostnounscanbesingularorplural.parallel construction:itemsinaseriesrelatingtothesameverbarepartofaparallelcon-
struction.Example:Thesheltercaredfordogs,cats,andrabbits.Theverbphrasecaredforcouldbeusedwitheachitem.
parentheses:Asetofcurvedpunctuationmarks()usedtosetoffdefinitions,dates,andotheradditionalinformationwithinasentence.Parenthesesalsoenclosecommentsthatareslightlyoff-topic in letters,diaries,andother informalwriting.Example:EmilyDickin-son(1830–1886)wrotemanyfamouspoems,including“BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath.”
portmanteau word: twowordsputtogethertomakeanewword.Example:motor+hotel=motel
precise: exact;notvaguepredicate:Thepartofasentenceorclausethatcontainstheverbandanywordsorphrases
thatmodifyit.Example:Mysisterwenttothestore.present: now;currentlyhappeningpunctuation: symbols,suchasperiods,commas,andquestionmarks,thatorganizewriting
andclarifythemeaningsofsentencesquotation marks:apairofpunctuationmarks(“”)usedtosetofftheexactwordsspokenor
writtenbyanother.Singlequotationmarks(‘’)setoffaquotationwithinaquotation.roots: formsofGreekandLatinwordssurvivinginEnglishvocabulary.Example:altusmeant
highordeepinLatin.Englishwordsbasedonthatrootincludealtitudeandaltimeter.sentence fragment:notawholesentence;aphraseordependentclausesentence variety:thecombinationofdifferentsentencelengthsandstructurestomakeprose
moreinterestingtoreadortohearshades of meaning:slightdifferencesbetweenthemeaningsofsynonyms,especiallycon-
notationssubject: Thenoun,nounphrase,orpronounthatperformstheactioninasentence.Example:
Alittlebrowndogfollowedushome.technical term:wordorphraseusedbyaspecializedfieldorprofessiontense: averbformexpressingpast,present,future,progressive(ongoing),orperfect(com-
pleted)time.Example:took,take,takes,willtake,istaking,hastakenusage:thepreferredwaytousewordsorphrasesinwritingorspeechverb:awordexpressingactionorastateofbeing.Verbsoftenhavedifferentforms(tenses)to
expresspast,present,andfuturetimes.
Glossary of Technical Terms (cont.)
GlossaryofTechnicalTerms
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Answer Keys
AnswerKeys
Answersaregivenforthoseactivitieswithdefiniteanswers.
Page 2: Ifuredthisinaemail,umitenothavethowtanythingwuzrong,butifufownditinabook,uwoodwunder
ubowtit.Uwoodthinktheawthurdidn’tnowhathewuzdoing.Evenifeverythinginthetekstiztroo,uprobably
woodnottrustit.
Whenuriteapaperitizagudidiatoriteqwiklee.Udon’thavtwoworryubowtmistakes.Nobodywillc
thatdrafteseptyou.Whenyoreidiasaredownonpaper,yourreadytoprepairyourworkforotherz.
Usinguppropreutvocabulary,cleerpunctuation,andkorectspelingislikewaringtheriteoutfitforan
okashion.Youwoodnotwarepartyclosetothebeechorhikingclosetoaweding. 1. informal,fastwriting 2. reports,tests,applications,businessletters,essays.Makeyourideasclearandrespectyourreader. 3.worryingaboutmistakescanlimityourcreativity. 4. Informal:friends,peers Formal:letterstoadults,reports,essays,applications,storiesPage 3: 1.able,capable,competent 2.delay,postpone,procrastinate 3.ask,question,interrogate 4. remote,distant,secluded 5.noise,uproar,clamor 6.hurry,rush,accelerate 7.sorry,regretful,penitent 8.end,halt,terminate 9. learn,comprehend,ascertain 10.disaster,calamity,catastrophePage 4: 1. agree/contradict 2. slender/corpulent3. formal/casual 4. confident/diffident 5. entrance/egress 6. friendship/enmity 7. modesty/conceit 8. focus/digress 9. consecrate/desecrate 10. wild/docile 11.awake/drowsy 12.similar/dissimilar 13.pristine/dilapidated 14.clumsy/graceful 15.sophisticated/callowPage 5: 1.except 2.affect 3.heir 4. allot 5.aloud 6.anymore 7.allusion 8.site 9.discreet10. farther 11.hoard 12.cachePage 6: 1.elude 2.effect 3.among 4.anything 5. illusion 6. their 7. further 8.climactic 9.air 10.discreet 11.sight 12. their 13.cache 14. ingenious 15. two 16.gate 17.guise 18.proceeded 19.allowed 20. notPage 7: 1. tense 2.vane 3.vile 4. tents 5.wheeled6.veins 7.verses 8.waiver 9.versus 10.yore 11. they’re 12.vain 13. tier 14. rote 15.wield 16. tear 17.whorled18.waver 19.vial 20.gaitPage 10: 1. road 2.building 3. job 4.doctor 5. teacher6. mistake7. tree 8.seed 9.shape 10.vehicle 11.cloth 12.boat 13.storm 14. foodPage 11: 1.antonyms 2.synonyms 3.grammatical 4.antonyms 5.antonyms 6.clipped 7.clipped 8.portmanteau9.onomatopoeia 10. synonyms 11.synonyms 12.oppositecharacteristic 13.member/group 14.member/group 15.characteristicPage 12: Positive:profound,orderly,steadfast,acceptance,evanescent,eliminate,resolution,epicure,contravene,honeyed Neutral:complex,plain,determined,acknowledgement,short-lived,end,firmness,pleasure-seeker,disobey,sweet Negative:abstruse,austere,obstinate,resignation,temporary,obliterate,doggedness,degenerate,flout, saccharine(acceptanyotheranswerswithgoodexplanations)Page 13: 16. loverofpeople 17. loverofwisdom 18.booklover 19.writtenlistofbooks 20.playerofsounds 21. recordsheartsounds22.heartdoctor23.scientistwhostudiesgroupsofpeople 24.studyoflivingthings 25.fightsinfections(bacteria)Page 14: 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.c 6. a 7.b 8.a 9. c 10.aPage 15: 1. robot 2.maelstrom3. typhoon4. ketchup 5.banana 6.coffee7.monsoon 8. zero 9.bizarre 10.chagrin 11.depot 12.entourage13.calico 14. juggernaut 15. celloPage 17: 1.empire 2. feudalism 3.Colony 4.civilization 5. vertebrates 6. igneous 7.ethnic 8. landforms 9. resources 10. atmosphere 11. respiration 12.mutualism 13.executive 14.galaxy 15. transportationPage 18: 1.breathalyzer 2.camcorder 3.Cineplex 4. daisy 5.flurry 6. fortnight 7.glimmer 8. goodbye9.hassle 10. internet 11.motel 12.outpatient 13.pang 14.pixel 15. meld 16.scrawl 17.seascape 18.sitcom 19.smog 20.glop 21.emoticon 22.brunchPage 20: Eachsentenceismadeupoftwoindependentclausesandshouldallbeunderlined.Thefollowingconjunctions shouldbecircled: 1.and2.but 3. but 4. or 5.and6.and7.and8. but9.and10.and11.and12.and
CommonCore:GrammarUsage
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AnswerKeys
Page 21: 1.AttheGeysersinCalifornia 2.whenshefinishesherhomework
3. whodoesnothaveadog 4. whichisnewtoourarea 5.whyAndrewissolate
6.whoisthemosttalentedartistinourclass 7.wherethecommitteemeets 8.whointroducedusPage 25: 1.metmyfriendatthemall 2.shotafewbasketsinthepark 3. ateabagofchips 4. tookabreaktowatchamovieoncable 5.hewashedthreecars 6. keptusawakeallnight 7.madewritingreportseasier 8. lookingatgenerators 9.grabaquicklunch 10. lookingformetamorphicrocksPage 26: 1. like 2. leads 3. enjoy 4. hold 5. teaches 6. is 7.are 8.are 9.becomes 10. reaches 11.has 12. is 13. tastes 14. is 15.are16.expects 17.know 18.understand 19.makes 20. arrivePage 28: 1. I(me) 2.Himandme(HeandI) 3. who(whom) 4. Whose(Who’s) 5.Himandher(Heandshe) 6. it(thechimney) 7. she(Emily) 8.he(Isaiah) 9. them(badgrades) 10. it(thecar) 11. it(thecampus) 12. who(that)Page 29: 1.man’s 2.children’s 3. its 4. their 5.horses’ 6.ours 7.hers 8.Someone’s 9. laptops’10.brothers’Page 32: 1. taller 2.better 3.best 4. theleast 5. farther 6.number 7.aunique8.perfect 9.ultimate 10.notinfinitePage 34: 1.accept 2.advice 3. tack 4. jibe 5. tortuous6. ingenious 7.Climatic 8.have 9. elude 10. eminent11. beside 12.adverse13.biannualPage 35: 1.Ricktrustedonlyonefriend,hisdog. 2. Iwondered,couldIreallyearnenoughmoneytopayforthetrip. 3. “Don’teverforgetthat,”saidTony. 4. “Iwon’tcrossthatriver,”saidNicole,“unlessIhaveto.” 5.Afterspillingfromthecalderaofaneruptingvolcano,moltenlavapoursdownthesideoftheconeinaglow-
ingriver. 6.ThePuritans,afterarrivingatPlymouth,gavethanksforasuccessfuljourney. 7.HenryFord,whilestillachild,wasfascinatedbymachines. 8.Alexalovesbooksaboutfrogs,lizards,andsnakes. 9.Calebspenthissummerswimming,hiking,biking,andplayingbasketball. 10. Idon’twanttogotothemoon,jumpoutofanairplane,orclimbMt.Everest. 11. “Iheardthat,”saidBrianna,“butI’llpretendIdidn’t.” 12. “Iwillplanthebikeroute,calltwopeople,andpacklunches,”saidLisa,“buttherestisuptoyou.” 13.TheplayoffswillbeginonMay22,2016. 14.AmeliaEarhart,whiletryingtoflyaroundtheworld,disappearedwithoutatrace. 15.Mompromisedtobuypaper,pencils,andfolders.Page 36: 1.Astooped,weary,haggardold,manwatchedusfromtheporch. 2.Thestill,clear,icywatersofthelakereflectedthecloudless,sky. 3.Ethan’s,successwasduetopractice,nottoluck. 4. Instead,ofRyan,Jennawasstandingatthedoor. 5.Joseph,however,willnotarriveuntilnext,Saturday. 6.Youwill,I,believe,makeyourdreamscometrue. 7.Sam,whoisthepresidentofourclub,willwrite,alettertotheprincipal. 8.Thegirlwhoisinchargeofourcommitteewillsendeach,ofusacopyofthenotes. 9.AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnited,States,wasassassinated. 10.Aaron,will,youpleasestand? 11.DanielPierson,M.D.,willspeaktousonThursday,evening. 12.Sofia,willbemovingtoLosAngeles,California,onSeptember28,2015. 13.TylertoldMatthewouldmeethimatthepark,butMattdidn’thearhim,sohedidn’tshow,up 14.BecauseTim,thepresident,ofourscienceclub,recommendedthebook,Iboughtit. 15.Mark,myolderbrother,willbegoingonatriptoWashington,withhisclass.Page 37: (Studentsmayunderlinetitlesinsteadofitalicizing.) 1.WestudiedRobertFrost’spoem“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”inEnglishclass. 2. Iread“TheOriginsoftheCivilWar”inThe American Adventurelastnight. 3.Myfavoriteshortstoryis“TheMostDangerousGame”byRichardConnell. 4.Evanlovesmythologyandepicpoems,especiallyThe IliadandThe Odyssey. 5.ThefilmWhere the Wild Things ArewasbasedonapicturebookbyMauriceSendak. 6.ThefilmHoleswasbasedonayoungadultnovelbyLouisSachar. 7.TheNiña,thePinta,andtheSanta MariasailedfromSpaininAugust,1492. 8.GarrisonKeillor’sradioprogramThe Writer’s Almanacfeaturespoetryselections. 9.Amandasaid,“Mr.Reedjustannounced,‘YourpapersaredueonMonday.’Canyoubelievethat?” 10. “IWanttoHoldYourHand”wasafamoussongbyTheBeatles.Page 38: Comma:a,c,d,g,h Semicolon:b,k Colon:e,f,j,o,p Parentheses:i,l,m,n
About the Author
LindaArmstrongtaughtinLosAngelesfor18yearsbeforemovingtowesternColoradowithherhusband.Since2001,shehaswrittendozensofbooksandothermaterialsforteachersandyoungpeople.HerrecentworksincludeHenry Ford: The Man Who Put the World on Wheels; Amelia Earhart: First Lady of the Air; Jane Goodall: A Voice for Chimpanzees; and African Americans in Radio, Film, and TV Entertainment. Armstrong'sotherbooksforMarkTwainMedia,Inc.,PublishersincludeDaily Skill Builders: Word Problems, Daily Skills Builders: Physical Science 4–6, Everyday Art for the Classroom Teacher,andseveraltitlesintheJumpstarters series.
Toseetheseproductsandmore,visityournearestteacherbookstoreorgoonlineatwww.carsondellosa.comandclickontheMarkTwainMedialogoorShopbyBrand.
ThisproducthasbeencorrelatedtoCommonCoreState,National,andCanadianProvincialstandards.Visitwww.carsondellosa.comtosearchandviewitscorrelationstoyourstandards,orcall800-321-0943.
CD-404215 Common Core: Elements of LiteratureCD-404216 Common Core: Conducting Research ProjectsCD-404217 Common Core: Complex Issues in TextCD-404218 Common Core: Types of TextCD-404219 Common Core: Grammar Usage
CD-410092 Research and Write to Meet Common Core State Standards Bulletin Board Set
Common Core: Grammar Usage Photo Creditspg.4 Dreamingaboutbokeh(3115672393).jpg{PD-CC}PhotobyKennyLouie.13Dec.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dreaming_about_bokeh_(3115672393).jpg>
pg.6 BrainbenchXMLcertificate.jpg{PD-CC}PhotobyFrantisekKorbel.10June2013.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brainbench_XML_certificate.jpg>
pg.10 AbiesholophyllaPAN2.jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC-BY-3.0}PhotobyCrusier.17May2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abies_holophylla_PAN_2.jpg>
pg.13 FracturedTIBIAFIBULA01-151.jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC}UploadedbyTsuDhoNimh.1Apr.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fractured_TIBIA_FIBULA_01-15)1.jpg>
pg.15 Woman’sDressLACMAM.67.56.1.jpg.{PD-LACMA}PhotobyLosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt.17July2013.<http://collections.lacma.org/sites/default/files/remote_images/piction/ma-31874070-O3.jpg>
pg.18 Face-wink.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-wink.svg>
pg.18 Face-plain.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-plain.svg>
pg.18 Face-sad.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-sad.svg>
pg.18 Face-smile.svg.{PD-Author}TheTango!DesktopProject(http://tango.freedesktop.org).2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face-smile.svg>
pg.19 2012SeudchinesischerTiger.JPG.[SouthChineseTiger]{PD-CC}PhotobyJ.PatrickFisher.30Dec.2001.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Seudchinesischer_Tiger.JPG>
pg.20 WPYRSteamtrainatGlacier.JPG.{PD-CC}PhotobyNilsÖberg.11June2011.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WPYR_Steam_train_at_Glacier.JPG>
pg.21 WestFordFlatGeothermalCoolingTower.JPG.{PD-Author}PhotobyRtracey.17May2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:West_Ford_Flat_Geothermal_Cooling_Tower.JPG>
pg.22 Motoroilrefillwithfunnel.JPG.{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyDvortygirl.11Feb.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Motor_oil_refill_with_funnel.JPG>
pg.23 Sqeat.JPG.[PhilippinePrayingMantis]{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyGoglGourd.12Apr.2006.<http://commons.wikimedia.org./wiki/File:Sqeat.JPG>
pg.25 Aplbasket.gif.{PD-Author}CreatedbyRed58bill.27Feb.2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aplbasket.gif>
pg.26 Dutchrabbit.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobySahrazad.22May2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_rabbit.jpg>
pg.26 SandLizard2008G2.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobyGeorgeChemilevsky.27Apr.2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sand_Lizard_2008_G2.jpg>
pg.27 Sandstone(quartz)USGOV.jpg.{PD-USGOV-USGS}“MineralsinYourWorld”project,UnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyandtheMineralInformationInsti-tute.UploadedbySaperaud.2Oct.2005.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandstone-quartz)USGOV.jpg>
pg.28 FirstpenCarnesCabin4201.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyJamesEmery.20Oct.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_pen_Carnes_Cabin_4201.jpg>
pg.29 RucksacksonParade-geograph.org.uk-1349364.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyAnneBurgess.28May2009.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rucksacks_on_Parade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1349364.jpg>
pg.31 Keyringfull.jpg.{PD-Author}PhotobyTmorrisey.17Mar.2006.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_ring_ful.jpg>
pg.33 Giraffe.jpg.{PD-USGOV-USAID}PhotobyUSAIDTanzania(http://www.usaid.gov/tz).18Nov.2007.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giraffe.jpg>
pg.34 IPodtouchGenerationsvergleich(2).jpg.{PD-GFDL/CC}PhotobyTr.TI.3Mar.2011.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IPod_touch_Generationsvergleich_(2).jpg>
pg.35 Volcanoq.jpg.{PD-USGOV-NPS}PhotobyNationalParkService.UploadedbyQuadell.24Nov.2004.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volcano_q.jpg>
pg.36 Krk,Croatia-lakescene.jpg.{PD-CC}PhotobyLaslovarga.July2008.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krk,_Croatia_-_lake_scene.jpg>
pg.37 TheBeatles,KennedyAirport,February1964.jpg.{PD-LOC/Old}PhotobyUnitedPressInternational.7Feb.1964.<http:hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c11094>