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RWE Power 31.01.2013 PAGE 1
Dr. Karl Josef Wolf RWE Power AG
CCS at RWE: Struggling for solutions, acknowledging the obstacles
PAGE 2 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Content
1. Lessons learned from the Hürth IGCC Project
2. RWE´s current CCS activities
3. CO2 Utilization: a way out ?
4. CO2 Storage in Germany: a far way to go
5. Summary
PAGE 3 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Key data of RWE´s Hürth IGCC CCS plant
Basic technology: IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) Capacity: 513 MWgross, 306 MWnet
CO2 capture rate: > 90% of produced CO2
CO2 storage: ~ 2.6 m t/a in deep saline formations of Northern Germany equal to approx. 100 Mt in 40 years of operation
Main objective: Demonstrate the full CCS chain Project timeframe: 2006-2010 Status: Project put on hold after up-front pre-engineering
PAGE 4 RWE Power 31.01.2013
No public acceptance in planned storage regions
PAGE 5 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Lessons Learned from the Hürth project
Total project costs far higher then expected (>> 2 bil. €). IGCC is probably not the cheapest CCS option for lignite power plants
Deploying CCS without being able to rely on a European wide pipeline infrastructure is economically not feasible
The problem of public acceptance is difficult to resolve. Conventional power plants even with CCS are in a different ballpark then Renewables
Demoprojects demonstrating the full CCS chain have to be brought into run. The basic challenges revealed by the RWE IGGC project still remain
CCS will not be an option, as long as there is no supporting and CCS friendly legal framework existing
PAGE 6 RWE Power 31.01.2013
1. Lessons learned from the Hürth IGCC Project
2. RWE´s current CCS activities
3. CO2 Utilization: a way out ?
4. CO2 Storage in Germany: a far way to go
5. Summary
PAGE 7 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Solvent regeneration
CO2-capture Flue gas cooling, SO2-pre scrubbing CO2
Desorber
Flue gas
Absorber Prescrubber
CO2-lean flue gas
NaOH solution tank Solvent tank
CO2 capture pilot plant at Niederaussem
Flue gas: 1.550 m3N/h Availability 97%
CO2 product: 7,2 tCO2/day; capture rate 90% Budget of RWE for phases I/II: 15 Mio. € Absorber height corresponds to full scale 40% funding by the Federal Ministry of Operating hours (as of 6/2012): > 20000 h Economics and Technology
PAGE 8 RWE Power 31.01.2013
RWE‘s pilot plants for CO2 supply
CO2 flue gas CO2
Start CO2 liquefaction 02/2011 Funding for liquefaction by BMBF
Excellent infrastructure for CO2 supply of research projects
Supply of CO2 as liquid, gas or solid Maximum CO2 production: 2.4 t/d
PAGE 9 RWE Power 31.01.2013
RWE‘s pilot plant at Aberthaw
Pilot plant modules supplied by Cansolv Combined capture of SO2 and CO2
Treated gas volume 10,000 Nm3/hr CO2 product = 50 t/day (= 3 MWe)
Modules erected late 2011 Cold commissioning during 2012 ‘First capture’ January 2013 100% RWE budget > £12M R&D programme to last to mid-2014
PAGE 10 RWE Power 31.01.2013
1. Lessons learned from the Hürth IGCC Project
2. RWE´s current CCS activities
3. CO2 Utilization: a way out ?
4. CO2 Storage in Germany: a far way to go
5. Summary
PAGE 11 RWE Power 31.01.2013
CO2 in power production: Courses of action
CO2 mitigation CO2 utilization CO2 storage
Mitigation based on efficiency increase is promoted further
RWE is involved in the „Ketzin“ project in Germany
One of RWE‘s main research focuses
then then
PAGE 12 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Direct use liquefaction/compression
Chemistry Project Dream Production
Biotechnology Cooperation with BRAIN AG
Power Plant
chem. Energy storage Project CO2RRECT
CO2
CO2
CO2
Flue gas
Scrubbing
Promising Routes for Utilization of CO2
However, the overall potential for CO2 Usage in Germany is < 10 MT/a. Reward for CCU in form of free Allocated EUAs is not given.
PAGE 13 RWE Power 31.01.2013 *pictures courtesy of Bayer AG
CO2 from a lignite-fired power plant for polyurethane production
CO2
power
Scrubbing and supply of CO2
*Process Development and converting of CO2
*Production and testing of
polyurethanes from CO2
Fundamental research
Eco-efficiency analysis
„Dream Production“: from CO2 to polyurethanes
PAGE 14 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Carbon Capture and CO2 utilization projects at the Niederaussem Coal Innovation Centre
PCC CO2 for polymers “Dream Production“
CCU using microorganisms
Higher Efficiency Lower Emissions
Carbon Capture CO2 Utilization
Electrolysis for H2 generation Catalyst Development for
Power to Gas applications
PAGE 15 RWE Power 31.01.2013
1. Lessons learned from the Hürth IGCC Project
2. RWE´s current CCS activities
3. CO2 Utilization: a way out ?
4. CO2 Storage in Germany: a far way to go
5. Summary
PAGE 16 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Onshore CO2 Storage-Potential in Germany limited
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources - CCS Study 2010 Suitable storage regions
in North-West and North-East Germany Storage potential:
Deep saline aquifers: 9 ± 3 bn. t Natural gas fields: 2.75 bn. t
Estimated storage potential sufficient for the CO2 emissions of large industrial installations for more than one power plant generation, but far up in the north
incr
easi
ng s
tora
ge
capa
city
Natural gas fields Large CO2 sources
Not suitable for CO2 storage
PAGE 17 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Carbon Storage Law (KSpG) – status quo
η = 65 % η = 65 %
KSpG took effect on 17/08/2012 and transposes EU directive 2009/31/EC into German law
The KSpG only permits a limited number of demo storage facilities (max. 1.3Mt/a per project) to be erected until 2017 for CCS research (max. 4Mt/a in total)
Federal states are responsible for permitting CO2 storage projects
The opt-out clause allows federal states to declare CO2 storage in certain areas inadmissible
Liability for storage side 40 years starting on the day of decommissioning (EU directive only demands 20 years)
The KSpG does not contain any agreement regarding the EEZ
KSpG to be reviewed in 2018 taking into account experiences gained in national and international projects
PAGE 18 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Assessment of the CCS law (KSpG)
η = 65 % η = 65 %
The EU CCS directive primarily deals with safety requirements for CO2 storage and access options to the CO2 transport infrastructure. It forms a good basis.
The KSpG puts obstacles in the way of projects in Germany that can hardly be overcome, including:
Opt-out clause: Certain areas can be excluded from CO2 storage. Sets a precedent for other infrastructure projects, energy-policy questions and laws.
Missing agreement concerning transport of CO2 to foreign or German EEZ. It is extremely difficult to assess whether approval will be granted for a CO2 pipeline in practice.
The approvals process for CCS could have been accelerated. For other infrastructure projects, these accelerators exist (e.g. in the Energy Line Extension Act (EnLAG)).
Liability issues
It is very unlikely that there will be a CCS demonstration project in Germany on the basis of the KSpG current .
PAGE 19 RWE Power 31.01.2013
1. Lessons learned from the Hürth IGCC Project
2. RWE´s current CCS activities
3. CO2 Utilization: a way out ?
4. CO2 Storage in Germany: a far way to go
5. Summary
PAGE 20 RWE Power 31.01.2013
Summary
The IGCC Project in Hürth (2006-2010) very early uncovered the challenges CCS development in Germany is still facing today
Facing currently unsurmountable problems with CO2-Transport & Storage, RWE focuses its efforts on Carbon Capture und on Utilization
RWE is developing a number of options for CCU. However, the potential for CCU is limited. A reward in form of free EUA allowances is not given
The current legal framework in Germany does rather hinder than promote the development of CCS
Public acceptance still the biggest issue to be resolved but can only be achieved if political support is granted. EU-wide Demoprojects are strongly needed to support this process
RWE Power 31.01.2013 PAGE 21
Thank you very much !
