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CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 9TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing

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Purpose of This PowerPoint

This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.0.

It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to

take and modify as their own.This PowerPoint is:

NOT a study guide for the module finalassessment.

NOT a study guide for the CCNA certificationexam.

Please report any mistakes you find in thisPowerPoint by using the Academy Connection Helplink.

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To Locate Instructional ResourceMaterials on Academy Connection:

Go to the Community FTP Center to locatematerials created by the instructor

communityGo to the Tools section

Go to the Alpha Preview section

Go to the Community link under Resources

See the resources available on the Classhome page for classes you are offering

Search http://www.cisco.com

Contact your parent academy!

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Objectives

Introduction to TCP/IP

Internet addresses

Obtaining an IP address

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Introduction to TCP/IP

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History and Future of TCP/IP

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) created the

TCP/IP reference modelbecause it wanted anetwork that could surviveany conditions.

Some of the layers in the

TCP/IP model have thesame name as layers in theOSI model.

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Application Layer

Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog

control.

The TCP/IP protocol suite combines allapplication related issues into one layer

and ensures this data is properlypackaged before passing it on to thenext layer.

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Application Layer Examples

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Transport Layer

Five basic services:

Segmenting upper-layer application data

Establishing end-to-end operations

Sending segments from one end host toanother end host

Ensuring data reliabilityProviding flow control

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Transport Layer Protocols

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Internet LayerThe purpose of the Internet layer is to sendpackets from a network node and have themarrive at the destination node independent of thepath taken.

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Network Access Layer

The network access layer is concerned with all of theissues that an IP packet requires to actually make aphysical link to the network media.

It includes the LAN and WAN technology details, and allthe details contained in the OSI physical and data linklayers.

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Comparing the OSI Model andTCP/IP Model

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Similarities of the OSI and TCP/IPModels

Both have layers.

Both have application layers, though theyinclude very different services.

Both have comparable transport andnetwork layers.

Packet-switched, not circuit-switched,

technology is assumed.Networking professionals need to knowboth models.

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Differences of the OSI andTCP/IP Models

TCP/IP combines the presentation and sessionlayer into its application layer.

TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical

layers into one layer.

TCP/IP appears simpler because it has fewerlayers.

TCP/IP transport layer using UDP does not always guarantee reliable delivery of packets asthe transport layer in the OSI model does.

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Internet Architecture

Two computers, anywhere in the world,following certain hardware, software,

protocol specifications, cancommunicate, reliably even when not directly connected.

LANs are no longer scalable beyond acertain number of stations orgeographic separation.

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Internet Addresses

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IP Addressing An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.

To make the IP address easier to use, theaddress is usually written as four decimal

numbers separated by periods.This way of writing the address is called thedotted decimal format.

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Decimal and BinaryConversion

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IPv4 Addressing

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Class A, B, C, D, and E IP Addresses

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Reserved IP AddressesCertain host addressesare reserved and cannot be assigned to deviceson a network.

An IP address that hasbinary 0s in all host bit positions is reserved forthe network address.

An IP address that hasbinary 1s in all host bit positions is reserved forthe network address.

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Public and Private IP Addresses

No two machines that connect to a public network canhave the same IP address because public IP addressesare global and standardized.However, private networks that are not connected to theInternet may use any host addresses, as long as each

host within the private network is unique.RFC 1918 sets aside three blocks of IP addresses forprivate, internal use.Connecting a network using private addresses to theInternet requires translation of the private addresses topublic addresses using Network Address Translation

(NAT).

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Introduction to SubnettingTo create a subnet address, a networkadministrator borrows bits from the host field and designates them as the subnet

field.

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IPv4 versus IPv6

IP version 6 (IPv6) hasbeen defined anddeveloped.

IPv6 uses 128 bitsrather than the 32 bitscurrently used in IPv4.

IPv6 uses hexadecimal

numbers to represent the 128 bits.

IPv4

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Obtaining an IP Address

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Static Assignment of IP Addresses

Each individualdevice must be

configured with anIP address.

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Reverse Address Resolution

Protocol (RARP)

MAC HEADER IP HEADERRARP REQUEST

MESSAGEDestination

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Source

FE:ED:FD:23:44:EF

Destination

255.255.255.255

Source

????????

What is my IPaddress?

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BOOTP IP

The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)operates in a client/server environment

and only requires a single packet exchange to obtain IP information.

BOOTP packets can include the IP

address, as well as the address of arouter, the address of a server, andvendor-specific information.

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Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol Allows a host to obtain an IP addressusing a defined range of IP addresses

on a DHCP server. As hosts come online, contact the DHCPserver, and request an address.

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Problems in AddressResolutionIn TCP/IP communications, a datagram on a local-area network must contain both a destination MACaddress and a destination IP address.

There needs to be a way to automatically map IPto MAC addresses.

The TCP/IP suite has a protocol, called AddressResolution Protocol (ARP), which can automaticallyobtain MAC addresses for local transmission.

TCP/IP has a variation on ARP called Proxy ARPthat will provide the MAC address of anintermediate device for transmission outside theLAN to another network segment.

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Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)Each device on a network maintains itsown ARP table.

A device that requires an IP and MACaddress pair broadcasts an ARP request.If one of the local devices matches theIP address of the request, it sends backan ARP reply that contains its IP-MACpair.If the request is for a different IPnetwork, a router performs a proxy ARP.The router sends an ARP response withthe MAC address of the interface onwhich the request was received, to the

requesting host.

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