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Air conditioning is the treatment of the air to:

Control temperature

Control Humidity

An air conditioner is an appliance, system, or mechanism designed toextract heat from an area using a refrigeration cycle. In construction, a

complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning is referred

to as HVAC".

Provide ventilation or air movement

Clean the air

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Other definition

Air conditioningis the process to control and maintenance

the air in space or enclosed areas. Mechanical treatments

performed on the temperature, humidity, air renewal,

cleanliness and distribution of air to achieve the

requirements and functions of an item.

Air Conditioning is the process of treating air in an internal

environment to establish and maintain requirement

standards of temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and motion.

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Heating, ventilating , and air conditioning (HVAC) is based on the basic

principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.

In the broadest sense air conditioningcan refer to any form of cooling.Heating, ventilation or disinfectionthat modifies the condition or air,

typically for thermal comfort. The more common use of air

conditioning is to mean cooling andoften dehumidification of indoor air,typically via refrigeration.

The most common uses modern air conditioners are for comfort cooling in

buildings and transportation vehicles.

Its purpose, in the home or in the car, is to provide comfort during either hot

or cold weather.

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Basic principles are based on mass characteristic with

temperature, heat and pressure

Is the treatment of air in enclosedspace to control and to maintain

temperature, heat and pressure

together

ASHRAE STANDARD definition:

Air conditioning is the process whereby the condition of air, as

defines by its temperature an moisture content, is changed.

Other factors must also be taken into account especially

cleanliness; odor; velocity & distribution pattern.

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A fan circulates room air through the

EVAPORATOR, which contains low-

pressure refrigerant

Evaporation of the refrigerant cools the

tubes refrigerant cools the tubes and fins,

extracting heat from the air and causing

moisture in the air to condense on the

evaporators outer surface.

The cooler. Drier air is returned to the room,

and the gaseous refrigerant leaving the

evaporator is drawn into the

COMPRESSORwhere mechanical

compression raises its temperature and

pressure.

The hot, high pressure refrigerant passes through the CONDENSER, where it loses heat to

outdoor air(which is blown over it with a second fan ) and condenses.

The high-pressure liquid refrigerants passes through a restriction and into the low pressure

side of the circuit, and the entire process is repeated.

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Evaporator (The cooling coil)

A heat exchanger wherethe heat from the area or item being cooled is

transferred to the refrigerant

Compressorcreates the pressure differences in the

system needed to make refrigerant flow and therefrigeration cycle work.

CondenserA heat exchanger where the heat absorbed

by the refrigerant is transferred to the cooler outdoor air

or another cooler substance.

Expansion device (The expansion valve)provides apressure drop that lowers the boiling point of the

refrigerant just before it enters the evaporator. This is also

known as the metering device.

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CONDENSOR

EVAPORATOR

The high pressure superheated

gas is cooled in several stages

in the condenser.

Liquid passes throughexpansion device, which

reduces its pressure and

controls the flow into the

evaporator.

The superheated

vapour enters the

compressor where its

pressure is raised.

Low pressure liquid refrigerant in

evaporator absorbs heat and changes to a

gas

Expansion

Device Compressor

High

Pressure

Side

Low

Pressure

Side

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The major pieces of equipment required to complete the air-

conditioning cycle are listed as follows:

fan

supply ducts

supply outlets

space to be conditioned

return outlets return ducts

filter

heating coil (combustion chamber) or cooling coil

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The Fan

The fan moves air to and from an enclosed space. In an air-conditioningsystem, fan moves air that consists of:

all outdoor air

all indoor or room air

a combination of outdoor and indoor air

The fan pulls air from the outdoor and from the room at the same time.

Since drafts in the room cause discomfort, and poor air movement slows the

body heat rejection process, it is necessary to regulate the amount of airsupplied by the fan. To accomplish this regulation a fan is selected that can

deliver the correct amount of air. By controlling the speed of the fan, the air

stream in the room can be regulated to provide good circulation without

drafts.

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The supply duct

The supply duct directs the air from the fan to the room. A typical ductarrangement is shown below. The supply duct should be as short as possible

and have a minimum number of turn to ensure that the air can flow freely.

Supply Duct

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Supply Outlets

Supply outlets help to distribute the air evenly in a room. Some outlets fan the air and

other outlets direct the air in a jet stream. Still other outlets combine these

actions.

As a result of these actions, the outlets are able to exert some control on the direction

of the air delivered by the fan. This directional control plus the location and the

number of outlets in the room contribute greatly to the comfort or discomfort

resulting from the air pattern.

Room Space

The room or the space to be conditioned is one of the most important parts of the air

cycle. If an enclosed space does not exist, then it is impossible to complete the air

cycle.

This is due to the fact that the conditioned air from the supply outlets simply flows

into the atmosphere. In fact, the material and the quality of workman- ship used

to enclose the space are also important since these factors help to control the loss

of heat or cold that is confined in the enclosed space.

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Return Outlets

As stated previously, return outlets allow room air to enter the return duct.

The main function of the return outlet is to allow air to pass from the

room. These outlets are usually located on the opposite wall from the

supply outlet. For example, if the supply duct is on the ceiling, or on the

wall near the ceiling, then the return duct may be located on the floor or

on the wall near the floor.

This situation is not true in all installations, however. Some systems are

provided with both the supply and the return near the floor or near the

ceiling.

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Filters

Filters clean the air by removing dust, suspended particles, contaminants and odours.

Filters are located within the return air duct. These devices are made of many

materials including spun glass and composition plastic.

Other filter materials maintain an electrostatic charge, and attract and capture dustand dirt particles from the air flowing through them.

There are 4 classification for filters:

i. Dry

ii. Viscous

iii. Electrostatic

iv. Activated Carbon

Dry Filter- produced from

paper, fine woven fabric,

foamed plastic or glass

fibers.

Electrostatic Filter-very expensive,

extremely efficient

of removing fine

particles, pollens,

smoke.Viscous Filtercomprise rows of

corrugated metal sheets with surface

coated in a non-flammable, non toxic

odourless oil.

Activated Carbon Filter- location in

cooker hood. Very absorbent and

special design for use in greasy and

odours atmosphere.

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1. Performance requirements

On comfort, noise, control options, flexibility and meeting

requirements of local regulations/codes

2. Capacity requirements

Range of capacity, multiple units, zoning, etc.3. Spatial requirement

Plant room space, space for ducting and piping (vertical shafts),

space for terminal equipment

4. Costs

Initial cost, operating cost and maintenance cost5. Energy consumption

For both economic and environment reasons

6. System qualities

Aesthetics, life, reliability and maintainability

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JENIS-JENIS SISTEM PENYAMAN UDARA

AC sytem

Unit System Window Unit

Package Unit

Split unit

Water and air cooling

Air cooling

Water cooling

Split unit without

outdoor air

Split unit with outdoor

air

Plant system

Air Handling unit

Centralized system

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e. Unit systems

i) Split system In split system, the condenser and compressor are located

in an outdoor unit but the evaporator is located inside the

building.

Typically, the evaporator is mounted in the air handler unit.

ii) Packaged System

In a packaged system, as the name suggests, all

componentsthe condenser, the compressor and the

evaporator are located in a single outdoor unit.

The entire unit is generally located on the ground or on theroof.

Packaged systems are generally used when there is limited

space.

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A split air conditioner splits the hot side from the cold side

system, like this:

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- With the packaged system, all the components which may also includeheating coils or a furnace , are located in a single cabinet

- The cabinet is located on the roof of the structure or on the concrete slab

next to the structures foundation.

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iii. Window unit

Window units (also known as room units), are designed toair condition a portion of the residence.

The capacity of such a unit is designed so that a given unitsize is adequate to condition one room.

Thus, a unit in a larger size is satisfactory for more thanone room.

If the unit is to be used for more than one room; however,the arrangement of the rooms must insure good airflow.

Although a unit may be designed to air condition only oneroom, several window units can be used to air conditionan entire residence.

In fact, it is possible to air condition an entire multi-roomcommercial building using window units.

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1. Comfort conditions are maintained in every room in the house.

2. A central automatic control points is provided.

3. Since the cooling and heating equipment is installed in one location

rather than several locations, the maintenance of the system is easier.

4. Better air distribution.

5. One of the major differences between central systems and window

units is the higher equipment and installation cost of the central

system.

6. Efficient air circulation

7. Improve your indoor air quality.

8. Level of indoor noise is almost negligible (system the condenser,

including the fan and the compressor, is located in an outdoor unit)

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1. A separate temperature control is provided in each room orarea in which a unit is installed.

2. Ducts are not required. This advantage is especially noticeablein residences in mild climates where central heating systems

are not required. The advantage may not apply in coolerregions where duct systems are necessary for winter heating,regardless of the summer requirements.

3. Plumbing is not required.

4. The installation of the unit is simple; therefore, changes in theconstruction of the residence usually are not required.

5. Some types of window units are fitted with heating coils andcan be used a; supplementary sources of heat.

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1. The unit requires space in a window/wall.

2. In general, the unit has a fixed air quantity.

3. The installation must be made on an outside wall.

4. Appearance may be a factor.

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