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March/April 2020 MARCH/APRIL 2020 A BRIEF HISTORY OF CANNABIS PROHIBITION BUSINESS PROFILE Cannabis Culture Co. & Farm A World of Rare Genetic Strains Page 27 C C C C of Maine CANNABIS CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS A COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE A COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 1

MARCH/APRIL 2020

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CANNABIS PROHIBITION

BUSINESS PROFILECannabis Culture Co. & FarmA World of Rare Genetic StrainsPage 27

CCCCof Maine

CANNABISC O N N E C T I O N SC O N N E C T I O N S

A COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCEA COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

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2 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

Cannabis Connections of Maine features content about cannabis, hemp, CBD, and cannabis-related products and infor-mation. In addition, the magazine features articles, political editorials, legal information and medical news relevant to the cannabis industry. All content within our publication and on our website is for educational and entertainment purposes only and should not be considered personal, legal, or medical advice. Both the printed publication and website are intended for those over the age of 21. In the state of Maine, cannabis is intended for use by those 21 and older, or 18 and older with a medical prescription. If consuming, please keep out of the reach of children. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for the advertisements within this publication. We strive to ensure the accuracy of the information published. The Publisher cannot be held responsible for any consequences which arise due to error or omissions. Reproduction in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved.

of Maine

CCCCof Maine

CANNABISC O N N E C T I O N S

A COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

CONTENTS

PUBLISHERCannabis Connections of Maine

DESIGNERMichelle Ducharme Pushard

SALESRandy Bell

Ross CunninghamGeorge McGregor

[email protected]

VOLUME 1 - ISSUE 2 - MARCH/APRIL 2020

4 Veterans and Cannabis

6 The ‘Entourage Effect’ and How it Works

8 Events Calendar

10 Let’s Talk About the Safety of Cannabis for Our Pets

12 Cannabis and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

14 A Brief History of Cannabis Prohibition and Rationale for Why it Didn’t Work

22 Understanding the 2019 Vape Cartridge Scare

27 PROFILE Locale Cannabis Farm Offers Rare Genetic Strains

34 Using Medical Cannabis

37 High Wire Growing Tips with Jack Murphy

38 New to Town!

40 Maine Glass Blowing

42 Ask a Caregiver

43 Visiting Patients: Approved List of States

FEATURE: A Brief History of Cannabis Prohibition and a Rationale for Why it Didn’t Work

1616

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 3

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4 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

SPECIALIZING IN MARKETING FOR CANNABIS

BUSINESSES

LEARN MORE KUSHMEDIACO.COM

Veterans and cannabis: Are Changes on the Horizon?

Medicinal cannabis is continually proving to be useful for supporting a variety of struggles. One emerging area is medicinal cannabis use among some of our country’s Veterans. While cannabis is never a one-size-fits-all situation, it can prove to be supportive for some when the dosage and method of administration has been customized for that in-dividual’s unique struggles and needs. There have been some recent steps taken that may launch a shift in how marijuana is currently handled on a federal level regarding veterans.

Many of the struggles veterans and their families deal with are the same conditions and struggles so many claim to have found support for with medical

cannabis. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, struggles with emotional imbalances, sleep and in-somnia issues, are just some of the areas in which many Veterans find medicinal cannabis useful. Some patients find the addition of medical mari-juana may support and complement their current care regimens. Properly caring for and supporting the men and women who have served our country should always be a priority, and any and all useful methods of support should be explored.

Currently, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs follows federal standards on marijuana and has clear guidelines laid out advising their policies. On a federal level, marijuana is still an illegal, controlled substance, and the federal regulations on cannabis must be followed at the state VA level regardless of the state’s individual stance on the legalization of marijuana. The VA does not allow its medical pro-viders to make recommendations on cannabis use to their patients, fill out medicinal cannabis use pa-perwork for their patients, fill medical marijuana prescriptions or cover any costs associated.

Veterans who wish to utilize medical cannabis have to go to a provider not affiliated with the VA on an out-of-pocket expense to receive the assistance with medical marijuana paperwork. Currently, pa-tients themselves are not penalized for utilizing cannabis and cannot lose their VA benefits due to

By Nikki FowlerKush Media

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 5

documented cannabis use. Recently, on a congressional level, two bills were

approved by the House Veterans Affairs commit-tee that are related to medical marijuana and our Veterans. These bills were formed to change the current level of access our Veterans have to medi-cal cannabis and to encourage more research on a federal level to what this plant could hold for sup-porting some of the common struggles our Veter-ans face.

The Veterans Equal Access Act surrounds chang-ing the current guidelines prohibiting a VA provid-er from giving a patient a medical marijuana rec-ommendation. This would be based on the state’s laws on the legalization of medical cannabis and would only allow these provider recommendations in states where it is currently legal. The Veterans Affairs Cannabis Research Act encourages the VA department to run clinical trials, further research and studies on cannabis use for medicinal purpos-es, especially on conditions that Veterans face most often.

It is always recommended to any medical can-

nabis patient, including Veterans, to work with a knowledgeable caregiver experienced in properly assisting patients with the safe exploration to find the right dosage and method of administration for the best individual results for a patient’s unique needs.

Kush Media Co. in Waterville specializes in sup-porting and working with cannabis-based small businesses throughout Maine, including many cannabis dispensaries, caregivers and businesses experienced in working with the conditions and struggles many Veterans face; our company is com-mitted to helping Maine Veterans.

The spirit of support, compassion and drive to connect people to high-quality medical cannabis products we encounter throughout our travels to visit clients is exceptional and heartwarming. We look to the future for continued progress in the medical cannabis movement throughout the coun-try and are proud to be part of an industry centered on supporting everyone on their unique wellness journeys. We are honored to support our clients while they are busy supporting their clients.

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6 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

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THE ‘ENTOURAGE EFFECT’ AND HOW IT WORKSBy Eric McMaster Tru Blooms Wellness

Each and every one of us is strong as an individu-al. I could pick up the corner of a couch alone, but if I added one of my friends, we could pick up the entire couch. If I added a few more of my friends, we could pickup and relocate the couch with ease. This is called the “entourage effect.”

The cannabis plant is high in THCA (no pun in-tended) and low in CBDA. Her cousin plant is hemp and she is low in THCA but high in CBDA (OK, there’s some pun here). These are called phytocannabinoids — phyto (plant) and cannabinoid (molecules of oil from the plant).

At Tru Blooms, you’ll hear about MACRO cannabi-noids. That’s because they are the bigger and more abundant molecules and normally make up about five different cannabinoids. You’ll also hear about MICRO cannabinoids. As you can imagine, they are smaller and less abundant; so far, researchers have discovered more than 100 microcannabinoids.

New research has suggested that even though they are smaller, the concentration of these micros could have a much more profound thearaputic effects than the macros same concentrated levels. Examples of microcannabinoids are CBGA (so far we think this is the precursor to all cannabinoids), CBN, CBC, and 10s of other CB’s (cannabinoids).

My personal favorite plant molecules are terpenes. They’ve been termed “cannabinoid like” because of their similar molecular structure and their ability to stimulate the endocannabinoid system. These are what make the plant smell, taste and look uniquely different. The terpenes have clinically shown to put the cherry on the top when added to the entourage.

Our bodies are made up of microscopic cells. Each cell has a job to do (something like Belichick’s refer-ence to “do your job”). On the outside of every indi-

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 7

vidual cell there are receptors. Each receptor re-ceives a very specific molecule and has a very specif-ic corresponding job. Some are meant to have auto-matic cell death, some regenerate new cell growth, and some help facilitate the specific organs job.

Wouldn’t it makes sense then to have a pathway to help facilitate every cell action and its specific job? Well, you’re in luck! It’s called the Endocannabinoid System. This system helps facilitate the specific ac-tions of each cell and helps each cell receive the spe-cific unique cannabinoid.

Now let me wrap it up for ya. If I were to ingest only THCA, it would bind to one specific receptor. If I in-gest only CBDA, it too would bind to one specific re-ceptor; however, if I take a full spectrum extract, the science suggests I would have a much greater entou-rage effect and also would require less of the medi-cine because everyone gets a taste instead of over-whelming the one specific receptor.

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Examples of lab reports might look like this:

Isolates (99.9% specific cannabinoid either THCA or CBDA alone).

Distillates (ex. 85%THCA, 2%CBD,

>1% CBGA, CBN, CBVA...).

FECO (60%THCA, 10%CBDA, +/-2% CBGA, CBN, CBVA…)

I can understand isolates have a place in medicine, but around Tru Blooms we are all about the entourage effect and the profound medicinal testimony that comes from our patients and in our own personal lives. If you want to know more about this topic, stop in at Tru Bloom, 498 Maine Ave., Farmingdale; we’d love to chat more about it with you.

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8 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

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NOTE: This is a 21+ event (under 21 need parent/guardian or MMJ card)SHOW HOURS: Saturday 11am-5pm | Sunday 10am-3pm

FREE PARKING OPTIONS – Free shuttles start 1 hour before show, run until 1 hour after close

OCTOBER 10th - 11th

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SHOW HOURS: Saturday 11am-5pm | Sunday 10am-3pm

MUST-ATTEND event for MMJ/Cannabis/Hemp businesses, entrepreneurs, advocates, patients, caregivers, and anyone who wants to learn, network, or get involved in the fastest

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 9

Vacationland Cannabis on Route 4 in Greene is ready to help you with all of your cannabis needs.

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of Maine

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CANNABISC O N N E C T I O N S

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10 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

By Deirdre Frey, V.M.D.

It’s no secret that the legalization of marijuana has made cannabis more widely available and used. Dogs especially, being the smell- and belly-focused crea-tures they are, have been getting themselves into a lot of trouble lately, leading to a spike in THC (tetrahydro-cannabinol) toxicity cases in veterinary practices na-tionwide.

Routes of exposure to THCFound in much larger quantities in marijuana than

in hemp,THC produces the psychoactive effects as-sociated with feeling high. THC is responsible for the bulk of undesirable symptoms we see in animals, and there are many routes of exposure for THC in our pets.

Inhaling marijuana smoke secondarily may produce some immediate mild, yet largely unnoticeable, effects for your pet. More likely, long-term effects such as lung damage and asthma can be more of an issue with re-current smoke exposure.

Cannabinoids are the naturally-occurring com-pounds in the cannabis plant, which can have medic-inal and psychoactive effects. In the fresh cannabis plant, all cannabinoids are in their acidic forms. As cannabis is dried and cured, a chemical reaction called decarboxylation begins to occur. However, it is only partial at this point. More complete decarboxylation occurs only with heating, and it is this decarboxylated THC that is thought to produce the signs we associate with intoxication — not the original, fresh cannabis, acidic form.

Before the popularity of edibles, most pet expo-sures were from ingestion of plant materials, such as eating a joint or the contents of a bag of weed. A cat or dog eating some marijuana plant material could cause mild symptoms of intoxication, particularly if it were dried or cured. The more significant risk, however, is when an animal eats products that have been heated (such as ingesting a roach, the remains of a marijuana cigarette after most of it has been smoked).

Along these lines, edibles and oils are very concen-trated THC-wise. Particularly, THC butter contains very concentrated levels of THC due to THC’s affinity for binding to fat. The THC-heavy nature of THC-but-

ter containing edibles, combined with their yummy taste and pop-ularity, makes them the most dangerous for pets, particularly in dogs who love a good treat.

Signs of THC toxicityThe most common

symptoms of THC tox-icity are ataxia (disori-ented walking), leth-argy, and urinary in-continence, especially urine dribbling. About a quarter of patients may pres-ent as stimulated (hyper attitude, vocalizing, etc.). Other symptoms that may be seen are hyperesthesia (they’re “flinchy” when you approach them), disori-entation, bradycardia (low heart rate), hypothermia (low body temperature), mydriasis (dilated pupils), and tremors. Cats may hyper-salivate and become ag-gressive alongside the other symptoms already men-tioned.

Animals that eat THC butter products or large quan-tities of THC from other ingested products, may pres-ent as comatose and unresponsive. Clinical symptoms appear as soon as 30 minutes after ingestion and may last up to 72 hours.

What do I do if my pet might have eaten marijuana?If you see clinical signs and are suspicious of THC

exposure, you should bring your animal to a veteri-narian as soon as possible. The veterinarian may do a urine test to check for THC exposure. Your vet may try to induce vomiting, but with marijuana’s anti-nausea properties, this is often not successful. Activated char-coal may be administered orally to help prevent fur-ther absorption. Fluids, either intravenous or subcu-taneous (under the skin) will likely be recommended to help flush the THC out of the system more quickly and provide supportive care to the body. If a patient is agitated, sedation may be recommended.

In severe cases, such as when a patient presents co-matose, intra-lipids may be given intravenously to help bind the fat-soluble THC and get it out of the sys-tem more quickly. Results with intra-lipids, however, vary.

The toxic dose of THC has been difficult to deter-mine, as every patient seems to be affected by THC dif-ferently. Patients with liver impairment, for example,

Dr Dierdre Frey and her dog Nellie

LET’S TALK ABOUT THE SAFETY OF CANNABIS PRODUCTS FOR OUR PETS

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 11

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may be more susceptible to THC’s effects. The good news is that death from marijuana exposure is rare. No confirmed lethal dose has been determined.

Note about CBD products: If you are interested in getting CBD, or cannabidi-

ol, products for your pet to help with a medical con-dition such as arthritis, it is imperative that you get a hemp-derived product and not a marijuana-derived product.

Hemp-derived products are meant to have the THC content lower than 0.03%. Ask for a certificate of anal-ysis from the company of the CBD product you are considering. If they don’t provide one, don’t give your pet that product. The analysis provides the ingredi-ents, THC percentage and analyses of different poten-tially harmful contaminants such as heavy metals and fungi. Using a product you’ve researched extensively will increase the likelihood that the product will pro-vide the desired effect (such as reducing pain) while also maximizing safety and minimizing the chance of inadvertent THC intoxication.

If your pet is on multiple medications CBD inhibits an important group of enzymes called cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 enzymes are responsible

for metabolizing a lot of different medications. When CBD inhibits the P-450 system’s metabolizing ability, it can cause a change in the blood levels of the other drugs that are being given, because they aren’t metab-olized nearly as quickly they would be otherwise. This can potentially cause unwanted side effects and toxic-ities. Unfortunately, the jury is still out studying all of these potential drug interactions, so it’s important to talk to your veterinarian to discuss the safety of giv-ing your pet CBD when he/she is on other medications.

However, when it comes to CBD products — even those that are hemp-derived with very low THC — it is still important to let your veterinarian know your animal is taking them, as it can affect other medica-tions your veterinarian may prescribe.

In summary, the psychoactive cannabinoid THC, es-pecially in high concentrations, can cause a lot of un-pleasant clinical signs for pets. It is always a good idea to contact your veterinarian if you suspect your pet has gotten into marijuana. Generally, prognosis is good with supportive care. Even better, keep those edibles locked up!

Frey is the veterinarian for and president of Vet At Your Door, P.C., www.vetatyourdoor.com.

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12 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

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CANNABIS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and nerve cell degeneration—specifically demyelination, a process that strips the protective sheath surrounding nerve cells—which affects millions of people worldwide. For many, symptoms such as pain and muscle tightness can be debilitating, or even unbearable for some—about half of all MS patients suffer from depression, and they are twice as likely to commit suicide. Common symptoms include pain, muscle spasticity and spasms, sleep disturbances, tremors, bladder issues, anxiety and depression, balance issues, and cognitive

impairment. For the last couple of decades, however, as many as two thirds of all people suffering from MS have found significant symptom relief by using medical marijuana.

It’s not really a surprise that cannabis offers relief for those with MS. Several cannabinoids have been found to have strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, characteristics that directly relate to the cause of the disease. Inflammation plays a key role in pain and fatigue experienced by individuals with MS, so treating the disease with an anti-inflammatory seems like a no-brainer. There is also significant evidence that THC and CBD can reduce muscle spasticity and spasms, another major contributor to the pain patients experience. Pain and spasticity can also cause sleep

This article provided by the folks at New England Reserve. See more articles at newenglandreserve .com/blog

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 13

problems in those suffering with MS, another symptom cannabis is known to help with. In fact, a study done on 96 patients by researchers at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado found that 32% use CBD and 52% use THC for pain, 21% use CBD and 32% use THC for sleep, and 42% use CBD and 23% use THC for muscle tightness. Cannabis not only reduces the severity of these symptoms, it reduces the amount of other medications, like opiates or benzodiazepines, that are commonly prescribed and have long lists of negative side effects. Additionally, there is evidence to support that cannabis can also work to improve the anxiety and depression many patients suffer.

Other symptoms, like tremor and incontinence, seem to be largely unaffected by cannabis use—neither helped nor harmed. There is also some concern that THC might have some negative psychiatric side effects, but most researchers are quick to point out that CBD counteracts many of these side effects and therefore CBD or CBD dominant medications potentially pose less of a risk. And while concern of negative psychiatric side effects is by no means limited to the use cannabis in treating MS—you could probably even argue it’s a concern regarding the use of cannabis just in general—but it might be more relevant due to the predisposition of MS patients to cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. (One researcher even told Neurology Advisor in an interview that he observed worsening cognitive impairment, particularly in older patients.) It’s also important to note that many of the cells affected or involved—mostly CB1 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)—have cannabinoid receptors.

While we know definitively that cannabis is effective at treating the major symptoms of MS, there is almost no research on how cannabis effects the root of the disease. The National MS Society’s official position on the use of cannabis to treat MS symptoms ‘supports the ability of people living with MS to make informed choices about their treatments with their MS healthcare providers, including the use of medical cannabis’ and they are ‘evaluating ways [they] can remove the barriers to allowing research.’ One can speculate that the neuroprotective and neurogenerative qualities of multiple cannabinoids may be able to slow-down, stop, or even reverse the demyelination process, but at this point it is still only speculation. Animal studies have reported immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects, but nowhere near enough human trials have been done. Barriers to research are preventing patients from receiving beneficial treatments.

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14 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

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A Brief History of Cannabis Prohibition and a Rationale for Why it Didn’t Work

By Keith Carlon, Co-Founder, Elevated RemediesSir William Brooke O’Shaugnessy — A curious mind sees cannabis as medicine

On a balmy morning in Calcutta, India, sometime in the late 1830s, Dr. William Brooke O’Shaugnessy set out from his apartment and into the sleepy morning air. Calcutta was a city recently endowed with the power of industry after experiencing rapid infra-structural growth, somewhat involuntarily thanks to the ever meddling (and slowly waning) British Co-lonial rule.

However, O’Shaugnessy wasn’t concerning himself with such things on this morning. He was after some-thing a little more natural. You see, he had recently started giving cannabis resin treatments to some of his patients at the small clinic where he conduct-

ed his research in the field of forensic toxicology. He was concerned with the effect that canna-bis might have on chronic illnesses after some recent successes in animal testing.

Overnight he had administered a dose of cannabis resin to an individual suffering from severe rheumatism, associated most with inflam-mation and pain of the joints, muscles and fibrous tissues of the body. Before leaving the clinic the pre-vious evening, a laborer suffering from this debilitat-ing condition, ambled in on swollen feet and knees with an effort requiring every ounce of strength. Barely able to stand, and finding sitting to be almost as uncomfortable, the patient asked for help. Using a small amount of resin, he concocted a solution for the man to take orally with food. What would transpire over the next few hours, left the doctor feeling noth-ing short of awestruck.

In O’Shaugnessy’s own words:

“The patient became talkative and musical, told several stories, and sang songs to a circle of delighted auditors, ate the dinner of two persons..., sought also for other luxuries I can scarcely venture to allude to, and finally fell soundly asleep, and so continued till the following morning.”

This would serve as only one of many examples O’Shaugnessy would use, upon his return to En-gland, as he set out to inform the western world of the therapeutic use for cannabis. He would go on to write numerous papers and address many medical assemblies about the cannabis plant’s ability to ad-dress severe pain and inflammation issues. It is only

Wikipedia photoDr. William Brooke O’Shaugnessy

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too bad that his work wasn’t heeded very much when the oppressive eye of prohibition in America turned its attention to cannabis some decades later.

What is prohibition?

By definition, prohibition is “the action of forbidding something, especially by law.”

The 1920s and ‘30s were a trying time in Ameri-can history. The Great Depression and an agricultur-al slump accounted for many of the national woes. With a deepening expanse between the wealthy and the poor, the nation found itself unsure on an already shaky global stage.

Banks were uninsured and largely unregulated, creating an unstable lending market and perpet-uating default conditions that left many homeless and broke. Unemployment was at a staggering level, reaching almost 25%. At this time alcohol prohibition was coming to an end. The “scourge” of alcoholism never really being quelled, just better concealed in

speak-easy’s, and leaving the Temperance followers feeling like they had been effective in raising Ameri-ca’s moral standard.

Although, what we ultimately find with alcohol prohibition is that it was never really about morals,

Wikipedia photo

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16 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

but rather about lost tax revenue and the federal authorities getting their slice of the pie. Interestingly enough, we could argue that same fact when looking at the way in which cannabis is controlled in this country.

At present, cannabis has been a fed-erally controlled substance for about 90 years. With controls implemented as early as 1906 in the Pure Food and Drug Act, mandating that food and drug producers list all ingredients in their products (Yes, cannabis was used in medicinal products at this time.), and the imple-mentation of the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act in 1934, which created a production and distribution control for cannabis as a narcotic alongside opium and coca.

These legislative actions set cannabis up to be a fringe substance that could be demonized and used as a justification for criminal and immoral behavior. Enter Harry Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics.

Harry Anslinger: The Godfather of Cannabis Prohibition

Prohibition opportunist and hawkish-ly authoritative policy maker, Harry An-slinger can easily be credited as having an exceedingly resonant effect on the prohi-bition of cannabis throughout the last 90 years. His views and policies on cannabis could be described as brutishly intolerant and almost never based on factual evi-

dence, clinical study, or scientific reasoning. Anslinger was known to create negative associations

of cannabis to persons of color and to the poorer, under-served communities in the United States, thus creating a substance and behavioral stigma.

As the prohibition of alcohol was coming to an end in the early 1930s, Anslinger held a high position within the U.S. Treasury’s Bureau of Prohibition. Seeing the shifting of the political tide, and the growing vulnera-bility of his position, Anslinger sought to maintain his legitimacy as a figure within the enforcement of Ameri-

Wikipedia photo

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can law and turned his attention to the demonization of cannabis and the persecution of its users.

Therefore, it is no surprise that when the Federal Bu-reau of Narcotics was founded, Anslinger was appoint-ed as the first commissioner of the Bureau by then Trea-sury Secretary Andrew Mellon — Anslinger’s wife’s uncle.

In his time as the commissioner, he turned to the aide of business magnate and gossip profiteer Wil-liam Randolph Hearst to employ a vast network of newspapers, gossip rags and the ever-insidious “Yel-low Journalism” schemes to paint cannabis in an in-fernal light. Claiming that if one were to “smoke mar-ihuana cigarettes for a month…what was once your brain will be nothing but a storehouse of horrid spec-ters.”

Anslinger used a potentially fabricated uptick in cannabis use reports, and the vast publication net-work at his disposal to wage a national anti-cannabis campaign that would breed fear among a people suf-fering from the post trauma of alcohol addiction and the Great Depression.

Anslinger’s campaign against cannabis came to a head when he drafted a piece of legislation that would establish a tax code and revenue stream by controlling the production and sale of cannabis through licensing. This was to be known as the Mar-ihuana Tax Act of 1937. Enacted Aug. 2, it effectively made the transfer of cannabis illegal in the U.S. under federal law and imposed an excise tax on sales. The purpose of the law was to create a taxable commod-ity that would be so heavily controlled and expen-sive to license, that cultivators and processors would have an almost impossible time maintaining compli-ance. As a federal law, it also carried heavy penalties for violation.

It is important to note that the American Medical Association conducted numerous studies during the drafting of the Marihuana Tax Act and made a num-ber of recommendations against the classification of cannabis because doctors and physicians would be affected negatively by the tax.

Superseding the application of cannabis as medi-cine was something the AMA did not wish to see. Dr. William Creighton Woodward, the legal counsel of the AMA, felt that Anslinger’s claims were dubious at best and felt that “the burden of this bill is placed heavily on the doctors and pharmacists of this coun-

try.” Ultimately, the AMA was completely ignored in this matter, and the bill was drafted almost entirely in secret.

The Controlled Substances Act and the formation of the DEA

In 1969, President Richard M. Nixon announced the office of the attorney general was busy conduct-ing a comprehensive review of all federal drug laws with the intent to organize them into a single statute. Nixon felt that “America’s enemy number one, in the United States, is drug abuse.”

It is no surprise then that when faced with the op-portunity to re-evaluate cannabis and its deriva-tives, the Nixon administration took the same posi-tion that all other administrations before it took — to completely ignore decades of medical studies, clin-ical trials, research and data pointing to the possible medicinal uses of cannabis and instead to continue to stigmatize its use.

The Marihuana Tax Act was repealed in 1969 after the Supreme Court deemed the law to be unconstitu-

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18 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

tional and in violation of the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. In turn, Congress began a comprehensive exam-ination of drug law under the directive of Nixon’s administration.

By “pulling together the nine dif-ferent fragmented areas within gov-ernment in which this problem is now being handled,” Nixon was able to con-solidate his efforts on drug law reform and home in on a comprehensive re-structuring of federal statutes.

Now let us take a moment to reinforce the notion that drugs like opioids, nar-cotics and methamphetamines are undeniably harmful to a user when used habitually and recreationally in any volume. Knowing what we know about cannabis, can the same thing be said? No? Then why is it that when the 91st Congress of the United States voted to pass the Controlled Sub-stances Act as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, cannabis was classified as having a “High potential for abuse.”

offering no “accepted medical use” and deemed “not safe to use, even under medical super-vision”?

Does this make sense? Absolutely not. Unless, of course, you have political inter-ests to protect. Let’s just ask John Erhli-chman, a White House Domestic Affairs Advisor to Nixon, who in an interview with Dan Baum of Harper’s Magazine said, “You want to know what this was really all about? The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon white house after that, had two

enemies — the antiwar left and black people. We knew we couldn’t make it illegal to be ei-ther against the war or black, but by getting

the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did.”

The DEA is born, and Reagan promises a new hope

As Nixon’s war on drugs gained steam, and after he signed into effect the Controlled Substances Act in mid 1971, he identified the need for a “reorga-nization” of the federal drug agencies into a single consolidated administration. Before this could be done, Nixon commissioned a number of studies and reports on drug abuse in the United States to better understand the need for prevention, rehabilitation and enforcement.

One such report came from the Shafer Commis-sion, formally called the National Commission on Marihuana Drug Abuse. Named after its chairman and former Pennsylvania Gov. Raymond P. Shafer, the commission shared its findings with the Pres-ident in 1972 and argued for the decriminalization of cannabis. The report expressed that cannabis users were not, in fact, dangerous (as many Ameri-cans would believe) but instead “passive, timid and drowsy.”

The commission made recommendations for the usage of social measures in place of criminalization to discourage cannabis use. Ultimately the Nixon ad-

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ministration ignored the report’s findings and imple-mented none of Shafer’s recommendations.

By 1973 Nixon and his administration had enough data and support to justify the “reorganization” of America’s drug agencies, and on July 1, the Drug En-forcement Administration (DEA) was formed.

Ronald Reagan’s presidency was another in a line of administrations that ignored an opportunity to change the characterization of cannabis. Instead of re-addressing the data that supported the idea that cannabis is not nearly as dangerous as cocaine and heroin, the Reagan administration doubled down on the narrative by stating that cannabis was “probably the most dangerous drug in the United States today.”

During his first term as president Reagan, along with the perky and unflagging energy of the first la-dy, addressed the drug issue in America with a mas-sive social campaign, “Just Say No” to drugs.

Touring the inner cities of America with the intent to “save the children” most at risk of using drugs, Ronald and Nancy Reagan began characterizing cannabis as a “Gateway Drug.” This moniker implies

that if one were to use cannabis, that they would be more likely to cross the threshold into hard drug use. There was almost no data that supported this notion, and yet the “Just Say No” campaign continued to run on it as a basis for their message.

By the end of his first term, Reagan was poised to

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20 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

sign into law the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. This was a huge redressing of the criminal and penal codes of the United States and the first of its kind since the first decade of the 20th century.

In it, under the Sentencing Commission, the pen-alties for cannabis possession were expanded as well as the re-instatement of minimum sentencing for non-violent drug crimes (possession, use, etc.). Scary stuff when you stop to think that having a joint in your pocket could put you away for the same amount of time in jail as trafficking kilos of cocaine

The stigmatization of cannabis as a “gateway drug” and the idea that its use would ensure a life of destitution and maniacal behavior is a danger-ous notion. Especially when that notion is (still to this day) associated with certain racial and so-cio-economic demographics.

Furthermore, the prevalence of minimum sen-tencing and three-strikes sentencing penalties would ensure those demographics with higher risk of drug abuse would more readily and easily be targeted for enforcement. Judicially, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 reinforced the provisions for minimum sentencing and, in fact, the law led to an increase in average sentences for drug crimes from 22 to 33 months in a short period of time.

Contemporary examples of cannabis prohibition

In the modern era of cannabis prohibition, we have seen a reticence by presidential administra-tions and Congress to re-address the problem of whether or not this plant is a potential medicine or worthy of classification as an illicit substance. Here are some examples of how the federal gov-ernment continues to criminalize cannabis and shut down efforts to re-schedule or re-classify the substance at a policy level.

The House Joint Resolution 117 (1998) — A res-olution declaring continued support for current federal legal processes that determine efficacy and safety of drugs as well as opposing cannabis legalization at the state level. This resolution es-pecially warned against supporting medical can-nabis without valid scientific evidence, despite the

prevalence of numerous studies and clinical trials. United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers co-

op (2001) — After Proposition 215 was passed in California, the Oakland Cannabis Buyers co-op was started to address the needs of medical mar-ijuana patients and provide reliable consultation services and product access. In January 1998, the federal government sued the Oakland co-op for vi-olating the federal drug laws under the Controlled Substances Act. In 2001, the Supreme Court ruled there is no exception to anti-drug laws for medical cannabis and rejected that “common-law medical necessity” was a valid defense in this case, citing the Schedule I classification of cannabis as having “no currently acceptable medical use.”

Gonzales v. Raich (2005) — Gonzales v. Raich was a ruling by the Supreme Court that individu-als or businesses were in violation of federal law when cultivating, processing and distributing can-nabis for medicinal purposes, regardless of the fact that they are compliant in accordance with their state medical marijuana laws

Cole Memorandum rescinded by Attorney Gen-eral Jeff Sessions (2018) — The Cole memo was an Obama era policy that disallowed U.S. attorneys from enforcing federal anti-drug laws against state-legal cannabis businesses.

So, does prohibition really work?

Some would argue yes, that it helps to discour-age dangerous use habits and brings down the potential for violent crimes associated with the substance by shutting down the supply chains for those substances. This is a fallacy.

Prohibition is an utterly uncompassionate pol-icy. It forces those with substance abuse prob-lems to hide their habits due to a fear of reprisal and stigma, leaving them without proper support mechanisms and harm reduction models. By heav-ily enforcing Draconian laws for control, the prohi-bition scheme only compels the truly enterprising criminal to think of more creative and dangerous ways to produce and distribute their wares, forc-ing them to exhibit negative and immoral behav-iors.

Paradoxically, we may even find that consump-tion of a substance goes up when it is so heavily

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 21

criminalized. This is human nature. If you tell me not to touch the hot stove, what do I do? I hold my hand over to make sure it’s hot. This can be said for cannabis. We have no reason to trust the feder-al government when they say that it will melt your brain and make you a murderer, because after try-ing it once or twice, I actually find that my lower back stopped hurting and I’m sleeping better!

Prohibition is not about protecting the American people from a dangerous substance. It’s about pro-tecting the tax revenue streams and budgets of the agencies that have control over the quality of life of everyday American people.

We have a responsibility in the cannabis commu-nity to advocate for the plant as a legal substance and to work toward an end to its prohibition. Ev-ery day we get closer and closer to that end, but there are still battles that need to be fought to en-sure a free market for cannabis as a medicine or a recreation. Know your facts, do your homework, and don’t be afraid to use your voice.

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Understanding the 2019 Vape Cartridge Scare

By Colleen Kibler

It seems like it was all across the news during the second half of 2019 — the shocking stories of peo-ple nationwide being hospitalized and dying from a respiratory illness that came on almost overnight. Hundreds of people have been confirmed victims. The symptoms can include chronic cough, heaviness in the chest, shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, fever and exhaustion.

This alarming news hit both the nicotine and the cannabis vape market hard. Caregivers and bud-tenders were fielding questions and dealing with frightened consumers all day. Initially, there were very few answers for us to give.

While more and more people rushed into the na-tions emergency rooms with similar complaints, the

medical community hurried to identify the problem. THC vape products seemed to be the glaring culprit, but what was the exact issue? In legal states, we know that some patients have been vaping THC car-tridges for several years without issue. So what was making some people so sick with this mystery vap-ing illness?

By mid September, the problem peaked and was being called a national health “crisis.” Bans popped up, sales dropped and products were removed from shelves. Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts even issued an executive order immediately banning the sale of all vape products in the state.

Finally, the CDC announced that they had deter-mined the likely cause of the illness. The addition of vitamin E acetate to the vape cartridge carrier oils

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was very strongly linked to these cases.** It was found in the cartridge samples and lung fluid of pa-tients. Vitamin E is often harmlessly used in oral vi-tamins and topicals. However, research has suggest-ed that it may interfere with lung function if inhaled. The condition was called “E-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury” — dubbed “EVALI.” At the same time, authorities have not ruled out the possi-bility that other contaminants may be the source of similar symptoms. There are a few different respira-tory conditions that now fall within the EVALI cate-gory. One of the most noted is bronchiolitis obliter-ans, or “Popcorn Lung.”*** This particular condition can be caused by a buttery flavor additive called “di-acetyl.”

With the problem finally determined, the CDC be-gan to try to identify the sources of these tainted vape products. During patient interviews, a major-ity of those hospitalized reported consuming THC vape purchased through an illicit source. It was clear that black market products were at the center of the storm. A company called “Dank Vapes” sold a majority of the carts reported, though there were a handful of other vape companies operating illegally and selling online.

After understanding how EVALI was contracted, the problem has begun to subside. The number of people hospitalized is declining weekly, so now the discussion centers around regulation and normal-ization of vaping. There are a lot of lessons here that we should heed. Prohibition doesn’t work. As long as cannabis use remains stigmatized, there will be people seeking out anonymous transactions. With-out regulation, no one can ensure the safety of those transactions. We all remember going somewhere sketchy to buy weed. In Maine, we are fortunate to

now have legal access. There will always be a black market, but the CDC’s numbers show Maine to have been one of the states with the fewest cases of EVA-LI, and that’s largely because of the hard work we have done to ensure everyone here has the access to the medicine they need.

The frequently updated CDC data* shows that the majority of EVALI sufferers are 24 or under. The nation’s youth are particularly in danger of being prayed upon by makers of illicit vape products. Old-

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er sets had fewer patients but a higher mortality rate.

Very compelling online marketing techniques are enticing patients young and old to turn to THC prod-ucts sold via email blasts and Twitter posts. In the United States at the time of this writing, it is illegal to sell THC products online, and it is illegal to ship them. So the biggest red flag that these products might not be produced responsibly, is the fact that they are offered online at all.

After careful observation from the CDC, we do have an understanding of practices that are unsafe. One of the biggest concerns about vaping — either a nicotine or a cannabis product is the temperature. High temps can cause THC and the added oils to de-grade. It is very important to keep vape temps low to avoid this degradation. There also is a concern that certain flavor oils may cause cellular inflam-mation — most notably cinnamon*** — and that could potentially be carcinogenic. Also, don’t forget that buttery flavor called “diacetyl” associated with Popcorn Lung. Additionally, many Cannabis practi-tioners have noticed that products that are not prop-erly purged of solvents, like BHO, can cause cough-

ing and heaviness of the chest. Though we don’t understand the long-term effects

of vaping, we do know that we can make the prac-tice safer by imposing strict manufacturer regula-tions and product testing. If you plan to use vape products, the best advice is to always purchase from a reputable vendor. Ask questions about the pro-duction process and consider those using easier to purge solvents like ethanol or CO2. Distillates and rosin preparations are also often considered excel-lent options. Always know your source and prac-tice your best judgment while the state continues to slowly refine mandatory regulatory practices.

No medical advice is given. Information herein is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any dis-ease. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Author is not a medical professional.

*CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report **CDC, Smoking and Tobacco Use- Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarettes or Vaping Products***WebMD, What is Popcorn Lung?

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Our company also provides rare genetic clones available to the public, dispensaries and care giv-ers. Medical cards or caregiver cards are required to purchase any cannabis products containing THC. We strive to abide by current laws for the ev-er-changing cannabis industry.

The master grower at our farm has more than 15 years experience growing the best, heavy-hitting

but cleanest cannabis available to date. We guaran-tee any product we offer for sale and back that offer with pesticide, solvent and toxin tests, along with a cannabinoid test for THC percentages with honest results.

Our customers can rest assured that our indica allow them to fall soundly asleep easily. They may also rest easily knowing they have consumed ul-tra-clean cannabis.

Our ProVerde Lab test results show that our can-nabis not only passed every chemical residual resi-due test but also aced them. The numbers in our test show no active chemical residue; with that being said, the test actually allows a legal limit of 8,000 in each chemical category.

Before I stop boasting about our cannabis, I also want to acknowledge the fact that whether or not you purchase product by QP’s, half-pounds or whole pounds, Cannabis Culture Company guarantees

no stems, no shake and no seeds in your weed. We do not fill our bags with mix-tures of by-products. Check out our website pages for information about our products, which are cured prop-erly and trimmed to perfection, as well as the f lower strains available this month.

We would also like to give shout outs to our concentrate makers and the chefs creating the edibles. Without them, our di-amonds would not shine, and our treats would have no flavor. We would be overwhelmed, as any in the cannabis industry are aware.

It takes a team, connections and loyalty to make it in this business, then and now. Without the con-centrate guys blasting our products and the chefs putting our distillates in those delicious treats, we wouldn’t be were we are now.

Thanks again to Tastefully Baked in Portland, makers of hand-crafted dispensary products, and 207 Edibles in Lisbon Falls. We also want to ac-knowledge that we hunt vigorously with our clone and seed partners, such as Humboldt Seed Compa-ny, for the most rare and very best genetic traits. Another top genetic strain producer in the country,

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28 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

Ocean Grown Seed Company, works directly with us on profiling and genetically selecting the most recent hybrid crosses and true breed indica strains on the market.

Let’s not forget our friends at Phinest, one of the finest genetic produc-ers around the medi-cal cannabis industry. Archive Seed Company will have a place on my roster any day, with its amazing trichome-cov-ered fuel packs.

Add to the l ist In H o u s e G e n e t i c s , through which we dis-covered Mrs. Gelato Mints and Mrs. Gelato 33. Ethos Genetics gave us what has become

our favorite berry flavor, Member Berry. We haven’t even looked at another berry strain since being in-troduced to this rare find.

Dungeon Vault Seed company really set us apart from the competition when they stacked our line up with their Grand Slam strain. Its purple coat and sugar-laced grape fuel taste will leave your mind cleared and thoughts flowing at the same time.

Last but not least, Seed Junkie Genetic Company gave us Wedding Cake, be-longing at anyone’s big day. This product will make you fall in love and want to get married.

Just check out the photo to the left, and you will catch a glimpse of your future lady.

Cannabis Culture Com-pany & Farm offers an um-brella of premium brands. To lead our concentrate market with the shiniest, cleanest washed diamonds around and the clearest church glass shatter avail-able; we have #Who Dab, a premium, solvent-free con-centrate.

The company has been working for more than a year on the final phase of permitting for our store front location at 135 Ocean St., South Portland. We are eager to finally get the doors open to the public, scheduled to happen in June, where we will provide top shelf medical can-nabis products from The Pot Stop. This retail loca-tion we will have all the latest and greatest medical cannabis products available on the market.

Our modern-themed boutique cannabis store will make you feel at home, while at the same time be a customer-service based and modern environment. We believe that everyone enjoys there cannabis, no matter how much they purchase, so in our locations whether it’s one gram or 28 grams, we give you the most premium select buds in stock.

We don’t bait and hook or switch and swap on our customers; we guarantee our strains and our knowledgable staff help you decide what products work best, where, when and how. We also price match any competitor prices and fully guarantee our products. As long as it is still in the pack, we will take it back.

Cannabis Culture Company’s edible line is a vast variety of gourmet pastry chef-made treats. Our gummies, created with our sativa and indica variet-ies, will stick to your mind and body. Try one of our medical culture bars. We guarantee you these choc-olate bars will test hot on any lab report!

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 29

COME SEE US FOR ALL YOUR

CANNABIS NEEDS!

135 Ocean St, South Portland, ME207-440-3043

Top Shelf and Discount Priced ProductsPremium Quality Concentrates

and Edibles

FREEDELIVERY

OCEAN GROWN SEED COMPANY:Faded Actual — A rare breed, green danky strain. A classic, perfect hybrid strain offering a cool easy high and a slight, straighten-up-the-couch-pillows type of buzz. Not a huge yielder on the production side, but if properly tended can yield a pound per plant.

Jedi OG — Luscious green color buds with a loud but earthy aroma. An indica true breed with old school Vader OG traits, this is a must-try strain. More than average producer usually yielding a 1.25 pounds per plant. Obiwan OG — Indica cross between Ghost OG and Alien Rift, this frosty genetic baby is the truth. Producing nearly a pound or more per plant of extremely resinous dense buds, we recommend trying this one.

Dark Plasma — Indica-dominant hybrid along with being a newer genetic cross on the market with incredible, fuel-based terpenes through out.

If the taste doesn’t get you craving more, the smell alone will; if that doesn’t work, the violet-infused color should entice you to the limit to try her out. Packed full of THCA and CBD’s, this strain is a keeper.

The pound-per-plant production ratio is not even close to our largest producers, but this is a rare gem and unavailable with any other suppliers. Dough G — Indica hybrid F1 generation of the Forum Girl Scout cookies, this gassy-smelling bud will leave your mouth funky, in a good way, with a rotten dough taste. Medium yielder carrying the Girl Scout traits, of course, but still very hot on the lab test strain. This is a very high THC yielder.

Titan Cookies — An indica, this is a somewhat exot-ic-smelling massive bud structure that will have you at ease. The terpenes are through the roof while pro-ducing a medium yield ratio.

ARCHIVE SEED BANK:Dosi Cake — This one is Black Forest Cake crossed with Dosido, a pungent strain no longer available from other seed banks. Dosi Cake is real gem, with a lower yield but a very high bud potency.

Tire Fire — Described as a sativa cross with skunk spray on a pile of tires burning soaked in gas, it is a nice producer with a pound plus per plant — a must try.

Company Genetic Strains:

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30 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

IN-HOUSE GENETICS:Gelato Mints #1 & 2 — A Gelato 45 and Kush Mints cross, this must-have delicacy is a winner all the way around. Packed full of beefy dense buds and sugar coated with colorful tones throughout, she is top of the line. A very danky aroma creeps out your pocket while she’s around. Produces a relaxed high with large hunger producing ending. Not a large producer per plant, but massive buds and about a pound of them makes this easily one my top picks.

Gelato 33 — What can I say? Great any day of the week from the deep purple sugar coated shell to the loud power-ful smell you will steal the show with this rare breed. Hybrid cross with a slight lazy high yet dazed and confused at the same time. One of those you might not remember looking at the road while on the way home! A lower yielder, of course, but nonetheless a top-shelf rare strain.

Humboldt Seed Company:Cali Sour Diesel — A sativa cross, musky gas green. That old school sour diesel smell, look and taste that swept the nation before gorilla glue and the others. Stank dank, with a wonderful green pine taste. Medium-to-large produc-er at a pound and a half per plant makes this a must have in your garden.

OGK — Loud danky odor with a chocalope (a cross between Chocolate Thai and Cannalope Haze) deep green un-dertone and taste. A large yielder at a pound and a half per plant. The dense, round, darkish green buds with a indi-ca cross high — 19.5 percent max THC on our lab test makes this a real queen.

Humboldt Sour D — Similar to her sister, but this is a bigger bud structure with a slightly deeper green color coat. Covered with trichomes, this is another classic Sour Diesel genetic.

Royal Kush — Pretty purple grape color with a shiny crystal coating. Grape fuel terpenes from the classic California Royal Kush strain. A mind-clearing strong sativa high will have you pacing around the house. Not good before bedtime, yet a superb day time smoke.

Bing — Bling Bing every time I come around this thing! Shiny outer coat with a purple undertone, this fuel-tasting lady will entice your palate after each ex-hale. Indica cross really shines in this lazy-ish high. Eat, sleep, chill. Lower producer with densely-packed hard nuggets.

Lemon Pound Cake — Sativa hybrid cross with a lemonese terpene profile. Beautiful, light green tri-chome-coated buds with a great hybrid high. Smaller produce with a lighter textured bud structure, as most lemons crosses seem to be .

Cherry Jane — With a tangerine smell and taste through out, this strain has a lighter, softer bud struc-ture with a slightly sativa based high. Orange and red color, coated with sugar on top. A medium weight pro-ducer with a pound per plant.Train Wreck — Classic old school strain that was a fan favorite for years. Earthy, fuel-flavored and smell, this sativa-based yet still eye dropping high is great for ev-

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 31

eryone. Little nugs all over the plant with a nice green color tone. Mid weight producer, easy to grow, low main-tenence slot filler.

Purple Mountain Majesty — Big, bulky buds produce a gas smell with a purple grape-ish twist. Beautiful look and structure, this hybrid sativa cross produces a large pound and a half or more per plant. We selected the best phenobe of this strain in an extensive seed pop months ago which, in return, eliminates that whole long process for you. This is definitely one you need to try in your garden asap. Wicked Genetics:Mimosa — Why not have both the taste of orange juice and the finest champaign available? Great mildish sativa based dish. A very large producer with 2 pounds per plant of tight dense buds.

Black Wedding Cake — Black Widow crossed with a feminized clone of wedding cake; all I can say is “wow.” From the extra large production ratio of two pounds per plant. Exotic floral terpenes followed by a pretty red and white widow cover makes this a winning strain to have. 413 Chem — Chem Dawg at its finest with Indica cross produces an original loud familiar odor. Leaves your mouth with a chocolate green mint flavor. Medium producer with a 1.25 pounds per plant. This is a rare cross with hard-to-get traits. Ice Man Special — A very rare OG cross breed, these lime green sticky icky buds are top of the line, while also be-ing an extra-large producer at an insane 2.5 pounds per plant. Highly recommended.

Girl Scout Cookies — Indica true breed with tight dense buds, low to medium yield — .75 pound per plant. Purple color with trichomes all over; loud fuel smell and taste.

Doe Piss — Bright green, stinky earth-toned piss-scented aroma. Extra large producer at 2 pounds per plant makes this a keeper. Good for hunting season and year round, you can pour this doe piss on anything, anywhere, anytime, and it will leave a stench.

Back 2 The Future — With a stank, gassy odor and light textured shell, this is not a large producer at all, but so rare and nearly extinct other than our strain. We wont let this one go for cheap, but it is available to the highest bidder. Seed Junky Genetics :Wedding Cake — Incredibly rare, no longer available, Jay Beezy cut with very loud gassy odor and an intense heavy indica-based high. Hunger causing nuggets that are coated with different green colors and a sugar top. My favorite, hands down. A mid-weight producer at one pound. One of our most guarded strains; we are not easily tempted to sell the clone to this baby. It’s a top dollar phenobe. A real superstar; call for pricing.

Dungeon Vault Genetics:Grand Slam — We really knocked this one out the park when we brought this teammate to our garden. Every hit is a home run leaving you with a purple grape floral flavor on your tongue. A lazy and stimulating mind high with a pound per plant production ratio, we recommend this strain for any purple fanatics .

Ethos Genetics:Member Berry — Top of the charts berry terps, insane berry smell, and eye-dropping whole body stimulated high. We don’t even look for another berry flavor for our garden. This strain has been a success since day one. An ex-tra-large producer at 2.5 pounds per plant, you cant lose with our member berry strain.

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32 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

Cannabis Culture Co. and farm135 ocean st. Unit 1South Portland, ME 04106Attn: Charles Crapps

Certificate ID: 79287Client Sample ID: Grand slam

Matrix: Flowers/Bud - Dry Flower

Received: 3/10/20

Lot Number: 14

Scan QR Code for authenticity

Authorization: Signature: Date:

3/16/2020Scott Eaton, Lab Manager

ID Weight % Concentration (mg/g)

Analyst: AC Test Date: 3/13/2020The client sample was analyzed for plant-based cannabinoids by Liquid Chromatography (LC). The collected data was compared to data collected for certified reference standards at known concentrations.

79287-CN

CN: Cannabinoid Profile & Potency [WI-10-17 & WI-10-17-01]

D9-THC 3.310.33THCV NDNDCBD NDND

CBDV NDNDCBG 1.160.12CBC <LOQ<0.01CBN NDND

THCA 229.2322.92CBDA 0.570.06CBGA 19.982.00

D8-THC NDNDexo-THC NDND

Total 25.43 254.29Max THC 20.43 204.34Max CBD 0.05 0.50

0% 22.9%Cannabinoids (wt%)

Max THC (and Max CBD) are calculated values for total cannabinoids after heating, assuming complete decarboxylation of the acid to the neutral form. It is calculated based on the weight loss of the acid group during decarboxylation: Max THC = (0.877 x THCA) + THC. This calculation does not include other cannabinoid isomers (eg. D8-THC and exo-THC). ND = None detected above the limits of detection (LOD), which is half of LOQ.

Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) = 0.007 wt%

FM-10-05, Rev. 1, DCN:14-0001 Page 1 of 1220 Industrial Way, Suite 1 • Portland, ME 04103 • 617-221-3356

www.ProVerdeLabs.com

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 33

580 Lisbon Street, Lisbon Falls • 207-407-4093FB @207cbd Instagram @207cbdlife

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34 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

Medical Cannabis and

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WINDHAM — We are living in the most exciting times for cannabis. We now have the freedom to ex-plore different strains that work well for us with a variety of delivery methods. From smoking to topical use, I will help you navigate the world of delivery and dosing by exploring studies and personal experience working with my patients.

The most popular way to dose is smoking — in-haling combusted cannabis flowers. Tried and true,

smoking delivers the quickest onset (within five seconds) and peak (within five to 10 minutes). This method is easily dosed. You feel it quickly but it also fades the quickest, making it easy to change the dose in subsequent uses.

Different methods of smoking include a pre-rolled joint, pipe (glass, stone, wooden, ceramic, etc), or wa-ter pipes (bongs, bubblers, etc). Joints tend to burn up fast and one study found that only 27% of the available THC was delivered. Pipes are more effi-cient for THC use, the same study finding more than 50 percent of the available THC was delivered. Water pipes are usually smoother because the water cools and filters the smoke.

Now, what to smoke — flowers or concentrates? With flower you have less chance to overmedicate, while concentrates are a concentrated dose of THC. Concentrates give you less exposure to combustion, making it a bit safer. I urge anyone new to canna-bis tread lightly and start with a small inhalation of flower before delving into the world of concentrates.

There has been some controversy with smoking because when the cannabis flowers are heated at this combustion temperature, the smoke releases noxious substances. Studies have shown 1,500 dif-ferent chemicals that are present in cannabis smoke, but other studies have seen no noticeable increase in cancers associated with the lungs, neck or head.

The new and “improved” way to smoke is vaping — inhaling vapor heated at the perfect temperature be-fore combustion. You can use this method with both flower and concentrates. However, note that con-centrates deliver a larger dose of THC and are not for those new to cannabis. Concentrates can also build your tolerance rather quickly, so dose control is es-sential.

Vaping is just as effective regarding quickness of delivery. The biggest benefit is that the lower heat keeps terpenes intact. Terpenes are the smell and fla-vor profile of many plants. New studies find they are full of medicinal qualities that are beneficial when in-haled. I could write a whole article on terpenes them-selves, so we will delve into them in depth at a later time.

There are so many different tools to use for vaping that sorting it out can be overwhelming. You can find vapes that are for flower only, for concentrate only, for both, and then an array of more complicated ones. Everyone has an opinion, but reading third party re-views and asking around can be helpful.

USING MEDICAL CANNABIS: Delivery methods and dosing variants By Lauren Beatrice, owner Seed Sound Herbals

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 35

East Coast CBDs is committed to leading industry standards with a strict emphasis on quality control and customer service while keeping our prices affordable for all. No matter how big or small your budget we will spend as much time as needed to help assist and recommend the best treatment plan for your medical condition. We have over 9 years experience as medical marijuana caregivers in Maine and have worked very hard to establish a sterling reputation in our state and nationwide. East Coast CBDs is 100% locally owned (born and raised in Maine). We are a small fam-ily business that has a habit of making our patients feel like they are family.

241 Depot Street, Unity, ME 04988 TOLL FREE: 844-223-7787

eastcoastcbd.com instagram:eastcoastcbds

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Definitions you should know:

Tinctures — Plant material extracted into a “men-struum” (usually alcohol or oil), and taken sub-lingually — placing the extract underneath your tongue and holding it for about 30 seconds. Under your tongue, there are lots of tiny blood vessels and mucus membranes that diffuse the cannabinoids in-to your bloodstream quickly.

Because of the quick onset, tinctures are a great way to quickly learn your perfect dose. There is a wide variety of ratios that include both CBD and THC and are found helpful for a variety of ailments. When first starting out, it is beneficial to start with a very low dose of just THC (<2.5mg) or try a ratio of an 8:1 (CBD:THC) to lower the psychoactive effects of the THC, while still getting the benefits.

Medibles — The greatest advantage of medicinal edibles or capsules are the long-lasting effects. Un-fortunately, the dosing varies greatly and can make it difficult to find the correct dose quickly. The delivery is dependent on the individual’s metabolism (15 min-utes to two hours), making it easy to overmedicate.

I have found medibles or capsules very useful for

sleeping through the night because of the long last-ing effects (six to eight hours). I always start patients with a very small dose, increasing slowly until we find the dose that works. This can take time, but is very rewarding once it’s found!

There are many options for medibles. Many are made with lots of sugar or forms of sugar, so be aware while taking this form as your medicine. Cap-sules work really well and are becoming more avail-able and in many different ratios. My patients find that lower THC and higher CBD ratios work well for their anxiety and can help with the issue of overmed-

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36 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

CaldwellFarms

TOP QUALITY HEMP IN BULK:Flower, BioMass & CBD Distillate Full Panel Testing, Highest Quality Available

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LITY HEMP IN BULK:

icating.Topicals — Oils, creams and salves infused with

cannabinoids. Using cannabis topically can be very effective for those not interested in the psychoactive effects of THC, but would like the benefits for pain and inflammation. Cannabinoids are absorbed by the skin through CB1 and CB2 receptors and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties as well as regulating oil production in skin, which can help with acne, psoriasis and eczema. Many options for topicals include different ratios of CBD and THC. Top-icals stay very localized, so make sure you are utiliz-ing it on every part of your body that you feel needs it. If you are finding that you are taking a bath in it, it

may be time to consider another delivery method.Suppositories can be administered rectally or vag-

inally. The absorption of cannabinoids can be very effective because you are by passing the digestive ac-ids and enzymes. I have used suppositories with pa-tients during menstrual cramping and also with pa-tients who have digestive issues and have seen great results with both.

You can also do a combination of any of these de-livery methods, which I usually do with my patients. Some situations call for one method, while another calls for a different one. Each individual is unique, and working closely with your caregiver will help guide you to find your perfect delivery method and dose.

Chocolate Canna-Cups RecipeYields: 1 Canna-CupIngredients:• ¼ tsp. cannabis infused coconut oil (check out last edition for recipe)

• 1 tbs. chocolate morsels• Nuts and fruit (optional)

NOTE: 1/4 teaspoon of my homemade canna-oil is my standard dose. I then slice my canna-cup into 4 micro-doses.

Directions:1. Melt cannabis infused coconut oil & chocolate.2. Mix WELL. Ensure that melted chocolate and canna-coco-nut oil is combined well to result in consistent, even doses. 3. Pour melted cannabis-infused chocolate into a lined mini muffin tin.4. Refrigerate until firm.

IMPORTANT: If this is your first time trying edibles, READ my Canna-Banana Post for important tips on using edibles!

https://www.marijuanamommy.com/medical-canna-bis-making-edibles-easily-home/

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 37

Hours: Monday - Friday 10am-6pm Saturday & Sunday 10am-5pm1 Murray Drive, Raymond, ME 04071

(207) 655-2072 • [email protected]

We are the Cheers of grow shops.

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1. Environment — Temperature, humidity carbon dioxide (or fresh air) should be closely monitored. Ranges may vary from indoor to outdoor.

2. Genetics — Whether growing from seed or clone, strong, healthy and clean genetics are ex-tremely important.

3. Plant maintenance — Techniques such as low stress training (a growing technique that involves manipulating the shape of cannabis plants to pro-duce better yields) super cropping and topping/fim-

ming (methods of pruning cannabis plants in order to get bushier plants and better results). These tech-niques can directly impact structure and yield.

Utilizing plant support systems like bamboo, steel stakes, trellis or tomato cages will help to hold up your fast-growing plant. The thinning out of fan leaves during certain periods of flower will allow for more light penetration to the whole plant.

4. Nutrition/plant food — It is essential to feed your plant the proper nutrition during the specific growing cycle (vegetative or flowering). Different mediums to grow in such as soil, coco or hydroponic systems require different levels of growing experi-ence. Growing in soil tends to be a little easier than hydroponic growing, so be mindful of that when se-lecting your medium.

High Wire Growing Tips with Jack Murphy

YOU CAN’T IGNORE THE CORE 4

Join us next edition for expert advice and grow room banter with the legend himself — Jack Murphy.

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38 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

• Flower• Concentrates• Edibles• Pre Rolls• Cartridges• CBD Products

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GREENE — Black Tie Cannabis was founded in 2018 with one goal in mind — bringing the highest-quality canna-bis products to the Maine market. The company began with edible products wholesaled to medical storefronts; recently, the company expanded its distribution to include flower, concen-trates and cartridges.

In an effort to further expand the small business, the owners in Feb-ruary opened a medical storefront in Greene. The store has a large menu in-cluding 20 different flower strains, 18 different concentrates, nearly 10 edible options (including

popular gummies and lemonades), 10 different types of pre-rolls, and its own line of CBD prod-ucts.

The flower comes from respected medical can-nabis businesses, such as Zero Gravity Extracts and Rugged Roots. Concentrates come from a list of equally-qualified companies, such as Oth-er Level Gardens, The Green Alchemist Co, Green Trap and CWorx. Newer, in-house products, such as our Sour Pink Lemonade shatter and our Jelly Breath flower, have received high praise as well.

The brand is built to help relax and provide in-formation to individuals with little to no experi-ence with cannabis-related products. Many com-panies use typical cannabis symbols and visuals on their packaging, which draws the attention of regular users but may turn off individuals who understand very little about cannabis.

Black Tie Cannabis, located at 797 U.S. Route 202, wants farmers, collegiate athletes, trades-men, lawyers and anyone else, from any walk of life, to feel confident in their education and pur-chasing of products.

In-store products include flowers, concentrat-ed, pre-rolls, edibles, cartridges and CBD prod-ucts; also offered are daily specials, a loyalty rewards program and re-usable bag discounts. Wholesale products include edibles, concen-trates, flowes and cartridges.

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 39

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of MaineTrade Association

Home Grown Maine 2020 Trade Show & Expo

Saturday June 6th and Sunday June 7th

662 Stanley Road, Winthrop, ME 04364(207)596-3501

[email protected] www.mmcm-online.org

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An educational resource to Maines cannabis industry

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40 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

MAINE GLASS BLOWING 101 – Intro to GlassBy Destioney Pinkham

“Why is this piece $600?!” That’s a question we of-ten get when people step into our shop for the first time. I often reply, “That one next to it is $2,000,” or something sarcastic along those lines. Then I take the time to let people know WHY it is the price that it is.

Most customers forget that what they smoke out of every day is a true labor of love costing money to

make. Just like the growers, who spend countless hours in their gardens, so do

the blowers. Each one of our local art-ists pays for each piece they make, not

only with time but also materials! Each blower must pur-chase a kiln, a torch, fu-

el lines, oxygen and propane

tanks, (that need to be c o n t i n -u o u s l y

filled) plus a whole slew of tools before

they can get to work. Then there is the ac-tual glass itself; some cus-tom pulled tubing and new hype colors can reach an

excess of $250/lb. That means they’re buying a handful of rods for hundreds of dol-lars that (to stay in business) they need to make a re-turn on.

Our local blowers also need to make a living! They need to be compensated for their time, and just like in any profession, some people cost more than oth-ers. Some artists focus on “production pieces” — items that generally take less time to produce and

are overall less unique; this is a numbers game. Some of our blowers are considered more “heady” artists, whose pieces are more detailed and are completely one of a kind. These artists focus more on craft and specific talents. They tend to have a larger fan base, and therefore more clout in the community. Many be-come true collectors of their artwork. Danny Camp (@dannycampglass) and KGB (@kgbglass) are two of Maine’s best and well known blowers who have ex-tremely dedicated collectors from all over the coun-try.

Here in Maine, we are all about supporting local and buying from our community. That shouldn’t change with glass, just because there are cheaper options available. To us, we’re not just selling you a “pipe,” we’re providing you with functional art; something for you to enjoy for years to come. Some-thing you can make memories with. This is not just glass anymore.

The Maine glass scene is up and coming, with some of the country’s most talented artists! To check out what’s new and stay up to date on current trends, pick up the new issues of Cannabis Connection and follow us online (@riptidemaine).

Destioney Pinkham is the owner of Rip Tide Smoke Shop in Belfast.

Marbletech Octopus - Collaborative effort Pauly T x Eios Glass, Portland

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 41

High Quality Glass, for High Quality People A deal worth the drive!

Glass from over

15 local glass

blowers

20% OFFDAILY FOR MAINE

MEDICAL PATIENTS

147 Waldo Avenue, Belfast, Maine207-218-1202

Stop in and see Destioney today!

OPEN 7 DAYS A

WEEK11AM-6PM

VOTED WALDO COUNTY’S BUSINESS

OF THE YEAR 2017 & 2019

Email: rip [email protected]

Skrillinger x Chadd Lacy KGB

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42 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

Happy Spring, everyone! Thanks to those of you who submitted questions! I chose one with a common concern I hear from peo-ple frustrated by trying a Hemp CBD products and not getting the results they expect. There are so many reasons that can hap-pen; let’s take a look at this

particular question from a reader in Farmington.

“Hi Colleen. I grew up in a fam-ily of police officers and have always been told to stay away from marijuana, but as I get old-er and struggle with aches and pains, lots of my friends have started to talk about CBD. I am uncomfortable with the idea of using cannabis. One of my close friends finally convinced me to try gummies and told me to be sure I looked for ‘hemp’ so I didn’t get stoned. I found some on Amazon. I have been taking these hemp gum-mies every day for a month with no results at all. When I complained about them to my friend, he asked what milligram they were, and the package doesn’t say. All it says on the ingredients is ‘hemp seed oil.’ I am discouraged and angry. Can you shine any light on what happened?”

- J.B., Farmington, ME Yes, I think I may be able to help; thanks so much

for writing. I can understand why you feel discour-aged. It sounds possible that you have a bottle of plain hemp gummies, not hemp CBD gummies. This happens to a lot of folks. Let me explain the differ-ence between those products.

Hemp products have been sold at grocery stores and health food stores for years. Things like hemp hearts, hemp oil and hemp lotions are made from

hemp seeds, which is not a source of CBD. Hemp seeds are naturally high in antioxidants and healthy fats like Omega-3 and Omega-6. Lots of health foods and beauty products incorporate hemp seed oil for those reasons. Hemp seed oil gummies may be used for those fatty acids that can boost healthy hair and skin as well as carry potential benefits for the car-diovascular system.

Hemp CBD oil is made from the flowers, stems, roots and leaves of a hemp plant; pretty much

everything but the seeds. CBD is a canna-binoid that can help you feel physical

relief because of its anti-inflamma-tory properties. Based on what the

ingredients label says, it would seem you don’t have the product you expected in your hands. The lack of CBD is quite likely why this product hasn’t worked to relieve your arthritis pain.

My advice is to stay off Ama-zon, and avoid multi-level mar-keting companies selling hemp or CBD products. Often those

companies do not offer enough information for consumers to un-

derstand the products. In order to be sure you are always getting the

right thing for your needs, please let me recommend popping in to visit your

local experienced caregiver. After asking a lit-tle more about your symptoms, they should be able to help guide you to a hemp CBD product that can suit your needs.

Are you “Canna-Curious?” Submit your cannabis questions to Colleen at [email protected]. Questions may be edited for space.

Colleen is a cannabis practitioner and licensed can-nabis caregiver in Belgrade. Advice is anecdotal and experiential. No medical advice is given. Information herein is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or pre-vent any disease. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Colleen is not a medical professional.

ASK A CAREGIVER

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March/April 2020 | Cannabis Connections of Maine 43

Store hours: M - F 11am -6pm Sat 11am -3:00pm Sunday (closed)26 Augusta Rd Winslow ME – (207)-557-1867

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Visiting Patients: Approved List of StatesOverviewPursuant to PL 2019, ch. 209 [LD 538], An Act to En-

sure Access to Medical Cannabis for Visiting Qualifying Patients, as of June 6, 2019, medical marijuana patients visiting Maine from other jurisdictions are no longer re-quired to obtain certification from a Maine-based medi-cal provider or to designate a registered caregiver or dis-pensary in order to obtain medical marijuana.

Now, medical marijuana patients visiting Maine need only produce their state-issued registry identification card, certificate, or other state-issued documentation of the visiting patient’s status as a medical marijuana pa-tient in their state of residence, in order to purchase med-ical marijuana while visiting Maine. The Maine Office of Marijuana Policy has reached out to states that authorize their residents to utilize marijuana for medicinal purpos-es to determine whether each state authorizes their resi-dent patients to utilize their state-issued authorization to procure medical marijuana in other jurisdictions such as Maine. A visiting patient may only use their state-issued patient credential if their home state authorizes such use. From the list below patients visiting Maine can deter-mine whether their state-issued patient credentials will allow them to purchase marijuana while visiting Maine. This list is subject to revision.

Product LimitationsPlease note that the marijuana and marijuana products

available to patients in Maine may differ substantially from those products available and authorized for use in the visiting patient’s state of residence. These differenc-es include the form, concentration, and CBD minimum and THC maximum content allowable in marijuana and marijuana products under Maine’s Medical Use of Mari-juana Program: it is the sole responsibility of the visiting patient to confer with their prescriber, caregiver, or dis-pensary staff to determine the appropriate marijuana or marijuana product and appropriate dosage to address the visiting patient’s needs, and to comply with any lim-itations imposed by their state of residence on the form, type, quantity, or delivery method for medical marijuana they are authorized to purchase or possess. A qualifying visiting patient may purchase up to 2.5 ounces of a com-bination of medical marijuana and marijuana products every 15 days while visiting the state.

Approved StatesThe following states have provided the Office of Mar-

ijuana Policy with sufficient information to allow quali-

fied medical marijuana patients visiting Maine to use their state-issued medical marijuana patient credential to obtain medical marijuana while visiting Maine:

Approved states: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Califor-nia, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa. Massa-chusetts. Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, Washington, DC.

Patients who are residents of these states may pur-chase from a registered dispensary or caregiver medi-cal marijuana and/or marijuana products while visiting Maine, subject to the limitations imposed by the laws and rules of the State of Maine the laws and rules of their state of residence. This list is subject to change.

Disclaimer: Nothing contained in this summary shall be construed as legal advice nor may any visiting patient purchase marijuana for medical use if prohibited by their state of residence. Maine registered caregivers and dispensaries may refuse to provide medical marijuana to any visiting patient whose credentials are suspect or otherwise in-sufficient to determine whether the visitor is a qualified patient in their jurisdiction of residence.

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44 Cannabis Connections of Maine | March/April 2020

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