Sector : CONSTRUCTION/ELECTRICAL

Qualification Title: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Unit of Competency: Install Electrical Protection System Lighting

And Grounding

Module Title: Installing Electrical Protection System Lighting And

Grounding

Technical Education & Skills Development AuthorityINSTITUTE OF CONVERGENCE TECHNOLOGY

Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay

Plan Training Session

NATIONAL CERTIFIFCATE LEVEL IIQUALIFICATION LEVEL

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

NO.

Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1.Prepare electrical power and hydraulic tools

Preparing electrical power and hydraulic tools

CON724308

2.Perform roughing-in activities for communication and distribution systems

Performing roughing-in activities for communication and distribution systems

CON724309

3.Install wiring devices for floor and ground fault current interrupting outlets

Installing wiring devices for floor and ground fault current interrupting outlets

CON724310

4.Install electrical protection system lighting and grounding

Installing electrical protection system lighting and grounding

CON724311

5.Install electrical lighting systems on auxiliary outlets and lighting fixtures

Installing electrical lighting systems on auxiliary outlets and lighting fixtures

CON724312

How to Use this Competency-Based Learning Material

Welcome to the module in installing electrical protection system for lighting and grounding. This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Install electrical protection system for lighting and grounding” contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Electrical Installation and Maintenance NC II. It is one of the specialized modules at National Certificates Level (NC II).

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your facilitator/ trainer) to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask you facilitator for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s guide because of you have:

been working for some time already completed training in this area

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill or skills, talk to him/ her about having them formally recognized so you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with your trainer.

At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you complete the module.

This module was prepared to help you achieve competency, in Install electrical protection system for lighting and grounding. This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.

Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the Training unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to successfully complete this module.

Work through all the information and complete the activities in section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided in this module.

Most probably your trainer will also by your supervisor or manager. He/ she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.

Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and take notes.

You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.

Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.

When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outline in this module.

As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for institutional assessment.

When you have completed the institutional assessment, the results of your assessment will be recorded in our competency Achievement Record and Progress chart.

MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR LIGHTING AND GROUNDING

MODULE TITLE : INSTALLING ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

SYSTEM FOR LIGHTING AND GROUNDING

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers the knowledge, skills and

Proper attitude in installing electrical protection system. It deals with installation of high/low voltage switch gear, earth leakage circuit breaker, lighting protection and grounding system.

NOMINAL DURATION : 30 hours

LEARNING OUTCOME:At the completion of this module the trainees/student must be able to:

LO 1. Plan and prepare work LO 2. Install electrical protection system

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: 1. Instructions for the preparation of the work activity are

communicated and confirmed to ensure clear understanding2. Tools, equipment and PPE needed to install electrical

protection system are identified, checked to ensure they work correctly as intended and are safe to use in accordance with established procedures

3. Materials needed for work are obtained in accordance with established procedures

4. Electrical protections systems are installed according to the latest edition of Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.

5. Electrical protection system are installed according to the job requirements

6. Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are prepared in line with job requirements.

7. Safety procedures in installing electrical protection system are strictly observed according OHS guidelines and procedures.

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LO1. PLAN AND PREPARE WORK

CONTENT:

Planning and preparing work.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Instruction for the preparation of the work activity are communicated and confirmed to ensure clear understanding.

2. Tools, equipment and PPE needed to install electrical protection system are identified, checked to ensure they work correctly as intended and are safe to use in accordance with established procedure.

3. Materials needed for work obtained in accordance with established procedure.

CONDITIONS:

Student/trainees must be provided with the following:

Learning Materials

Learning elements

METHODOLOGIES:

Demonstration Discussion Practical exercise Laboratory exercise Film viewing

ASSESSMENT METHODS: Demonstration Direct observation and questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome #1: Plan and Prepare WorkLearning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet 4.1-1

After reading information sheet 4.1-1, you can now answer self-check 4.1-1

2. Answer self-check 4.1-1 Compare answer with the answer key. You are required to get all answer correct. If not read the information sheet again to answer all question correct.After all doing the activity of this L.O., you now ready to proceed to the next L.O., on installing electrical protection system.

INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-1Plan and prepare work in installing Electrical Protection System for Lighting and Grounding

Objectives:At the end of this session, the trainee should be able to know

the concept, principles and install electrical protection system needed with the job requirements.

Before you begin installing electrical protection you should have always obtains the technical drawing and be familiar of the items and definition used. Follow always safety guidelines in installing electrical protection system. After reading the technical drawing, it is important to prepare the following:

A. ToolsB. EquipmentC. PPEsD. Materials

Identifying equipment needed in installing electrical protection system.

Driving tools - Drivers are used to drill, insert and drive screws, nuts and bolts into surfaces with mechanical and manual force.

Cutting and griping tools -

Striking tools

Circuit breaker - is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.

Multi-tester - is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

Test light - is a simple piece of electronic test equipment used to determine the presence or absence of an electric voltage in a piece of equipment under test.

Pliers - area hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from tongs used to handle wires.

Clamp ammeter – use to measure electrical current.

Personal Protective Equipment must be check to unsure they work correctly as intended and safe to use.

Electrical Gloves

Safety Shoes

Hard hat

The following materials are commonly used as protection in the electrical system

Fuse

Circuit Breaker

High/Low voltage switcher gear

Earth leakage circuit breaker

Grounding System

Grounding and ground fault

The Philippine Electrical Code PEC defines Ground as Zero Voltage. The purpose of grounding the circuit is to fix permanently a zero voltage point in the system. The grounded line of a circuit should not be broken nor focused to maintain a solid and interrupted connection to the ground. An establishment ground automatically becomes the reference for all voltage in system.

Grounding Could be Accomplished by:1. Connecting to a buried cold water

main.2. Connecting to a ground rod.3. Connecting to a buried ground plate.

Reasons for Grounding the Circuit System1. To prevent a sustained contact between the low voltage secondary line

and the high voltage primary line in case of insulation fire.2. To prevent single grounds from being unnoticed or detected until a

secondary line.3. To facilitate in locating the ground faults.4. To protect against a short sudden rush of electric current in the circuit.5. To establish a neutral at zero potential not to be interrupted by switches

or other devices.6. To connect the service entrance to ground only at one point and to use

colored wires for easy identification.

EARTH GROUNDING

It is the responsibility of the installer to connect all electronic irrigation equipment for which he is responsible to earth ground in accordance with Article 250 of the National Electrical Code (NEC.) Grounding components will include the items described in the following paragraphs, at a minimum.

Use grounding electrodes that are UL listed or manufactured to meet the minimum requirements of Article 250-52 of the 1999 NEC. At the very minimum, the grounding circuit will include a copper clad steel ground rod, a solid copper ground plate and 100 pounds of PowerSet earth contact material, as defined below and per the following detail.

BONDING

The above grounding circuit is referred-to as "supplementary grounding" in the NEC. And for safety reasons, the NEC requires that all supplementary grounds be "bonded" to each other and to the service entrance ground (power source) as shown below. This is also "recommended practice" of IEEE Standard 1100-1999. Note that this is in addition to the equipment ground, which is commonly referred-to as "the green wire." The Black, White and Green wires must always be kept together in a trench/conduit/tray/etc.

SHIELDING

The bonding conductors are to be installed in such a way so that they also act as shielding conductors. This becomes a network of solid bare copper wire over all the main bundles of other wires and cables.

The bare copper wire is to be installed as close to the surface as possible, yet being sufficiently below the ground level as to prevent damage from maintenance equipment such as aerators. And it must be placed above all other valve/power/communication wires and cables, per detail, and installed in all trenches as shown on the electrical plan drawings. It is not necessary to install this conductor over short wire runs (less than 150 feet) away from the main wire bundles. The conductor is laid in as straight a line as possible, and when necessary to make bends, do so in a sweeping motion using the following detail as a guideline.

Note: When connecting bare copper wires to the ground lug of electronic equipment, feed it through a dedicated 1 ½" plastic sweep ell to automatically meet the requirements of the “sweep bend" shown here.

The shield network is to be connected to the service entrance earth ground, to all electronic equipment ground lugs, and all equipment supplementary grounding electrodes. One such network is necessary for each power source. Do not interconnect the equipment ground wires from different power source.

Parts of a Circuit Breaker

INSIDE A CIRCUIT BREAKER (WIKIPEDIA) THIS IS A EUROPEAN DIN MOUNT BREAKER.1. Actuator lever – used to manually trip and reset the circuit breaker. Also

indicates the status of the circuit breaker (On or Off/tripped). Most breakers are designed so they can still trip even if the lever is held or locked in the “on” position. This is sometimes referred to as “free trip” or “positive trip” operation.

2. Actuator mechanism – forces the contacts together or apart.3. Contacts – Allow current when touching and break the current when moved

apart.4. Terminals5. Bimetallic strip.6. Calibration screw – allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the trip

current of the device after assembly.7. Solenoid8. Arc divider/extinguisher

The assumption that the two halves of DP breakers can serve as SP breakers proved to be very wrong.  The double-pole breakers are NOT just two single pole breakers physically joined.  We found this out the hard way when we had a total short in one of our circuits and the 20 amp breaker did not trip, but instead melted a #12 AWG

We then tested the breakers on a test circuit.  We found that only one side of our double pole breaker provide short circuit protection. It’s unknown which side may provide over current protection.  Presumably, breakers made to be used as single-pole provide both protections in a single breaker, as do double-pole breakers used as a unit.

We decided we were not so smart after all. Since we had a plug-in type of

panel box for which single-pole breakers are not available, we had no choice but to wire our plug-in style panel box, as many local electricians do, using double-pole breakers.

We took out the link we had installed connecting the two panel box bus bars and bought new double-pole breakers.   Now, one of the buses was hot, the other bus was neutral. When a double pole breaker is installed, one pole of the breaker protects the load wire and one the neutral wire for each branch circuit.

We used a specific GE double pole breaker which is sold and in almost universal use here – the TQL2415X or TQL2420X. Our electrical supply store only sells GE brand breakers. I could not find these “X-suffix” breakers in the huge online GE breaker directory, but did read elsewhere that the X designation is for “special purpose” applications.  The GE breakers sold here are 240/415 volt rated. This must have been a huge overload, far beyond 20 amps.

Self-check 4.1-1

1. What a part of a panel boards/load center is to [provide protection of components and personnel?a. Dead front handlesb. Enclosurec. Removable doord. Gland plates

2. What a part of a panel boards/load center that allows the user to install conduit and cables?a. Bottom platesb. Enclosurec. Knockout punchd. Knockout hole

3. What a part of a panel boards/load center that provides space for listing which breaker provides service for each room are large appliance?a. Front platesb. Enclosurec. Circuit breakerd. Circuit directory

4. What are the function of fuses and circuit breakers in electrical circuits?a. Serves as protection of conductorsb. Serves as protection of electrical loads and equipmentsc. Serves as a current limiter to the circuit

d. All of the above5. What element used in a thermal trip of a circuit breaker?

a. Metallic bendb. Temperaturec. Bi-metallicd. All of the above

Answer key 4.2-1

1. D2. D3. D4. D5. D

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LO2. INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM

CONTENTS: PEC provisions and requirements on installing electrical protection system Procedures in installing electrical protection system Safety procedures in installing electrical protection system Safety switch fuse cut-out High/Low Voltage Switch Gear-HLVSG Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker-ELCB Conventional atmospheric lighting protection Grounding system

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:1. Electrical protection systems are installed according to the latest

edition of Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.2. Electrical protection systems are installed according to the job

requirements.3.Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are

prepared in line with job requirements.4.Safety procedures in installing electrical protection systems are

strictly observed according to OHS guidelines and procedures.

CONDITIONS:

Students/trainees must be provided with the following: Tools and Equipment

o Lineman’s plierso Long nose pliers

EquipmentoWiring booth/ Simulated

workplace/wiring booth

oDiagonal cutting plierso Set of screw drivero Claw hammeroHacksawoMeasuring toolso Reamero Ladder

o PPE

Learning Materialso Learning elementsoManualso Books ando Philippine Electrical

Code/National Electrical Code, Latest Edition

METHODOLOGIES: Demonstration Discussion Practical exercises Laboratory exercises

ASSESSMENT METHODS: Demonstration Direct observation and questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCESLearning Outcome #1: Install electrical protection system

Learning Activities Special Instructions1. Read information sheet 4.2-1 After reading information sheet 4.1-1, you

can now answer self-check 4.1-12. Answer self-check 4.2-2 Compare answer with the answer key. You

are required to get all answer correct. If not read the information sheet again to answer all question correct.

3. Perform job sheet 4.2-1 Evaluate your own work using performance criteria. Present your work to your trainer for evaluation and recording.

4. Perform job sheet 4.2-2 Evaluate your own work using performance criteria. Present your work to your trainer for evaluation and recording.After doing all the activity of this L.O., you are now ready to proceed to the next module. Ask your trainer for the assistance.

INFORMATION SHEET 4.2-1Installing Electrical Protection system for lighting

and Grounding

Learning Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainees will be able to install electrical protection system in accordance with the PEC and in line with the job requirements.

Fuse, Breaker and Panel Board

Fuse is defined as; an over all current protective device with a circuit opening fusible element which opens (break) when there is an over current in the circuit.

The fuse is a onetime protective device to e replaced after the fault is cleared. It is the simplest and most common type of circuit protective device used in most common house wiring installations. It is available in hundred design ratings and shapes but basically, the same in functions.

Generally, fuse consist of a link or write that easily melt at low temperature classified into two types:

1. The cartridge type which is enclosed in an insulting fiber tube and

2. The plug fuse type enclosed in a porcelain cap.

TABLE 3-3 FUSE RATING AND CONSTRUCTIONCurrent Ratings Remarks

0 to 1015, 20, 25 to 30

Plug fuse construction mas. 150 v. To ground

0 to 1035, 40, 45, 50 to 60

Cartridge type with ferrules single and dual element 250 and 600 volts

70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600

Cartridge type, knife blade contacts: 250 and 600 volts

800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000,4000,5000, 6000

Cartridge type bolted knife blade contacts; 600 volts

Circuit Breaker

The circuit breaker is an over-current protective device designed to function as a switch. Basically, a circuit breaker is equipped with an automatic tripping device to protect the branch circuit from overload and ground fault. Circuit breaker can be manually tripped, so that, in many cases, it also acts as circuit switch.

Trip or Tripping refers to the cutting-off or disconnection of the current supply.

Advantages of Circuit Breaker over the Fuse

1. The circuit breaker act as switch aside from its being an over current protective device.

2. Unlike the fuse that has to be discarded after it was busted due to an over current flow, the circuit breaker trips off automatically and after correcting the fault, it is again readily available for switch on.

3. Circuit breaker can be multiple pole installed with 1, 2, or 3pole which will simultaneously protect and switch once to three lines. The fuse on the other hand, is a single pole, installed on a single wire that could only protect a single electric line.

4. The circuit breaker position is easier to detect. It could be closed, tripped, or open right at the handle. On the contrary, the busted fuse could not be detected easily because the melted fusible element is inside the fuse casing.

5. The circuit breaker can be manually tripped so that in many cases, it also acts as the circuit switch.

Advantages of the Fuse over the Circuit Breaker

Despite the advantages of the circuit breaker over the fuse, the later has also some advantages over the circuit breaker enumerated as follows:

1. One major advantage of the fuse over the circuit breaker is its reliability and stability. The fuse can stay on its position for ears and act when called on to act as designed.

2. To cost of the fuse is very much lower compared to that of the circuit breaker.

3. Circuit breakers has several moving parts which requires maintenance and periodic testing to be in good condition at all time.

TABLE 3-4 TYPICAL MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER CHARACTERISTICS

Frame Size

Amperes *

Trip Setting (Amp) Voltage Remarks

50

100

225

400/600

800/1200

600

15 20 30 40 50

15 20 30 40

50 70 90 100

70 90 100 125

150 175 200 225

125 150 175 200 225

250 300 350 400 500

250 300 350 400 500

600 800 1000 1200

400 600 800 1000

1200 1600

240

240

600

600

600

600

600

600

1-3 poles

1-3 poles

1-3 poles

1-3 poles

1-3 poles

2-3 poles

3 poles

Maximum cord and plug connected load to receptacle

Circuit rating(Amperes)

Receptacle rating(Amperes)

Maximum load(Amperes)

15 or 20 15 1220 20 1630 30 24

Permissible loadIn no case shall the load exceed the branch circuit ampere

rating. An individual branch circuit shall be permitted to supply any load for which it is rated. A branch circuit supplying two or more outlets or receptacles shall supply only the load specified according to its size and specified below:

a. 15 and 20 Ampere Branch circuit. A 15 and 20 Ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment, or a combination of both, and shall comply with:1. Cord and plug connected equipment not fastened in place. The rating of any one cord and plug connected utilization equipment not fastened in place shall not exceed 80% of the branch circuit ampere rating.2. Utilization Equipment Fastened in Place. The total rating of utilization equipment in place, other than luminaries (Lighting Fixtures), shall not exceed to 50% of the branch circuit ampere rating where lighting units, cord and plug connected utilization equipment not fastened in place or both, are also supplied.

b. 30 Ampere Branch circuit. A 30 ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavy-duty lamp holders in other than a dwelling unit(s) or utilization equipment in any occupancy. A rating of any one cord and plug connected utilization equipment shall not exceed 80% of the branch circuit ampere rating.c. 40 and 50 ampere Branch Circuit. A 40 and 50 ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply cooking appliances that are fastened in place in any occupancy. In other than dwelling units, such circuit shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavy-duty lamp holders, infrared heating units, or other utilization equipment.d. Branch circuit Larger than 50 ampere. Branch circuit larger than 50 ampere shall supply only non-lighting outlet load.

Circuit rating(Ampere)

Size of wire(mm2)

Maximum load(Amperes)

15 2.0mm2 1220 3.5mm2 1630 5.5mm2 24

Classifications/types of circuit breakers according to mounting method

1. Din Rail type mounted circuit breakersWith this method, a mounting rail is secured to the enclosure and the breaker is snapped onto the mounting rail. This allows replacement to be done quickly as the device can be unclipped and new one clipped on to the DIN rail. Conductors for the supply and load are typically secured to the breaker using pressure connectors that are tightened by some type of threaded fastener. The letters DIN stands for German Industry Standards. DIN rails are available in more than one physical size. The DIN rail mounting method is increasing replacing thru-bolt, foot, and plate mounting methods once more commonly used.

2. Bolted type circuit breakers. When a longer service life breaker is wanted, a bolted type is typically used. These types have a metal tab (one for each phase) sticking out from one end that is bolted to the bus bar with a machine screw (bolt type fine threads and not sheet metal screw type steep pitch threads). When replacing these types of breakers, the retaining bolts or machine screw will have power on them unless power to the entire panel board has been removed.3. Plug in type circuit breaker.

Principle and operation of a Circuit Breaker Often the most intimidating part of electrical work, installation of

a circuit breaker into most residential type electrical panels does not have to be dangerous. Here are some simple, step by step procedures to do it safely.

Step in installing a circuit breaker:

Step 1. Turn off power supply to the electrical panel

Turn off power supply to the electrical panel. Locate the Service Disconnect or Main circuit breaker in the panel, and set to the "Off" position. This circuit breaker is likely to be the largest value and located either at the top or bottom of the panel.

Step 2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations.

Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations. Pay particular attention to unused spaces at the top and bottom of the cover. Some manufacturers of electrical panels have removable knock outs or plates at these locations, but the panel itself lacks provisions to mount a circuit breaker.

Step 3. Remove the electrical panel cover.

Remove the electrical panel cover. Remove fasteners while a helper supports the cover, then pull straight away from the panel.

Step 4. Test the panel for power.

Test the panel for power. Use a tester or meter set to the highest AC voltage range (120 Volts minimum) available, and check for the presence of power by touching one probe to

ground or neutral (the bar that has bare or green and white wires connected - or the bar that has just white or just bare or green wires connected).

Step 5. Locate an unused space above, below or between existing circuit breakers.

Locate an unused space above, below or between existing circuit breakers. A single pole or single width circuit breaker will provide a a single 120 volt circuit (or in the case of a "tandem breaker" or "half width breaker" it will provide two 120 volt circuits - not a 240 volt circuit), while a double pole or double width circuit breaker will provide a 208 or 240 volt circuit.

Step 6. Select the correct circuit breaker.

Select the correct circuit breaker. The panel label will list all approved circuit breakers for installation.

Step 7. Locate the circuit breaker mounting points.

Locate the circuit breaker mounting points. The circuit breaker will have two mounting points. Both are mechanical contacts; one of which also serves as the electrical input contact.

Step 8. Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position.

Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position. The circuit breaker has 3 possible positions; ON and OFF and a mid position when TRIPPED.

Step 9. Install the circuit breaker by aligning with the unused space in the panel.

Install the circuit breaker by aligning with the unused space in the panel. Tilt the circuit breaker so that the mechanical contact point engages the support structure (rail, slot or clip).

Step 10. Connect the circuit.

Connect the circuit. After making sure the circuit breaker is still in the OFF position, connect the circuit conductors or wires to the circuit breaker terminal(s), ground and neutral bar terminal screws. Use appropriate oxide inhibitor when connecting aluminum conductors.

Step 11. Remove all foreign objects.

Remove all foreign objects. Remove, tools, wire scraps, etc. from the interior of the panel. Look for and remove accidental conductors in the panel that could cause a short circuit when power is restored.

Step 12. Install cover.

Install cover. Bring the cover up to the panel to compare the new circuit breaker location to the cover openings.

Step 13. Test.

Test. Standing to the side of the panel, restore power to the panel by setting the Service Disconnect or Main to "On" and then set the new circuit breaker to "On" Clear any short circuit before attempting a reset if circuit breaker instantly trips.

Step 14. Identify the circuit.

Identify the circuit. Locate the panel's circuit directory. It will often be found on the inside of the panel door.

Switchboard and Switchgear

The switchboard and switchgear are free standing assemblies of switches, fuse and circuit breakers that provide switching and feeder protection to a number of circuits connected to the main source. It distribute large amount of power into small packages. In hydraulic analogy, the main bus work of the switchboard is equivalent to a main header supplying water. So far there is no clear distinction between the switchboard and switchgear. Thus, a switchboard is a switchgear.

Low voltage switchgear

The most important junction in power distribution.

Low voltage switchgear MNS is based on a modular design of well tested technology using high quality ABB equipment and components, with ensured availability all over the world. It is manufactured in several factories all over the world and can provide life cycle long support near to its end users.

The MNS switchgear with fixed outgoing units and screw and bolt connections has proved to be a reliable and maintenance-free solution. The front door is locked, when the circuit breaker is in the I-position. The door can be opened for visual inspection of the equipment without interrupting the supply by using a specially designed method.

Install all grounding circuit components in straight lines. When necessary to make bends, do not make sharp turns. To prevent the electrode-discharged energy from re-entering the underground wires and cables, all electrodes shall be installed away from said wires and cables. The spacing between any two electrodes shall be as shown in the detail of page 1, so that they don’t compete for the same soil.

The earth-to-ground resistance of this circuit is to be measured using a Megger®, or other similar instrument, and the reading is to be no more than 10 ohms. If the resistance is more than 10 ohms, additional ground plates and PowerSet® are to be installed in the direction of an irrigated area at a distance of 10’, 12’, 14’, etc. It is required that the soil surrounding copper electrodes be kept at a minimum moisture level of 15% at all times by dedicating an irrigation station at each controller location. The irrigated area

should include a circle with a 10-foot radius around the ground rod and a rectangle measuring 1-foot X 24-feet around the plate.

. Mechanical clamps shall be permitted temporarily during the resistance test process, but are to be replaced with Cadweld “One-Shot" kits immediately thereafter.All underground circuit connections are to be made using an exothermic welding process by utilizing products such as the Cadweld “One-Shot" kits. Solder shall not be allowed to make connections. In order to ensure proper ignition of the “One-Shot", the Cadweld T-320 igniter must be utilized [Paige Electric part number 1820040.] The 6 AWG bare copper wires are to be installed in as straight a line as possible, and if it is necessary to make a turn or a bend it shall be done in a sweeping curve with a minimum radius of 8" and a minimum included angle of 90.

The Panel Board

The panel board is defined by the National Electrical Code as “A single panel or group panel limits designed for assembly in the form of a single panel.”

Panel board is popularly known as panel or electrical panel. /panel board is simply the box wherein the protective devices are grouped from which they are fed. If the devices are of fuses, it is called

fuse panel and if the devices are circuit breakers, it is called breaker panel.

Fuse and breaker however, are very rarely mixed in a panel, expect that a circuit breaker panel sometimes has a main switch and a fuse for overall protection of the panel. Basically, a panel consists of a set of electrical busbars where the circuit protective devices are connected.

A single phase, 3- wire panel is fed with two hot lines and a neutral line connected to the line buses and the neutral bus which varies in:

a. Ampere ratings of the busesb. Type of protective devices installed

Regardless whether the panel is flush or surface mounted type, it is described in the following manner:

House panel circuit breaker type, surface mounting

120/240 volts 150 amperes main

100/80 amp. 2 pole main circuit breaker

Branch breakers all 80 amp.frame

10-20 amp. Single pole 2-30 amp. 2 pole

1-20 amp. SP,GFI

Principles Applied in Installing Panel Board

1. The approach shall be accessible and more convenient.2. The panel board is centrally located to shorten the home

wiring runs.3. It must be installed near the load center, as in most cases

panel boards are mounted near the kitchen and the laundry where heavy duty loads are expected.

4. To limit voltage drop on the branch circuit, the panel board shall be located in such a manner that no circuit (wiring connections) exceed 35 meters long.

5. In the event that a circuit more than 35 meter long cannot be avoided, No. 10 AWG wire shall be used for runs up to 50 meters long and No. 8 AWG wire for longer circuits.

Self-check 4.2-1

I - Identification.

1. Is an over-current protective device designed to function as a switch?

2. What is the minimum AC voltage range in a circuit breaker?3. Provide switching and feeder protection to a number of

circuits connected to the main source?4. It is also called breaker panel?5. How many amperes main in 120/140 volts?

Answer key 4.2-1

1. Circuit breaker2. 120 volts3. Switchboard/switchgear4. Panel board5. 150

OPERATION SHEET 4.2-1Title: Installing Electrical Protection system for Lighting and GroundingLearning Objective: After reading this information sheet, the trainee should be able to install electrical protection system in accordance with the PEC and in line with the job requirements.

Supplies/Materials : GFCI Floor outlet Drawing and plans Wiring devices Panel board 6 branch 60 A main, 2-30A for outlet

and 2-15A for lightingEquipment and Tools :

Wiring booth Set of pliers Set of screw drivers Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)

Steps/Procedure in installing a circuit breaker:

1. Turn off power supply to the electrical panel.2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused

locations.3. Remove the electrical panel cover.4. Test the panel for power.5. Locate an unused space above, below or between existing

circuit breakers.6. Select the correct circuit breaker.7. Locate the circuit breaker mounting points.8. Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position.9. Install the circuit breaker by aligning with the unused space

in the panel.10. Connect the circuit.11. Remove all foreign objects.12. Install cover.13. Test.14. Identify the circuit.

Assessment Method: Direct Observation and Questioning Demonstration

JOB SHEET 4.2-1Title: Installing Electrical Protection system for Lighting and GroundingPerformance Objective: Given the necessary equipment,

tools and materials, assemble the fluorescent lighting fixture in line with the job requirements

Supplies/Materials : GFCI Floor outlet Drawing and plans Wiring devices Panel board 6 branch 60 A main, 2-30A for outlet

and 2-15A for lightingEquipment and Tools :

Wiring booth Set of pliers Set of screw drivers Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)

Steps/Procedure:1. Use appropriate PPE before starting this job.2. Read and interpret the given drawing.3. Layout the given drawing in wiring booth with the correct

measurement.4. Install electrical protection system correctly, follow

procedure in operation sheet 4.1-1. Have your trainer check your work.

5. Test your work by supplying power. Note. Do not test without the presence of the instructor.

6. Clean work area, and returned equipment and material proper storage.

Assessment Method: Direct Observation and Questioning Demonstration

Performance Criteria Checklist 4.2-1

CRITERIADid you….

YES NO

1. Install panel board and wiring devices are properly aligns.

2. Install panel board and wiring devices measurement are correct.

3. Install panel board and wiring devices are properly function.

4. Observed safety in performing the job.5. Cleaned work area.

For satisfactory achievement, all items should receive a yes response.

References

1. htt://windows.microlsoft.com/en-ph/windows-vistas2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology3. www.ehow.com 4. www.google.com