CBD Strategy and Action Plan - Malawi (English version) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II is a framework for action that will guide Malawi to sustainably manage its

PREFACE

Biodiversity provides goods and services in the form of ecosystems, species and genetic resources

for human well-being and economic development. Malawi is endowed with unique flora, fauna

and ecosystems, which provide various benefits such as food, shelter, medicine, ecological as

well as cultural and spiritual services. The sustainability of biodiversity in Malawi is threatened

by habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation of biological resources, pollution, climate

change and infestation of invasive alien species. Despite all these threats, Malawi is committed to

improve the status and promote sustainable utilization of biodiversity in the country.

This National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II is a framework for action that will guide

Malawi to sustainably manage its biodiversity. The Strategy outlines the status of the biological

resources in Malawi and provides strategies, targets and actions to be taken to ensure their

sustainable management.. This Strategy strives to attain improved capacity and knowledge

on biodiversity management; increased mainstreaming of biodiversity in sectoral and local

development policies and plans; reduced direct pressures on biodiversity; improved status of

biodiversity through safeguarding of ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; and enhanced

benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services. The strategy is in line with the Malawi

Growth and Development Strategy II, which prioritises biodiversity management programs

among other socio-economic and environmental issues.

This NBSAP was developed through a consultative process involving key stakeholders at

international, regional, national and local levels. I am confident that the same commitment that

prevailed during the revision process of this strategy will continue during its implementation.

The Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining is grateful to the Global Environmental

Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for the financial and

technical support rendered towards the development of this Strategy.

It is my sincere hope that this NBSAP will increase our appreciation of the rich biological resources

and that it will provide a strategic framework for improving environmental management in the

country.

Hon Bright Msaka, SC

Minister of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining wishes to express its appreciation to all the

stakeholders i.e. Government Ministries and Departments, academic, civil society, local authorities

and private sector that provided valuable information for the production of this document.

The Ministry recognises the following individuals for their tireless efforts in drafting and editing

this document: Dr. Aloysius Mphatso Kamperewera (deceased), Mpeta K. M. Mwanyongo,

Tawonga Mbale, Shamiso Najira, Clement M. Tikiwa, Monipher Musasa-Jenda, Peter Mmora,

John Mawenda, Mphatso Martha Kalemba from the Environmental Affairs Department; Dr. M.

Mwanyambo and Jameson Kamwendo from the National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens of

Malawi; Moffat Manase from the Department of Fisheries; Nolipher Mponya from the National

Plant Genetic Resources Centre; Jester Kaunga-Nyirenda from the Department of National Parks

and Wildlife; Titus Zulu from the Department of Forestry; Gerald Meke from the Forestry Research

Institute of Malawi; William Simwanza from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development;

Yohane Chimbalanga from National Commission for Science and Technology and Luka Nyirongo

and Lovemore Nyongo from the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining.

Special thanks should also go to Jodie Vanyo, former Fulbright-Clinton Fellow with the Ministry of

Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, who served as the graphic designer and final copy editor

for this document.

The Ministry further acknowledges the technical and financial support from the Secretariat to

the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Environment Programme and the NBSAP

Forum during the preparation of this strategy.

Ben Botolo

Secretary for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining

Malawi National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 – 2025)

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES...............................................................................................

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS.......................

1.1 Background........................................................................................................

1.2 Value of Malawi’s Biodiversity............................................................................

1.3 Status and Trends of Biodiversity.........................................................................

1.3.1 Ecosystem Diversity...........................................................................

1.3.2 Species Diversity................................................................................

1.3.3 Genetic Diversity...............................................................................

1.4 Threats to Biodiversity.........................................................................................

1.4.1 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation.......................................................

1.4.2 Over-Exploitation of Biological Resources...........................................

1.4.3 Invasive Alien Species........................................................................

1.4.4 Pollution........................................................................................

1.4.5 Climate Change................................................................................

1.5 Legal and Institutional Framework.......................................................................

1.5.1 Policies and Legislation.......................................................................

1.5.2 Institutional Framework.....................................................................

1.5.3 Financing Mechanisms.......................................................................

1.6 Biodiversity Mainstreaming................................................................................

1.7 Process of Developing the NBSAP II....................................................................

1.8 Lessons Learnt From Implementation of NBSAP I................................................

1.8.1 Implementation Obstacles.................................................................

1.9 Use of NBSAP II...................................................................................................

CHAPTER 2: STRATEGY FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN MALAWI...........................

2.1 Vision.................................................................................................................

2.2 Mission...............................................................................................................

2.3 Goal...................................................................................................................

2.4 Guiding Principles..................................................................................................

2.5 Strategic Objectives, Targets and Actions for Biodiversity Management............

2.5.1 Strategic Objective One: Improve Capacity and Knowledge

on Biodiversity Issues.................................................................................

2.5.2 Strategic Objective Two: Mainstream Biodiversity into National,

Sectoral and Local Development Plans.................................................

iii

iv

vi

1

3

3

5

5

6

9

10

10

11

12

12

13

14

14

14

16

16

17

18

18

19

21

23

23

23

23

23

24

26

i


CHAPTER 2: STRATEGY FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN MALAWI...........................

2.5.3 Strategic Objective Three: Reduce Direct Pressures on Biodiversity.........

2.5.4 Strategic Objective Four: Improve the Status of Biodiversity..................

2.5.5 Strategic Objective Five: Enhance the Benefits to All from

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services........................................................

CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS.................................................................

3.1 Implementation of NBSAP.............................................................................................

3.2 Institutional Arrangement.............................................................................................

3.2.1 Coordinating Agency................................................................................

3.2.2 Sectoral Agencies.....................................................................................

3.2.3 Local Councils...........................................................................................

3.2.4 Civil Society, Non-Governmental Organisations

and Private Sector....................................................................................

3.2.5 Academia and Research Institutions......................................................

3.2.6 Coordination Committees........................................................................

3.3 Communication, Education and Public Awareness of the NBSAP...........................

3.3.1 Approaches and Audience.......................................................................

3.3.2 Media of Communication........................................................................

3.3.3 Key Messages...........................................................................................

3.4 Financing the Implementation of the NBSAP II...................................................

3.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting................................................................

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................

ANNEXE 1: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED..................................................................

ANNEXE 2: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE NBSAP II.....................................................

ANNEXE 3: CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE NBSAP IN MALAWI.........................................................................................

ANNEXE 4: MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN.............................................................

ANNEXE 5: STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020

AND THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS...........................................................

Table of Contents

ii

21

27

31

34

37

39

39

39

39

40

40

40

41

41

41

42

42

42

42

45

47

49

62

66

76


LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

TABLES

Table 1: Species Diversity in Malawi......................................................................................................

Table 2: Comparative Figures of Large Mammal Populations in Nyika National Park

for 2009 and 2013.....................................................................................................................

Table 3: Provisions and Gaps on Biodiversity in Some ENRM Policies in Malawi.................................

Table 4: Categories of Stakeholders and Tools for Communication for NBSAP................................

FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of Malawi........................................................................................................................

Figure 2: Land Cover Change in Dzalanyama Forest Reserve..........................................................

Figure 3: Trends in Fish Catches in Lake Malawi in Tons Per Year....................................................

List of Tables and Figures

8

9

15

43

4

6

8

iii


ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ABS-CH Access and Benefit Sharing Clearing House

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resources Management

CBOs Community-Based Organisations

CCENR Cabinet Committee on Environment and Natural Resources

CEPA Communication, Education and Public Awareness

CHM Clearing House Mechanism

COP Conference of the Parties

CSOs Civil Society Organisations

DARS Department of Agricultural Research Services

DEAP District Environmental Action Plan

DESC District Environment Subcommittee

DF Department of Fisheries

DNPW Department of National Parks and Wildlife

DoF Department of Forestry

EAD Environmental Affairs Department

EMA Environment Management Act

FRIM Forestry Research Institute of Malawi

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms

GoM Government of Malawi

GR Genetic Resources

HIV/AIDS Human Immunovirus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

IAS Invasive Alien Species

IBAs Important Bird Areas

IKS Indigenous Knowledge Systems

IPR Intellectual Property Rights

LBSAP Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

LUANAR Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources

MEET Malawi Environmental Endowment Trust

MGDS II Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II

MK Malawi Kwacha

MMCT Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust

MoAIWD Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development

MoECCM Ministry of Energy and Climate Change Management

MoEP&D Ministry of Economic Planning and Development

MoF Ministry of Finance

Acronyms

iv


MoLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

MRA Malawi Revenue Authority

MZUNI Mzuzu University

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NCE National Council on Environment

NCST National Commission for Science and Technology

NEAP National Environmental Action Plan

NECCCS National Environment and Climate Change Communication Strategy

NEP National Environmental Policy

NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations

NHBGM National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi

NPGRC National Plant Genetic Resource Centre

NRC Natural Resources College

NSO National Statistical Office

PCANR Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources

POWPA Program of Work on Protected Areas

PPP Public-Private Partnerships

THA Traditional Healers Association

TK Traditional Knowledge

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNIMA University of Malawi

VNRMCs Village Natural Resources Management Committees

WESM Wildlife and Environment Society of Malawi

Acronyms

v


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (NBSAP II) provides Malawi’s strategies and

action plans for the management of biodiversity from the period 2015-2025. It has been prepared

in response to the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS II 2011-2016), which

prioritises biodiversity management programs among other socio-economic and environmental

issues. In addition, this strategy demonstrates Malawi’s commitment to the implementation of

Decision X/2 of the Tenth Conference of Parties (CoP10) of the Convention on Biological Diversity

(CBD), which requested parties to revise their strategies in line with the Global Strategic Plan for

Biodiversity.

This strategy describes Malawi’s unique biodiversity, which comprise a variety of ecosystems and

species. The greatest diversity of species in Malawi is in protected areas, comprising 87 forest

reserves, five national parks and four wildlife reserves that cover a total of 1.8 million hectares.

Aquatic ecosystems, on the other hand, cover 20% of the total land area of Malawi. They are a

habitat to several species of amphibians, reptiles and water plants. The highest diversity and

endemism of aquatic life is found in Lake Malawi, with over 1,000 species of fish.

Furthermore, some of Malawi’s biodiversity is conserved in gene banks and botanical gardens like

the National Plant Genetic Resource Centre, Agricultural Research Stations, National Herbarium

and Botanical Gardens, Academic Institutions and the Forestry Research Institute of Malawi. As of

the year 2014, the Malawi Genetic Resource Centre gene banks had over 4,613 accessions from

32 species and of these 4,097 are seed samples and 516 are vegetative materials collected from

all the districts of Malawi.

Biodiversity in Malawi contributes significantly to the economy and well-being of the people of

Malawi. For example, in the year 2010, forestry, fisheries and wildlife sectors contributed 12.8% to

its Growth Domestic Product (GDP). However, Malawi’s biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss

and fragmentation, invasive alien species, overexploitation, pollution and climate change.

This revised NBSAP addresses these threats and challenges affecting implementation of

biodiversity programmes,which include:

• Inadequate human and institutional capacities for biodiversity conservation;

• Inadequate co-ordination between and within institutions dealing with biodiversity;

• Lack of framework legislation on biodiversity;

• Weak enforcement of existing legal mechanisms;

• Inadequate integration of biodiversity conservation into sectoral plans ;

• Inadequate public awareness on the importance of biodiversity;

Executive Summary

vi


• Inadequate community participation in biodiversity management; and

• Inadequate funding for biodiversity management.

The goal of this strategy is to enhance the management of biodiversity for economic growth and

well-being of the present and future generations. This will be achieved through the attainment of

the following specific strategic goals:

a) Improved capacity and knowledge on biodiversity issues;

b) Increased mainstreaming of biodiversity management into sectoral and local development

planning;

c) Reduced direct pressures on biodiversity;

d) Improved status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity;

and

e) Enhanced access and benefit sharing from biodiversity and ecosystem services.

With a view to attaining these strategic objectives, 16 targets and a set of actions have been

developed.

To effectively implement this strategy, monitoring and evaluation plans have been developed.

Capacity building and public awareness plans have also been developed and have been annexed

in this document to ensure that there is adequate participation in implementing the strategy.

Further, a resource mobilization plan has been developed highlighting possible sources of

funding, which include the government of Malawi, local and international donors and the private

sector to finance implementation of this strategy. A total of US $117,000,000 has been estimated

as the amount of money required to successfully implement NBSAP II.

In conclusion, it is envisaged that this NBSAP will provide an avenue for achieving long-term

goals on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity as prescribed in the Constitution of

Malawi, National Environment Policy (NEP) of 2004, Environment Management Act (EMA) of 1996

and other national and sectoral policies, plans and strategies.

Executive Summary

vii

Chapter OneOverview of Biodiversity Status, Trends and Threats

Malawi National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 – 2025)3

Chapter 1: Overview of Biodiversity Status, Trends and Threats

1.1 BACKGROUND

Malawi is located in the southern part of Africa with a total area of 119,140 km2, of which 20% is water. The country is bordered with Tanzania to the north, Mozambique to the east, south and southwest, and Zambia to the west, as shown in figure 1. It is located between latitudes 90° 221° and 170° 031° S and longitude 330° 401° and 350° 551° E. The country has a tropical climate with variable temperatures, relative humidity and fertile soils. The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was estimated at US $3.5 billion in 2011, equivalent to per capita income of about US $360 (Bertelsmann, 2012). Currently, the population of Malawi is estimated at 15.4 million with an average density of 139 people /km2 and population growth rate of 2.8% per annum (GoM, 2012). This population is highly dependent on biological resources for its livelihood.

The country is endowed with a diversified natural resource base, which comprises of abundant water resources and unique and diverse flora and fauna. It has a tropical climate characterized by variable temperatures, rainfall, relative humidity and fertile soils.

Malawi recognizes the importance and the need to conserve biodiversity. In 2006, the Malawi Government developed the first National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) as a tool for biodiversity management. The NBSAP provides an avenue for achieving long-term goals on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in accordance with the Constitution, National Environmental Policy (NEP, 2004) and Environment Management Act (EMA, 1996) and other national and sectoral policies, plans and strategies. The NBSAP has been revised in response to the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS II) 2011-2016, which prioritises biodiversity management programs among other key socio-economic and environmental issues. In addition, NBSAP II demonstrates Malawi’s commitment to implement its obligation to

the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Global Strategic Plan on Biodiversity.

1.2 VALUE OF MALAWI’S BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity in Malawi is important for economic, socio-cultural and ecological purposes. Biodiversity contributes significantly to the economy and poverty alleviation in Malawi. For example, agro biodiversity was estimated to contribute about 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and more than 90% of employment and merchandise export earnings in 2010. Fisheries, forestry and wildlife sectors contributed 12.8% towards the GDP in the year 2010 (Yaron et al, 2011). Furthermore, through Community Based Natural Resources Management, especially in National Parks and Forest Reserves, communities have been able to integrate biodiversity conservation and rural development to contribute to rural poverty alleviation. Communities practice sustainable harvesting techniques of fish and wildlife, promote eco-tourism, and carry out income-generating activities like mushroom production and bee keeping, thereby taking away pressures on natural resources.

Biodiversity satisfies a number of socio-cultural functions in Malawi. Spiritually, most Malawian ethnic groups believe in the existence of a supernatural being or ancestral spirits that are associated with graveyards or mountain areas covered by forest biodiversity. For example, the Mang’anja of Nsanje worship their ancestral spirit M’bona in Khuluvi Forest. Gule wa Mkulu from the Chewa tribe and the Ingoma dance from the Ngoni tribe also have their regalia based on plants and animal products. These practices contribute to knowledge and conservation of biodiversity in sacred sites.

Furthermore, biodiversity provides other social benefits such as recreation and tourism. Major tourist attractions in the country include water bodies, national parks, wildlife reserves, mountains and cultural heritage that

Malawi National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 – 2025) 4


Figure 1: Map of Malawi



provide site seeing, photographic safaris and mountain hiking opportunities. Lake Malawi National Park, for example, is of global importance for biodiversity conservation particularly due to its fish diversity. It is a home to many hundreds of cichlid fish, nearly all of which are endemic to Lake Malawi, and are known locally as “mbuna.”

Biodiversity is also important for food, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. For example, Lake Chilwa wetland provides food such as wild birds and fish to the surrounding communities. It is estimated that more than 500,000 people along the major fishing areas depend on fish as a source of food and livelihood in Malawi. The fisheries sector provides 60-70% of total animal protein and 40% of total protein supply in Malawi.

Malawi’s plant diversity is important as traditional medicine and its extracts are used for pharmaceuticals, agricultural products and in cosmetics. Malawi has over 131 plant species that are used as medicinal plants. For example, the red fiber of the Baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) has high anti-oxidant levels, which makes it particularly important as a nutraceutical. The fruit powder from Baobab is also used as a food ingredient and has industrial applications ranging from juices, cereals, ice creams, dairy products or confectioneries.

Furthermore, biodiversity provides ecological services such as recycling of nutrients, control of local microclimates, regulation of local hydrological processes, regulation of the abundance of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals.

1.3 STATUS AND TRENDS OF BIODIVERSITY

Generally, the status of biodiversity in Malawi is declining. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the country are being modified and degraded and species composition is being altered due to unsustainable utilization

and management of natural resources. This section provides information on ecosystems, species and genetic diversity in Malawi. 1.3.1 Ecosystem Diversity

1.3.1.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems

Terrestrial ecosystems in Malawi include forests, mountains and grasslands. Protected areas have the richest biodiversity, while public and community areas are characterized by general degradation of resources largely due to habitat loss and overexploitation.

Malawi has 87 forest reserves, five national parks, four wildlife reserves and three nature sanctuaries. Most of these protected areas are Important Bird Areas (IBAs). Biodiversity in the protected areas contribute significantly to economic growth and poverty alleviation. An Economic Valuation of Natural Resources in Malawi (Yaron et al, 2011) reported that tourism generated 1.8% of the country’s total GDP in 2001 and 5.8% in 2007, respectively. In addition, surrounding local communities benefit from the protected areas through employment and direct consumptive use of biological resources from protected areas. For example, 4,491 people benefited from harvesting thatch grass and bamboo valued at MK 2,918,050 (US $18,238) in the Majete Game Reserve during the 2010/2011 financial year.

Malawi’s forest biodiversity is under threat primarily due to increasing human population, which has led to expansion of agriculture into marginal lands and increased demand for fuel wood and charcoal by rural and urban populations resulting in the exploitation of the remaining forest resources. Dzalanyama Forest Reserve is one of the most threatened natural ecosystems in Malawi due to tobacco curing, brick burning, firewood and charcoal production (Munthali et al, 2012). The dominant land cover in the reserve between 1990 and 2000 was forest, wetlands and grassland, but by 2008, bare land had taken over



grasslands and wetlands as the second dominant land cover in the reserve as shown in Figure 2 above.

1.3.1.2 Aquatic Ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystems cover about 20% of the total surface area of Malawi and are habitats to a diversity of fish and other aquatic fauna and flora. Major aquatic ecosystems in Malawi include lakes (Malawi, Malombe, Chilwa, Kazuni and Chiuta), rivers (Songwe, South Rukuru, North Rukuru, Dwangwa, Linthipe, Shire and Bua River), wetlands and other small water bodies. Aquatic ecosystems are important in Malawi as they provide goods and services such as fisheries, agriculture, livestock grazing, ecotourism, water supply, water purification, carbon sequestration and transport, among others.

The largest aquatic ecosystem is Lake Malawi, which covers a surface area of over 29,000 km2 and drains a catchment area of 100,500 km2. It is the largest and most significant water body in terms of fish production in Malawi, usually contributing over 60% of the total annual landings. The level of biodiversity in the aquatic environment of Lake Malawi is very high. The fish in Lake Malawi are one of the most remarkably diverse and abundant faunal groups in the world.

However, the lake ecosystem is under threat due to eutrophication from increasing multiple sources of nutrient loading from economic activities and development projects within the basin, climate change and limited implementation of appropriate management strategies that sustain productivity and fish biodiversity.

Similarly, Lake Chilwa wetland, which was declared a Ramsar site and a Man and Biosphere Reserve (MAB), is one of the aquatic ecosystems that has been affected by human population and climate change. Lake Chilwa water levels fluctuate widely due to seasonal changes in precipitation and evaporation (Jamu et al, 2011). These fluctuations result in several water recessions, including the complete drying out of the lake in 2010.

1.3.2 Species Diversity

1.3.2.1 Flora

Malawi has a rich plant diversity, which comprises of flowering and non-flowering plants. A great diversity of species is found in national parks, wildlife reserves, forest reserves and protected hill slopes. The country has over 6,000 flowering plant species (GoM, 2010), of which 122 are endemic and 248 are threatened based on the IUCN Red Data List

Figure 2: Land Cover Change in Dzalanyama Forest ReserveSource: Munthali et al, 2012.



(2013). However, there are more species of flora that are threatened but are not included on the IUCN Red Data List because of inadequate information about their conservation status. Plant species are economically important in provision of timber, firewood and construction poles. Some have ornamental value whilst others are used for medicinal purposes. Most of the plant species are found in forest reserves. Effective management of these forest species is achieved through collaborative efforts by both government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Control measures currently being implemented include regular patrols to prevent encroachment and theft of forest produce;and protection from bush fires. These measures are not fully implemented due to inadequate financial and human resources.

In addition, Malawi grows a wide range of cereals, pulses and tubers. Comprehensive surveys conducted on maize, sorghum and finger millet indicated that even though most of the local varieties for these crops have been lost from the communities, the National Genebank has preserved them. Mushrooming of hybrid varieties has contributed to loss of

local crop varieties from farming communities. Some of the varieties that have been lost include: “kanjerenjere” (early maturing maize variety) “kamchiputu” (aromatic sweet potato), “saopaalendo” (fast cooking bean variety) and a number of indigenous vegetables. Other factors that have led to loss of local crop land races from the communities include: habitat loss and fragmentation, human population increase, deforestation, lack of policy on conservation and sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources.

Production trends and research activities show that the following crops have been identified as neglected and underutilized: Eleusine coracana subsp. Coracana, Vigna subterranean, Sorghum bicolor, Pennisetum glaucum, Vigna radiata, Amaranthus hybridus, Cleome gynandra, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea rotundata, Plectranthus esculentus, Moringa oleifera, Cicer arietinum, Sesamum indicum and Cucurbita maxima. These species have a high nutritive value but their diversity is decreasing considering that their production is out competed by selected few major crops (GoM, 2008).



1.3.2.2 Fauna

Malawi’s ecosystems contain a remarkable diversity of fauna. Table 1 below shows species diversity, endemism and their conservation status.

As seen from Table 1, endemism is highest in fisheries and relatively low in birds, amphibians and reptiles, whilst in mammals, insects and microorganisms it is not known. Lake Malawi alone inhabits over 1,000 fish species belonging to 65 genera and 11 families. Fisheries are an important sector of Malawi’s economy.

Fish landings have been declining over the years mainly due to overfishing in shallow

waters. Figure 3 below indicates the catches of fish for the past four years in Lake Malawi.

From Figure 3, it can be noted that Chambo (Oreochromis species) catches decreased from 2,237 in 2010 to 1,501 in 2013 representing a 67% decrease. This could be attributed to the fact that Chambo is the most highly demanded fish on the market. As such, it is overexploited for economic gains. It can also be noted from Figure 3 that Usipa, (Engraulicypris engraucyprisardella) followed by Utaka (Capadichromis species), which are smaller fishes, have assumed high catches over the period. Though much research has not been conducted to establish the causes of this great species change, the dwindling stocks of larger fishes, especially Chambo, is

Species Total Species Endemic Threatened

Mammals 192 Not known 8

Birds 630 1 16

Amphibians 83 6 12

Reptiles 145 8 8

Fish >1,000 950 Not known

Insects 8770 Not known 8

Microorganisms 700 Not known Not known

Table 1: Species Diversity in Malawi Source: Malawi’s Fifth Report to CBD, 2014

Figure 3: Trends in Fish Catches in Lake Malawi in Tons Per Year

54,8

59

2,23

7

7,96

3

5,19

0

3,43

3

1,46

7

37,1

83

3,01

6

6,81

6

5,93

3

1,48

9

7,26

9

84,0

81

2,91

4 10,7

52

3,78

5

3,29

1

3,14

7

56,5

17

1,50

2

5,81

8

3,30

4

4,09

1

2,45

6

0

15,000

30,000

45,000

60,000

75,000

90,000

Usipa Chambo Utaka Kambuzi Mbaba Mlamba

Tons

Fish Type

Trends in Fish Catches in Tons per Year

2010 2011 2012 2013

Trends in Fish Catches in Lake Malawi in Tons Per Year



a result of illegal fishing as well as overfishing. The enormously high catches of the smaller fishers like Usipa are mainly to do with changes in the trophic ecology of the lake environment. The predators of these species such as Ncheni have reduced in number over the years whereas their prey, mainly lakeflies, have increased in numbers and also occur more frequently than they used to do in the recent past.

Mammal species, on the other hand, have undergone a severe decline in numbers, especially in recent years, mainly due to poaching and habitat loss. The Government is however taking several initiatives to increase the mammal populations in protected areas. The population census conducted in Nyika National Park in 2013 revealed that there was an increased trend in some large mammals in the park, as shown in Table 2 above. This is attributed to the Nyika Vwaza Transfrontier Project, which is aimed at sustainably managing the Nyika Vwaza Conservation area.

1.3.3 Genetic Diversity

Malawi has been selecting, domesticating, improving and using species that are valuable for agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial

functions. The country, however, has been experiencing genetic erosion mostly on agriculture species. In other species, the challenge has been inadequate taxonomic information on what is available. Genetic diversity is usually available in local land races.Genetic resources of different species are conserved at the Malawi Plant Genetic Resource Centre (MPGRC), Agricultural Research Stations, Botanical Gardens, Academic Institutions and the Forestry Research Institute of Malawi. For instance, the MPGRC has over 2,513 accessions from 32 species. Of these, 2,344 are seed samples and 169 are vegetative materials collected from all districts of Malawi (MPGRC report, 2013). A great deal of genetic resources used for food agriculture are also conserved on-farm by farmers and some are conserved in Community Seed Banks by non-governmental organizations that work with farmers such as the Biodiversity Conservation Initiative (BCI).

Malawi’s animal genetic resources comprise ruminant livestock, mammalian monogastrics and poultry. About 95% of the livestock are of the indigenous type, which has low fertility and growth performance, low milk yield (1 liter/day for cattle) and small body sizes. These species are at risk of genetic erosion due to uncontrolled crossbreeding

Species 2009 Survey Results 2013 Survey Results

Elephant 0 47

Eland 656 625

Roan 341 461

Zebra 112 279

Reedbuck 471 1,787

Bushbuck 10 51

Warthog 24 106

Duiker - Common 10 93

Duiker - Red 0 2

Bushpig 18 0

Klipspringer 0 10

Total 1,642 3,461

Table 2: Comparative Figures of Large Mammal Populations in Nyika National Park for 2009 and 2013



programmes, stock thefts and diseases. There are also smaller populations of exotic breeds and their crosses, which are mainly on large/commercial farms. The indigenous Malawi Zebu cattle account for more than 90% of all cattle found in Malawi.

Among domesticated small livestock, goats (Capra hircus) are the most popular in Malawi. The indigenous local goats are abundant, whilst the Boer goat is rare. Sheep (Ovis aries) are present in three genotypes in Malawi, the indigenous (local) types, the Dorper (an introduced breed from South Africa for mutton) and the Dorper crosses. The local sheep are highly abundant, the Dorper crosses being less abundant and the Dorper breed is extremely less abundant.

Poultry species raised in Malawi include chickens, pigeons, ducks, guinea fowls and turkeys. Data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (MoAIW) shows an increasing trend for chickens, guinea fowl and ducks but decreasing numbers for turkeys (GoM, 2010).

1.4 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

The threats to biodiversity in Malawi are mainly human induced and include habitat

loss, over-exploitation of biological resources, pollution, Invasive Alien Species (IAS) and climate change.

1.4.1 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation

Over the past years, increasing human population and economic development have led to several land use changes in Malawi that have driven biodiversity loss. Malawi’s human population was estimated at 13 million in 2008 and is projected to reach 20 million by 2020 (NSO, 2008). This high population growth has created a demand for settlement and agricultural land as well as natural resources such as fisheries and forest resources. This has



resulted in loss of habitats and species diversity, which is mainly driven by deforestation. The major causes of deforestation include indiscriminate cutting of trees, commercial harvesting and conversion of forest land to settlement and agriculture. Alternative land uses for urban development, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development and mining have also contributed to reduction or degradation of important habitats and ecosystems in the country.

Bushfires are also a major contributing factor to habitat destruction leading to changes in species composition of both flora and fauna. The problem is mainly pronounced during the dry season when the temperatures are high and the vegetation is flammable. The occurrence of bushfires has impacted negatively on the grazing land for both domestic and wildlife species. Some of the major causes for bushfires include mice hunting and uncontrolled burning for farming.

The Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining is sensitising communities and the general public on the dangers of bushfires through public awareness campaigns under the Sustainable Land Management (SLM) and Environment and Natural Resources Management (ENRM) Projects. Through these sensitisation initiatives, communities are involved in bushfire control by establishing fire fighting groups, formulating by laws and construction of firebreaks. The projects also

train communities in bee keeping to provide alternative sources of income to charcoal burning and to encourage communities to conserve biodiversity.

1.4.2 Over-Exploitation of Biological Resources

Rapid population growth in Malawi has increased demand for resources, which has led to overharvesting of natural resources like forests and fisheries. In the fisheries sector, for example, reports indicate that the number of fishermen operating in Lake Malawi alone has risen by 124% in the past decade, bringing the total number of fishermen to over 50,000. Fish stocks in Lake Malawi in the last two decades increased from about 30,000 metric tonnes per year to 80,000 per year in 2010 due to enormously high catches of Usipa and Utaka. The large-sized species have, on the other hand, continued to decline. One of the species most affected by the decline is Chambo (Oreochromis species), an endangered species. This species has been hugely over fished, with an estimated 70% reduction in the population over the past 10 years (Jamu et al, 2011).

Forest resources, on the other hand, have been overexploited because of an increasing demand for biomass energy, which is the main source of energy in Malawi. The 2008 population and housing census revealed that 43% of all households in urban areas use charcoal for cooking, 41.8% use firewood and only 13.6% use electricity (NSO, 2008). Approximately 1.4 million cubic meters of wood, equivalent to 15,000 hectares of trees, are cut per year to produce 6.08 million Standard bags of charcoal in the four major cities of Malawi (Kambewa et al., 2007). The clearing of vast amounts of forests for charcoal production has led to alteration of species compositions in the forests, as most of the trees favoured for charcoal production have been removed, leaving behind woodlands of lower quality (Kambewa et al., 2007). This has resulted in loss of species important for use in



traditional medicine, timber and food.

1.4.3 Invasive Alien Species

Invasive alien species (IAS) in Malawi cover both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and are in the form of plants, animals and microorganisms. One of the most notable invasive alien species in Malawi is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), notable for its economic implications and detrimental effects on biodiversity by reducing oxygen content in the aquatic ecosystems. Water hyacinth is widely spread in Shire River where it affects the generation of hydroelectric power and irrigation programs, hindering economic development of the country in the process. The Malawi Compact Environment and Natural Resource Management Project estimates that power shut downs resulting from weeds including water hyacinth, are estimated to cost US $27,000 per day and lead to industrial losses worth ten times this amount. In addition, damage to infrastructure in 2001 due to invasive alien species and debris cost US $12 million to repair. Measures to control water hyacinth started in the 1990s, when its impacts on the country’s water courses became serious. The Environmental Management Project, with funding from the World Bank, provided inputs into the control of water hyacinth in the Shire River, Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe. The programme provided resources to acquire and raise bio-control organisms, to train members of local communities in the release of these agents in infested areas, to manually remove the alien plant where it was abundant and to conduct awareness campaigns through the production of posters. While this and several other initiatives have succeeded in minimizing water hyacinth infestations in major watercourses, infestation of the alien plants in localized areas and private dams is still prevalent.

Other IAS like Pinus patula (pine), Rubus elipticus (Himalayan raspberry) and Pteridium aquillinum (Bracken fern) are found on Mulanje Mountain and Nyika National Park.

Pinus patula was introduced on Mulanje Mountain as a nursery crop to nurture the Mulanje cedar, but eventually became necessary to maintain it in pure stands to increase timber production in Malawi. Over time, mature Pinus patula started shedding seed that germinated and became invasive, hindering indigenous plant species growth. By June 2012, the Government, through the Mulanje Conservation Trust (MMCT), made a great achievement in the eradication of Pinus patula, where over 300 hectares of pine have been cleared. Bracken fern, on the other hand, has widely spread on Nyika National Park, the biggest National Park in Malawi, where it has invaded grasslands important for wildlife grazing and tourist attraction.

The agriculture sector has also been affected by several invasive alien species, including cassava mealy bug, cassava green mite, larger grain borer and spotted stalk borer that have caused great losses in agricultural production.

For Malawi to better manage invasive alien species there is a need to conduct comprehensive assessment and documentation of IAS and establish a programme with the primary goal of detection, quantifying the possible risk and warning managers before a respective alien species spreads beyond its point of initial introduction. There is also a need to put in place a monitoring system and conduct a risk assessment to predict the likelihood of a particular species becoming invasive, as well as come up with a means to report, verify the identifications and warn of new sightings.

1.4.4 Pollution

Biodiversity in Malawi is also threatened by pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage and industrial wastes. Currently over 70% of the farming population in Malawi uses inorganic fertilizers to enhance agriculture productivity. This type of reliance on chemicals for agricultural production has a negative ecological impact on habitats like



water and soil, which are continuously being contaminated.

Toxic substances and domestic or commercial sewage have also affected biodiversity in Malawi. Previous research on stream water and effluent from wastewater treatment plants in Blantyre revealed high phosphate levels ranging from 50 mg/l to 250 mg/l, (Sajidu et al., 2007). These phosphate levels, which are likely to be higher now, stimulate excessive growth of plants and toxic cyanobacteria in stagnant receiving water bodies, hence posing a threat to aquatic life and water quality. A study to monitor the concentrations of sulphate, sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, iron, nitrate and total dissolved solids in some rivers in Malawi showed that the concentration of these parameters increased towards the dry season and that these chemicals were more pronounced in the intestines and the liver of most fish, thereby threatening their survival (Kumwenda et al, 2012).

Pollution of rivers and other water bodies is also as a result of poor waste management in the cities. For example, only 30% of the total wastes generated (20,754 tonnes) in Lilongwe city is collected (UN Habitat, 2010) and the rest ends up in rivers or land where it is washed away when it rains. In some places like Kauma in Lilongwe, sewer wastes have been reportedly discharged directly into the rivers without being treated.

Although air pollution is not yet a big environmental problem in Malawi, generally,

in major urban areas gaseous emissions from industries, car exhaust fumes as well as burning of old tires pollute the air. In the rural areas, uncontrolled bushfires also pollute the air apart from destroying vegetative cover. Air pollution also arises from quarrying and coal mining activities (GoM, 2008). With the increased scope of these activities, air pollution could be a serious problem for biodiversity in Malawi in the coming years.

Government has been implementing several programs to control pollution in the country. The notable ones include the setting up of standards on pollution control and waste management and reduction in the tonnage of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons from 5.9 tonnes in 2005 to almost zero in 2010 (Ozone Secretariat, 2015).

1.4.5 Climate Change

Malawi is vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change. Floods and droughts are the most common occurrences that affect biodiversity in the country. Climate change, together with other drivers like siltation, is responsible for the declining water levels or even drying up of water bodies, resulting in low fish production. Severe droughts that have occurred over the years have caused major fish habitats like Lake Chilwa wetland to dry up in some years, leading to losses in fish stocks. Through the National Climate Change Program, the Sustainable Land Management and ENRM programs, the government has been sensitizing people on the need to replace tree cover in fragile ecosystems to ensure that the occurrences of floods are reduced in the rainy season.

Changes in the rainfall pattern have affected the planting period, making it difficult for indigenous crop varieties to survive. This has resulted in more people planting hybrid seed and other improved varieties, thus threatening the maintenance of indigenous seed varieties. For example, in the year 2012,



70% of groundnut cultivation was under improved varieties, most of which have a short maturation time, whilst only 30% was under indigenous varieties (ICRISAT report, 2013). If this kind of trend continues in most crops, indigenous crop varieties that carry unique genetic traits could be eroded in the near future. In some instances, promotion of improved crop varieties to ensure high yields per hectare has led to genetic erosion where improved varieties have completely replaced local varieties.

Although not scientifically proven, climate change impacts appear to affect Malawi’s fragile ecosystems, such as the montane forests. For instance, higher and previously cooler places on Mount Mulanje have become warmer and species compositions are changing, allowing low-altitude plant species to flourish. This may have direct result in the loss or poor performance of species that are adapted to cold temperatures like the Mulanje cedar (Nangoma, personal communication, 2014).

1.5 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

1.5.1 Policies and Legislation

Biodiversity management is not governed by single framework legislation in Malawi. However, appropriate umbrella policies and legislation have been formulated to address the problems and challenges of sustainable biodiversity management. These legal instruments include the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, 1995; National Environmental Policy (NEP), 2004; and the Environment Management Act (EMA), 1996. Other sectoral policies/legislation relevant to the implementation of biodiversity programs in Malawi include: the National Forestry Policy, 1996; National Forestry Act, 1997; Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy, 2001; Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, 1997; Wildlife Policy, 2000; National Parks and Wildlife Amendment Act, 2004; National Land Resources Management Policy and Strategy, 2000; The National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens Act, 1987; Water Resources Act, 1969; Irrigation Policy, 1998; Energy Policy, 2002; Biosafety Act, 2002; Biosafety (Genetically Modified Organisms) Regulations, 2008; National Biosafety and Biotechnology Policy, 2008; Patents Act, 1986; National Monuments and Relics Act, 1965; Plant Protection Act, 1969 and Local Government Act, 1998. Table 3 on the following page highlights some of the legislation, their gaps and areas of conflict that prevent effective regulation of biodiversity conservation in Malawi.

1.5.2 Institutional Framework

Malawi has an institutional arrangement aimed at creating an enabling environment for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and other biodiversity-related conventions. The current arrangement includes the central and local government levels through which relevant statutory corporation and non-governmental organizations participate. The organizations are linked through committees and focal points at various levels.

At policy level, the Cabinet Committee on Natural Resources and Environment (CCNRE)



Policy Provisions for Biodiversity Gaps/Area of Conflict in Policy

The National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens Act

(1987)

The Act provides for the development and management of herbarium and botanic gardens as national heritage for Malawi and the establishment of the National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi.

Museums Act (1989)

Provides for the establishment of Museums. It also provides for the collection, conservation, safeguarding, documentation, interpretation and communication on the tangible and intangible heritage of people and their environment for the purposes of study, education and enjoyment.

The role of museums in conserving natural history in and ex situ is not clearly explained.

Environmental Management

Act (1996)

The Act provides for the establishment of environmental protection areas and conservation of biological diversity and access to genetic resources. It also makes the provision of preparation of the National Environment Actions Plans (NEAPs), conducting EIA, pollution control and waste management.

The Act does not have regulations to enforce its provisions on access to genetic resources.

Forest Act (1997)

Provides for the conservation and management of forests.

Section 46 of the Forestry Act prohibits domestic use of forest resources except with written consent, while Section 4 of the EMA permits exploitation of resources for domestic use without prior written authority. The Forestry Act is under revision.

Fisheries Conservation

and Management

Act (1997)

To strengthen institutional capacity by involving various stakeholders in the management of fisheries; promotes community participation and protection of fish; and provides for establishment and operation of aquaculture.

Section 3(7) of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act does not recognize water officials as fisheries protection officers. Section 20 and 21 of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act are silent on EIA in granting of an aquaculture permit. The Act is being revised.

Land Policy (2002)

Promotes community participation and public awareness at all levels to ensure environmentally sustainable land use practices and good land stewardship; advocates for protection of sensitive areas and waste management

The Science and Technology Act

(2003)

The Act provides for the advancement of science and Technology in Malawi, which includes research in biodiversity and biotechnology

There are no regulations to implement the Act.

National Parks and Wildlife Act

(2004)

The Act provides for wildlife management, including identification of species that should be designated for protection.

Table 3: Provisions and Gaps on Biodiversity in Some ENRM Policies in Malawi



informs the cabinet on biodiversity issues to seek political guidance and support. They are supported by the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources and Climate Change (PCNRCC). These Committees get policy direction from the National Council on the Environment (NCE). The Technical Committee on the Environment (TCE) advises the NCE on technical issues and operates through working groups and steering committees. The National Biodiversity Steering Committee (NBSC) provides guidance to sectors involved in biodiversity management. At the local level, the District Environmental Sub-Committees (DESC) coordinate biodiversity issues in the district and Village Natural Resource Management Committees (VNRMCs) coordinate biodiversity activities at the community level.

The challenge that most of these committees face is the unavailability of funding to conduct frequent meetings and report on the various activities being implemented in their institutions. Meetings conducted are usually ad hoc to respond to emergency issues. Moreover, the monitoring and evaluation systems are not in place to track progress of implementation of their representative institutions.

1.5.3 Financing Mechanisms

Apart from establishing the various institutions

responsible for biodiversity management, Malawi has a financing mechanism, the Environment Management Fund (EMF), as provided for in the EMA. However, capitalization of the EMF is often too small to sustain meaningful implementation of biodiversity activities. Implementation of the NBSAP has mostly depended on donor support. Several donors, including the Royal Norwegian Embassy, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Irish Aid, Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and many others have been financing biodiversity conservation in the country. But the financial support provided has not always been adequate to achieve the targets set in NBSAP I. In this Strategy, a resource mobilization plan has been developed to help identify adequate funding for its implementation.

1.6 BIODIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING

The Malawi Millennium Development Goals Assessment Report (2013) identified that loss of biodiversity and degradation of natural resources are some of the barriers to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. This is so because sectors like agriculture, energy, trade, manufacturing and irrigation that have a potential to promote economic development and reduce poverty

Policy Provisions for Biodiversity Gaps/Area of Conflict in Policy

Water Resources

Management Policy (2004)

The overall policy goal is to ensure sustainable management and utilisation of water resources in order to provide water of acceptable quality and of sufficient quantities, ensure availability of efficient and effective water and sanitation services that satisfy the basic requirements of every Malawian and for the enhancement of the country’s natural ecosystems.

The policy does not provide guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic biodiversity.

National Environmental

Policy (NEP, 2004)

Seeks to manage, conserve and utilize biological diversity for the preservation of national heritage.

The policy, does not specifically address the issue of fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of biological and genetic resources.



are greatly affected by biodiversity loss. At the same time, actions taken to attain economic development and poverty reduction contribute to biodiversity loss. The inclusion of biodiversity as a priority in MGDS II is a step towards preventing biodiversity loss.

Apart from the MGDS II, considerations for biodiversity have been integrated in most Government sectoral policies, especially those that trigger land use changes like the agriculture, land, irrigation and mining policies. These sectors are required by law to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) prior to implementing projects that have potential impacts on biodiversity. These sectors have thus incorporated these requirements into their policies by providing the need to reduce negative impacts on biodiversity when implementing their activities. Some sectors have even gone further to produce sectoral strategies on how they will conserve biodiversity. For example, the agriculture sector has produced the draft Agrobiodiversity Strategy, which highlights how the sector will conserve biodiversity. Furthermore, the Malawi Plant and Genetic Resource Center under the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security is a custodian of plant genetic resources, particularly those that are used for food and agriculture. The irrigation sector, on the other hand, through national programmes like the Irrigation, Rural Livelihoods and Agriculture Development (IRLAD), implements environmental safeguards that promote biodiversity conservation.

In addition, the Government of Malawi Decentralized Environmental Management Guidelines integrate biodiversity considerations in the District Environmental Plans. Local Environmental Committees are engaged in formulation of these plans, which form part of the District Development Plan. Through these plans, biodiversity is implemented in all sectors at the local level. As such, projects from other organizations are scrutinized at the local level to ensure that they do not have negative impacts on biodiversity.

Furthermore, Lilongwe City Council is developing a Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (LBSAP) that highlights particular species and habitats to be protected in the city and how biodiversity and development can go together with the city’s development activities.

Even though efforts are being made to ensure that biodiversity is mainstreamed in different sectors, biodiversity loss is still on the rise. The major underlying cause is that important ecosystems in Malawi have not been adequately mapped out and valued; hence policy makers are not well informed as to how much biodiversity contributes to the economy.

1.7 PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THE NBSAP II

The process of preparing NBSAP II was coordinated by the Environmental Affairs Department, which is the national focal point for the CBD. A number of steps were followed during preparation, including stakeholder mapping; formation of a multi-sectoral task team; assessment of the status, trends and threats of biodiversity; and stakeholder consultations. Comprehensive desk reviews of the NBSAP I and other relevant documents were done to identify strategic and implementation gaps that would be addressed by NBSAP II. The challenges and lessons learnt in the implementation of NBSAP I have been highlighted in section 1.8.

To promote participation of stakeholders in the process (outlined in Annexe 1), a number of workshops were conducted to generate views from government departments, academia, non-governmental organisations and the private sector. In addition, the draft NBSAP II was presented to stakeholders at two national workshops. During the consultation process, the following issues and constraints affecting biodiversity management were identified and are addressed in this strategy:



• Inadequate human and institutional capacity to identify, monitor and manage biodiversity and ecosystems;

• Inadequate research in biodiversity-related issues;

• Inadequate public awareness and community participation on biodiversity management;

• Lack of framework legislation on biodiversity;

• Weak enforcement and implementation of existing legislation related to biodiversity;

• Weak co-ordination between and within institutions dealing with biodiversity management;

• Inadequate funding for biodiversity-related programmes;

• Lack of capacity to access financial resources provided via the financing mechanism of the Convention;

• Inadequate infrastructure and equipment for biodiversity management;

• Inadequate appropriate measures for conservation of natural ecosystems and species, restoration of degraded ecosystems and recovery of threatened species;

• High increase in the spread of invasive alien species;

• Lack of mechanisms for equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources;

• Increasing numbers of threatened species and populations;

• Lack of integration of the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the overriding priorities of the country’s economic, social development and poverty reduction programmes;

• Inadequate classification of important biodiversity ecosystems; and

• Low linkage between the CBD program of work and the NBSAP, such as Program of Work on Protected Areas (POWPA).

The NBSAP process developed 16 targets and corresponding actions. It further came up with action plans to determine responsible organizations, timeframes and

implementation arrangement.

1.8 LESSONS LEARNT FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF NBSAP I

Malawi’s first NBSAP has been used as a guiding document for institutions working in the field of biodiversity management, and positive progress has taken place in implementing some of the strategies that it outlined. A number of conservation programmes and projects for specific biodiversity components have been developed as a step towards implementation of the strategy. Progress has also been made in the advancement of Public-Private Partnerships in National Parks, which has led to the quick reintroduction and restocking of important animal species in Malawi. For example the concession of Majete Game reserve to African Peace Parks has led to the introduction of nearly extinct species such as the rhino. Although there has been significant progress in implementation of some of the planned actions in NBSAP I, some targets were not met. For example, the red data list was not updated as planned. Most of the targets that were not met during NBSAP I implementation have been revised and incorporated into NBSAP II.

1.8.1 Implementation ObstaclesCoordination

Malawi is diverse with complex ecosystems and a wide range of resources and users, which are governed by multiple managers following an array of national laws, policies and guidelines, as well as regional and international conventions, agreements and protocols. Responsibilities for biodiversity conservation are dispersed across sectors and not coherently articulated. Land use management strategies exist within the various governing institutions, from local to national levels, but these are parochial and do not specifically address biodiversity conservation. Guiding/policy instruments are spread amongst numerous implementing government bodies, which often do so without



considering the implications for the NBSAP. The instruments themselves conflict with one another and with the principles of sustainable development and resource use.

The complexity of this situation indicated that a strong coordinating body was necessary to ensure integrated management planning. Coordination in the implementation of the NBSAP was charged to the Environmental Affairs Department. The Department does not have any jurisdiction over other Ministries, i.e. it is not able to instruct other ministries to implement NBSAP actions even though it is a national strategy. Implementation of the strategy has therefore happened more by chance in those areas where other ministries are responsible for implementation of activities.

InformationKnowledge management system that ensure information flow between researchers, resource users and managers is not available. At present there are no formalized mechanisms for exchange of biodiversity information between and among the institutions. Even though Malawi developed the Clearing House Mechanism for Biodiversity, sectors have not populated it with recent data.

Institutional CapacityWithin local authorities and regulatory bodies, the number of staff technically qualified to collect, analyse, interpret and act on biodiversity data is often insufficient and existing staff are frequently needed to fulfil other critical duties. Institutions where this capacity exists are not currently well incorporated into the planning and policy process. Academic institutions mostly conduct ecological research and interaction between researchers, users, managers and communities is limited. Scientific findings are therefore rarely used to inform management decisions, particularly in relation to biodiversity. Baseline biodiversity data are limited and not integrated into management procedures, which inhibits the ability to understand land use impacts

and detect resource and biodiversity trends.

AwarenessPublic awareness about biodiversity and the NBSAP is generally low in all sectors. For example, during consultations, most of the respondents claimed to have been seeing the NBSAP for the first time. Public awareness of the extrinsic value of tourism is high, but there is little awareness of the relationship between human activities and biodiversity, and the concept of limiting natural resource use and growth in the agricultural sectors is not understood. This lack of awareness is apparent at all levels of society, from government through to individuals.

FundingThe biggest challenge to implementation of activities in NBSAP is availability of funding. Even when funding is available it is often difficult to get donors to invest in basic taxonomic research or long-term biodiversity monitoring schemes, which are priority areas within the NBSAP, as without baselines and trend data it is not possible to show the biodiversity status in terms of whether it is getting better or worse.

1.9 USE OF NBSAP II

The NBSAP II shall be used:

a) As a planning tool by Government, NGOs, private sector and other stakeholders to mainstream biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning processes;

b) As an instrument for investment in biodiversity conservation and/or co-ordination and support by development partners;

c) As a guiding tool for Malawi to oversee the implementation of its obligations to the CBD;

d) As a guiding tool for local councils to integrate biodiversity in their development plans; and

e) As a source of information to the general



public, researchers, private sector, civil society, NGOs and academia, among others.

Ph

oto

Cre

dit

Co

lin M

arti

n

Chapter TwoStrategy for Biodiversity Management in Malawi

23

Chapter 2: Strategy for Biodiversity Management in Malawi


2.1 VISION

By 2050, Malawi‘s biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and sustainably utilized with full participation of all stakeholders.

2.2 MISSION

To effectively implement programs that minimize the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the quality of life and contributing to human wellbeing and poverty eradication.

2.3 GOAL

To enhance the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for the environment and human well-being. This goal will be achieved through the following specific strategic objectives:

a) Improve capacity and knowledge on biodiversity issues;

b) Mainstream biodiversity management into sectoral and local development plans;

c) Reduce direct pressures on biodiversity;d) Improve the status of biodiversity by

safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; and

e) Enhance access and benefits sharing from biodiversity and ecosystem services.

2.4 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The following principles will guide this strategy:

a) Conservation of biodiversity is a form of natural resource management whose primary goal is to meet the needs and aspirations of both present and future generations;

b) Biodiversity has an intrinsic value and is vital for agricultural, medicinal, scientific, research, tourism and other socio-economic development;

c) Every person in Malawi has the

responsibility to fully participate and contribute to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity;

d) As custodians and users of biodiversity, local communities have knowledge, skills and information that can be utilized to promote sustainable management of biodiversity;

e) Coordination among various stakeholders at all levels ensures successful conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity;

f) International, regional and national cooperation, including sharing of information and appropriate technology, is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity;

g) The conservation of biodiversity is best done following the landscape and/or ecosystems approach;

h) The Government is responsible for providing direction and leadership in biodiversity management in Malawi;

i) Strategic and effective decision making on conservation and sustainable use is possible when individuals and policy makers have a better understanding and appreciation of biodiversity.

2.5 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND ACTIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT

This section provides strategic direction and actions to be implemented by 2025 on conservation and equitable sharing of benefits arising from sustainable use of biodiversity in Malawi. The strategic goals, targets and actions are closely linked and are in line with the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and Aichi Targets. Indicators for monitoring progress on individual targets have also been included. Explanatory and background text is provided at the beginning of each strategic goal and under each target, where appropriate. A timeline of the NBSAP II’s implementation plan can be found in Annexe 2. The capacity building plan for implementation of the NBSAP II can be found in Annexe 3. Annexe 4 contains the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan,

24



and Annexe 5 contains the strategic plan for biodiversity 2011 - 2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.

2.5.1 Strategic Objective One: Improve Capacity and Knowledge on Biodiversity Issues

Knowledge on biodiversity is important for effective implementation of conservation programmes. However, this knowledge is mostly limited to sectors that are actively involved in the management of environment and natural resources. Such sectoral institutions include the National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi (NHBGM), Museums of Malawi, Fisheries Department (FD), Agricultural Research Stations, Forestry Research Institute of Malawi (FRIM), Academia, NGOs and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), among others.

Similarly, human and institutional capacities are important in biodiversity management. The Government and other organizations have made efforts to strengthen capacity on biodiversity management through training provided by institutions such as the University of Malawi (UNIMA), Mzuzu University (MZUNI), Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) and Malawi College of Forestry and Wildlife. However, there are still gaps in areas such as taxonomic issues and biodiversity accounting. Inadequate infrastructure and financial resources also affect the existence of good institutional capacity for biodiversity management.

This strategic objective seeks to build and strengthen institutional capacities and collaboration to enhance research, collections, classification, packaging, monitoring and dissemination of biodiversity information to the general public and provide financial resources to support capacity building and information management.

Target 1: By 2025, human and institutional capacity for science and technology related to biodiversity is improved

Actionsa) Establish a National Biodiversity

Information Facility;b) Update an inventory of institutions that

are involved in biodiversity research and management;

c) Assess knowledge gaps and identify priority research areas;

d) Enhance institutional capacity to manage and monitor implementation of biodiversity programmes;

e) Increase the number of programmes on biodiversity research;

f) Strengthen the capacity of training institutions on biodiversity research and dissemination;

g) Strengthen human capacity to manage biodiversity.

Output Indicatorsa) A National Biodiversity Information Facility

Established;b) An updated inventory of institutions

involved in biodiversity issues;c) Number of biodiversity gaps and priority

research areas identified;d) Number of institutions with capacity to

carry out biodiversity research; e) Number of biodiversity research

programmes implemented;f) Number of institutions with the capacity

to manage and monitor implementation of biodiversity programs;

g) Number of people trained to manage biodiversity.

Responsible Institution: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; National Commission for Science and Technology; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Tourism and Culture;

25



Museums of Malawi; NHBGM; FRIM; NGOs; CSOs; and Academia.

Target 2: By 2025, traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of local communities are respected and harnessed in line with national and international legislation

The cultural diversity of Malawi has played an important role in sustaining biodiversity throughout centuries. In most cultures, areas rich in biodiversity have been designated as sacred or protected areas for a number of reasons. For example, graveyards all over Malawi are designated as sacred and protected areas where harvesting of forest and wildlife resources is prohibited. However, most of these conservation-sensitive traditional practices, beliefs and customs are rapidly breaking down and disappearing together with the biodiversity that they may have helped to conserve. This loss of extensive traditional knowledge systems, practices and innovations is a result of changes in the socio-economic environment. The impacts of such changes on biological and cultural diversity cannot be ignored.

Despite playing a role in the conservation of biodiversity, traditional knowledge systems, innovations and practices have not been adequately promoted and documented. By achieving this target, traditional knowledge systems, innovations and practices will be valued and properly utilized.

Actionsa) Update an inventory of traditional

management systems, innovations and practices in Malawi;

b) Conduct awareness campaigns among communities, researchers and NGOs to raise the profile on the value of traditional systems and knowledge;

c) Facilitate development of community protocols on traditional knowledge,

practices and innovations;d) Promote and upscale best traditional

management systems.

Output Indicatorsa) Inventory of tradition knowledge,

innovations and practices updated;b) Number of awareness campaigns

conducted;c) Number of community protocols

developed and implemented;d) Number of best traditional management

practices promoted and up-scaled.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Tourism and Culture; Ministry responsible for Local Government and Rural Development; NHBGM; FRIM; National Commission for Science and Technology; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Museums of Malawi; Academia; Ministry of Justice; Traditional Institutions; Local Communities; NGOs; and CSOs.

Target 3: By 2025, at least 50% of the Malawi population is aware of the value of biodiversity to ensure its conservation and sustainable use

Environmental education and public awareness plays an important role in improving people’s understanding of biodiversity and participation in conservation programs. Malawi developed a National Environment and Climate Change Communication Strategy (NECCCS) in 2010. The main objective of the NECCCS is to effectively and efficiently provide information, education and communication on environment and climate change issues that promote positive change for sustainable development. Despite having the communication strategy in place, there is limited knowledge on the values of biodiversity. It is important to raise awareness for active participation of organizations and individuals in biodiversity management.

26



Actions a) Develop a communication, education and

public awareness strategy for biodiversity;b) Integrate biodiversity issues in primary

and secondary school curricula;c) Conduct awareness campaigns on the

importance of biodiversity;d) Promote active participation of local

communities in biodiversity conservation through various Community-Based Institutions;

e) Publications to raise the profile on biodiversity in Malawi.

Output Indicatora) A Communication Education and Public

Awareness Strategy for biodiversity developed and operationalised;

b) Biodiversity integrated in primary and secondary school curricula;

c) Number of awareness campaigns conducted;

d) Number of active Community-Based Institutions;

e) Number of publications on Malawi’s biodiversity developed;

f) Number of CBNRM programs on biodiversity promoted.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; Media; Ministry responsible for Finance and Economic Planning and Development; Ministry responsible for Education, Science and Technology; NHBGM; Private Sector; NGOs; Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development; and Academia.

2.5.2 Strategic Objective Two: Mainstream Biodiversity into National, Sectoral and Local Development Plans

Implementation of biodiversity conservation programs is mostly done by sectors that are directly involved in environment and natural resource management. However, activities of all sectors have an impact on biodiversity.

Despite their economic, social and environmental importance, biodiversity and its ecosystem services are poorly understood and undervalued. It is important that relevant sectors are aware of the value of biodiversity so that they are fully engaged to ensure protection, conservation and restoration of biodiversity.

Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation and its value into sectoral policies and accounting systems will improve the management of biodiversity in Malawi.

Target 4: By 2025, biodiversity values are integrated into national, sectoral and local development policies and plans

Malawi’s economy is natural resource based and biodiversity has a high potential to contribute to the socio-economic development of the country. An economic valuation of natural resource use in Malawi established that the country is losing about 5.3% of GDP annually due to unsustainable natural resource management (Yaron et. al., 2010). It is vital to integrate biodiversity values into all development planning processes at the national and local level to realize its full potential towards the socio-economic development of Malawi.

The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II is a medium-term strategy designed to implement Malawi’s long-term aspirations as spelt out in its Vision 2020. It strives to foster more inclusive job creation growth to address unemployment and reduce poverty. This target aims to influence budget processes by providing evidence on the poverty biodiversity links and ensuring its inclusion during the revision process of the MGDS.

Actionsa) Conduct integrated ecosystem

assessments and economic analyses to

27



evaluate the specific contributions of biodiversity to the national economy and human well-being;

b) Integrate biodiversity poverty linkages into the Malawi Growth Development Strategy III;

c) Develop guidelines on how sectors and national planners can integrate biodiversity conservation into relevant policies and plans;

d) Identify and engage sectors to integrate biodiversity conservation;

e) Develop Local Biodiversity Strategies and Actions Plans (LBSAPs).

Output Indicatorsa) Evidence collected on the contribution of

biodiversity to the national economy and human well-being;

b) Biodiversity poverty linkages included in the MGDS III;

c) Guidelines for integrating biodiversity into policies and plans developed;

d) Number of sectors integrated biodiversity conservation issues;

e) Number of Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans developed.

Responsible Institution: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Tourism, Culture, Parks and Wildlife; Ministry responsible for Finance and Economic Planning and Development; NHBGM; National Commission for Science and Technology; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Local Government and Rural Development; NGOs; Private Sector; Academia; and Local Communities.

Target 5: By 2025, sustainable financing mechanisms for effective implementation of biodiversity programmes developed

The Government of Malawi and development

partners are the primary source of funding that support implementation of biodiversity programmes. However, there is still inadequate financing in biodiversity management. This target seeks to develop sustainable financing mechanisms for effective implementation of biodiversity programmes.

Actionsa) Develop and implement a Biodiversity

Resource Mobilization Strategy;b) Promote and implement innovative

finance mechanisms such as Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programs;

c) Develop and implement market-based approaches for biodiversity conservation including Payment of Ecosystem Services (PES).

Output Indicatorsa) A Biodiversity Resource Mobilization

Strategy developed and implemented;b) Number of ABS mechanisms and PPP

promoted;c) Number of market-based approaches for

biodiversity conservation, including PES initiatives, developed and implemented.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Finance and Economic Planning; Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development; Ministry of Trade and Industry; NGOs; Academia; Malawi Revenue Authority; and the Private Sector.

2.5.3 Strategic Objective Three: Reduce Direct Pressures on Biodiversity

Malawi continues to lose its biodiversity at an unprecedented rate mainly due to human-induced causes such as deforestation, encroachment into protected areas, poaching, over fishing, bushfires, introduction of invasive alien species, pollution and climate change.

Programmes and actions aimed at protecting and restoring degraded ecosystems and

28



sustainably managing biodiversity will be implemented to achieve this strategic objective.

Target 6: By 2025, at least 50% of the degraded terrestrial habitats are restored and protected

Malawi’s terrestrial habitats have been degraded and land use has changed due to population growth and shortage of land for agriculture. Protected areas have been encroached and species numbers are declining. This targets aims to identify the degraded habitats and restore them.

Actionsa) Identify degraded habitats;b) Identify habitats with high species

diversity;c) Develop, review and implement strategies

and programmes for restoring habitats;d) Develop and implement programmes to

protect habitats of high species diversity.

Output Indicators a) Number of degraded habitats identified;b) Number of habitats with high species

diversity identified;c) Number of strategies and programmes

for habitat restoration developed and implemented;

d) Number of programmes to protect habitats developed.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; NHBGM; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; FRIM; NGOs, CSOs, Academia; and Local Communities.

Target 7: By 2025, aquatic biodiversity is managed and harvested sustainably within safe ecological limits

Management of aquatic biodiversity in Malawi has been compromised over the years. This has been mainly exacerbated by ever increasing human population, land degradation, loss of species habitats, declining water levels and limited implementation of specific regulations, among others. The exploitation regimes of the aquatic species have not paid any respect to the safe ecological thresholds. For instance, exploitation of fisheries resources has not obeyed the acceptable maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels for most of the fish species. This target will aim to manage aquatic biodiversity and ensure that they are harvested sustainably within safe ecological limits.

Actionsa) Develop guidelines to promote integrated

watershed management;b) Develop programmes on integrated

watershed management;c) Promote use of legal fishing gear;d) Develop a national wetlands policy;e) Identify, rehabilitate and protect fish

spawning and nursing areas;f) Undertake ex-situ conservation of

threatened or endangered aquatic species;g) Review and implement strategies and

plans for management of endemic fish species;

h) Reduce fishing effort in shallow waters by promoting deep-water fishing.

Output indicatorsa) Guidelines for watershed management

developed;b) Number of programmes on integrated

watershed management developed;c) Number and type of legal water fishing

gear promoted;d) A National Wetlands Policy developed;e) Number of fish spawning areas for

29



important species identified and protected;f) Number of threatened or endangered

aquatic biodiversity species conserved; g) Number of strategies and plans for

management of endemic fish species reviewed and implemented;

h) Indices of use of illegal fishing gears in shallow waters reduced

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; Department of Forestry; Academia; Private Sector; NGOs; CSOs; and Local Communities.

Target 8: By 2025, area under forest cover is increased by 4% and managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity

The Government of Malawi continues to implement actions and measures designed to conserve biodiversity in forest reserves and ensure they are managed sustainably, while monitoring their impacts and considering ways to apply such measures effectively. The National Forest Policy safeguards favourable conditions for the preservation of forest habitats for biodiversity conservation. Efforts to safeguard and manage forest biodiversity sustainably will be intensified by increasing the areas of forests under protection, improving the quality of protected forest habitats through ecological restoration and enhancing nature management methods used in commercially utilized forests.

Actionsa) Review and implement effective

reforestation programmes that ensure survival and diversity of planted trees;

b) Develop and implement community-based programmes on conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity;

c) Promote improved forest management

techniques;d) Promote the use of alternative sources of

energy.

Output Indicatorsa) Number of reforestation programmes

reviewed and implemented;b) Number of community-based programmes

on conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity developed and implemented;

c) Number of improved forest management techniques promoted;

d) Percentage of consumers adopting alternative sources of energy.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; NHBGM; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; FRIM; Private Sector; NGOs; and CSOs.

Target 9: By 2025, invasive alien species and their pathways are identified and prioritized for control and prevention from movement and spreading in and out of the country

When compared against the desirable outcomes, it would appear that Malawi has not made significant progress towards the eradication and prevention of entry of invasive alien species in the country. Malawi’s fifth National Report to CBD (2014) reports that invasive alien species have grown in number from 29 to 31 with the inclusion of black wattle and Eucalyptus bug. Other attempts to document IAS in Malawi report numbers between 45 to 68. A proper documentation and definition of what should be regarded as invasive in the Malawian context is missing and some species that are regarded as native and welcome elsewhere in the country are regarded as invasive in other ecosystems in Malawi. For example, Mulanje Mountain alone

30



reports a total of 29 invasive species, 10 of which are not regarded as invasives in other parts of the country.

Invasive alien species disrupt the balance of natural ecosystems. They out-compete native species, affecting biodiversity in ecosystems. In some cases, invasive alien species may reproduce with native species and alter the gene pool, leading to hybridization and homogeneity and reducing genetic diversity. Therefore, invasive alien species and their pathways must be properly identified, controlled and eradicated.

Actions a) Compile documentation and maps on

IAS in Malawi, including an inventory of invasive alien species prevalent in the country;

b) Develop a national invasive species management plan;

c) Conduct awareness campaigns and build capacity of different stakeholders on how to identify, track and prevent IAS in their localities and on the threats of invasive alien species to biodiversity (cross-border inspection, quarantine and certification);

d) Procure and upgrade inspection infrastructure for tracking and identifying IAS in Malawi;

e) Conduct capacity-building initiatives on invasive alien species monitoring;

f) Monitor the entry and spread of invasive alien species;

g) Regulate and control movement and spreading of IAS.

Output Indicatorsa) A national invasive alien species

management plan developed; b) Number of invasive alien species identified

in different ecosystems;c) Infrastructure for management for IAS

procured;d) Number of awareness campaigns and

capacity-building initiatives on invasive alien species conducted;

e) Number of enforcement officers trained to

monitor invasive alien species.f) Number of IAS eradicated/area under IAS

managed.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; FRIM; NHBGM; Academia; Ministry responsible for Trade and Industries; Malawi Revenue Authority; National Commission for Science and Technology; CSOs; and Local Communities.

Target 10: By 2025, pollution is reduced to minimize ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss

Pollution is one of the major threats to biodiversity in Malawi. Implementing the following actions will help to minimize ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss resulting from pollution.

Actionsa) Procure equipment for monitoring

environmental pollution;b) Conduct capacity-building initiatives on

monitoring of environmental pollution;c) Develop and implement polluter pays

principle regulations;d) Develop programs to promote the

reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes;e) Promote public-private partnerships on

waste management;f) Strengthen enforcement of policy and

regulatory frameworks for pollution control.

Output indicatorsa) Number of pieces of equipment for

monitoring of environmental pollution procured;

b) Number of capacity-building initiatives on monitoring of environmental pollution;

c) Regulations on polluter pays principle developed and implemented;

d) Number of programs to promote

31



reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes developed;

e) Number of public-private partnerships on waste management promoted;

f) Enforcement of policy and regulatory frameworks for pollution control strengthened.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; FRIM; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; NHBGM; Academia; Ministry responsible for Trade and Industries; Malawi Revenue Authority; Malawi Bureau of Standards; CSOs; City Assemblies; and Local Councils.

Target 11: By 2025, anthropogenic pressures on vulnerable ecosystems are minimized, thereby improving ecosystems resilience to climate change

There is ample evidence that climate change affects biodiversity. According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), climate change is likely to become one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss by the end of the century. Climate change is already forcing biodiversity to adapt either through shifting habitat, changing life cycles, or the development of new physical traits.

Conserving natural terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and restoring degraded ecosystems (including their genetic and species diversity) is essential for the overall goals of both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ecosystems play a key role in the global carbon cycle and in adapting to climate change, while also providing a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Biodiversity supports efforts to reduce the negative effects of climate change.

Conserved or restored terrestrial habitats increase the area for carbon dioxide sink. This target will aim to minimise anthropogenic pressures on vulnerable ecosystems to ensure that ecosystems are resilient to climate change.Actionsa) Promote alternative energy sources to fuel

wood and charcoal; b) Promote sustainable livelihood programs

such as bee keeping and mushroom production;

c) Identify and promote REDD+ program;d) Promote afforestation programmes;e) Promote initiatives on payment of

ecosystem services;f) Promote enforcement of legislation.

Output Indicatorsa) Number of alternative energy sources

promoted;b) Number of sustainable livelihood

programs promoted;c) Number of REDD+ programs identified

and promoted;d) Number of afforestration programmes

promoted;e) Number of initiatives on payment of

ecosystem services promoted;f) Enforcement of legislation promoted -

number of court cases; number of fines.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; NHBGM; Private Sector; NGOs; CSOs; and Academia.

2.5.4 Strategic Objective Four: Improve the Status of Biodiversity

Plant and animal species are threatened by habitat loss through urban expansion, human population growth, clearing of vegetation for agricultural production, forestry exploitation through removal of certain woody species for timber and poles, introduction of invasive alien species, fire, unsustainable harvesting of

32



other plant species for medicinal purposes, liberalisation of crop production and marketing. A general decline in plant and animals species has been observed in the country. For example, the population of roan antelopes and zebra in Vwaza wildlife reserves have dropped by 26% and 37%, respectively, between 2005 and 2008. (GoM, 2010).

In addition, genetic diversity is threatened with genetic erosion caused by the introduction of modern crop varieties and animal breeds that have been replacing the traditional crop varieties and livestock breeds. Genetic erosion is more pronounced in agro-biodiversity.

The Government is implementing a number of programs to safeguard the status of ecosystems, species and genetic diversity. These include, among others, the establishment of the Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre (MPGRC), which is responsible for the collection, documentation and preservation of plant genetic resources. This strategic objective aims to strengthen management of ecosystems, species and genetic diversity.

Target 12: By 2025, the extinction of known threatened species is prevented and their conservation status is improved and sustained

There has been a major decline in some species and reported cases of extinction. The rhino is the well known case of complete extinction in Malawi, but measures have been taken to reintroduce it in some of Malawi’s national parks. The following actions will assist Malawi to minimize extinction incidences and improve the status of known threatened species.

Actionsa) Update the National Red Data List; b) Increase connectivity between protected

areas and wildlife home ranges both locally and internationally;

c) Reintroduce species that have been locally extinct;

d) Develop and implement strategies to manage threatened and endemic species;

e) Conduct robust species monitoring using methods that account for both common and threatened species;

f) Identify and characterize biodiversity hotspots;

g) Ensure that current protected areas with special designations (biosphere reserves, Ramsar sites, world heritage sites) actively seek and are able to access funds through these designations;

h) Develop a National Action Plan for implementation of POWPA.

Output Indicatorsa) Red data list for Malawi updated;b) Number of wildlife corridors created; c) Number of species reintroduced;d) Number of strategies on endangered

species developed and implemented;e) Number of biodiversity hotspots identified;f) National Action Plan for implementation

of POWPA developed.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; NHBGM; Ministry responsible for Trade and Industry; Malawi Revenue Authority; Private Sector; CSOs; and Local Communities.

Target 13: By 2025, the genetic diversity of wild and domesticated plants and animals is maintained and safeguarded

Agro-biodiversity contributes to food security and increased employment opportunities, hence improved living standards. Implementing the following actions will enhance agro-biodiversity conservation in

33



Malawi.

Actionsa) Document community practices and

traditional knowledge on agro-biodiversity management;

b) Develop guidelines for collection, characterization and conservation of germplasm;

c) Conduct capacity-building initiatives on collection, characterization and conservation of species;

d) Procure equipment for collection characterization and conservation of species;

e) Update land use maps and management plans for biodiversity conservation sites;

f) Conduct research on genetic variation of domesticated wild plants;

g) Develop mechanisms to harmonize activities of organizations dealing with agro-biodiversity conservation (genetic material conservation);

h) Promote cultivation of indigenous plant species such as fruits and vegetables to enhance their preservation;

i) Maintain and promote local land races by establishing local community and provincial gene banks;

j) Promote farmers rights and collaborate on prioritization;

k) Collect representatives of common flora and fauna currently not available in the Herbarium and Museums’ Natural History collections;

l) Conduct targeted conservation research in biodiversity hotspots.

Output Indicatorsa) Number of indigenous species cultivated

and protected;b) Number of in-situ conservation sites of wild

relatives of cultivated plants established and protected;

c) Number of land races kept in gene banks and botanic gardens;

d) Number of species collected and kept in herbarium and natural history collection;

e) Number of collections with nutritive

potential established; f) Number of programmes aimed at

promoting farmer’s rights;g) Number of surveys to document traditional

knowledge used for agro-biodiversity conservation conducted;

h) Guidelines for collection, characterization and conservation of germ-plasm developed;

i) Number of capacity-building initiatives on collection, characterization and conservation of species;

j) Number of pieces of equipment procured for collection, characterization and conservation of species;

k) Number of land use maps and management plans updated;

l) Number of research studies on genetic variation of domesticated wild plants conducted;

m) Mechanisms to harmonize activities of organisations dealing with agro-biodiversity conservation developed;

n) Number of targeted conservation research conducted.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; NHBGM; Academia; NGOs; Ministry responsible for Justice and Constitutional Affairs; Ministry responsible for Local Government and Rural Development; Malawi Plant Genetic Resource Centre; CSOs; and Local Communities.

Target 14: By 2025, the level of protection on safe handling, transfer and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse impacts on biodiversity is strengthened, taking into account risks to human health

Malawi has made significant progress in biotechnology research and development. Currently Malawi is conducting trials for

34



insect-resistant cotton and herbicide-tolerant cotton that, when successful, will help smallholder farmers to minimize losses in their cotton harvests that currently arise from infestation of pests and diseases. However, knowledge on biodiversity is relatively low. This target will aim to ensure that the levels of protection on safe handling, transfer and use of living modified organisms is strengthened to ensure that there are no adverse impacts on biodiversity and human health.

Actionsa) Revise the Biosafety Act and regulations;b) Conduct public awareness campaigns on

biosafety legislation;c) Develop and implement a National

Biosafety Capacity Building Plan;d) Establish national systems for

documentation, management and information sharing on biosafety;

e) Establish an effective detection and monitoring system for biotechnology.

Output Indicators a) Biosafety Act and regulations revised;b) Public awareness campaigns on biosafety

legislation conducted;c) A national biosafety capacity-building

plan developed and implemented;d) A biosafety clearing house mechanism

developed and operationalised;e) An effective monitoring system for

biotechnology established.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources Energy and Mining; Ministry responsible for Health; National Commission for Science and Technology; Ministry responsible for Industry and Trade; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development.

2.5.5 Strategic Objective Five: Enhance the Benefits to All from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Ecosystems provide goods and services that are particularly important for human well-

being. The condition and functioning of ecosystems determines their ability to supply ecosystem services for people. However, Malawi has not fully benefited from utilisation of ecosystem goods and services because of inadequate policy and legislative framework. This includes a need to focus on supplying important ecosystem services as part of the management of natural areas. Also, access to genetic resources by entrepreneurs has not benefitted the people of Malawi. In 2010, the international community adopted the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation, to which Malawi is a party to. This strategic objective will ensure that benefits arising from utilisation of biodiversity are enhanced.

Target 15: By 2025, the supply of important ecosystem services is safeguarded and restored, taking into account gender roles and responsibilities of the youth, the poor and the vulnerable

This target will assist Malawi to enhance the participation of vulnerable groups, the youth, and women in biodiversity management. Further implementing this target will ensure that these groups benefit fully from the ecosystem services that biodiversity provides in Malawi.

Actions a) Develop policy and legislative frameworks

on biodiversity management that take into account the needs of vulnerable groups and gender roles;

b) Develop and implement collaborative management programs for the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the participation of vulnerable groups, including women;

c) Conduct awareness-raising campaigns in the fringes of protected ecosystems on biodiversity management from a poverty

35



and gender perspective; d) Develop programs to support alternative

income-generating activities that can take away pressure from the ecosystems, support livelihoods and address gender issues (e.g. bee keeping; energy efficient stoves)

Output Indicatorsa) Biodiversity policy and legislation

frameworks developed;b) Number of collaborative management

programs developed and implemented;c) Number of awareness programs on

biodiversity management;d) Number of income-generating programs

developed.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; NHBGM; Ministry responsible for Agriculture and Food Security; Ministry responsible Local Government and Rural Development; Ministry responsible for Gender and Disability; NGOs; CSOs; Academia; and Local Communities.

Target 16: By 2025, access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge is regulated and benefits arising from utilization of the resources and associated traditional knowledge are shared in a fair and equitable manner

Malawi is committed to implementing measures to promote access and benefit sharing in the utilization of its genetic resources, since its ratification to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing in 2014. This target responds to the need to develop a comprehensive policy and legislative approach on access and benefit sharing and establishing administrative arrangements for the effective implementation of the protocol.

Actions a) Develop legislation on Access and Benefit

Sharing (ABS) and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR);

b) Conduct sensitisation on the ABS and IPR legislation at all levels;

c) Develop a valorization strategy for Malawi;d) Strengthen capacity of institutions and

local communities to effectively participate in negotiations, regulation and monitoring compliance of genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge (TK) users;

e) Establish an effective system for monitoring and tracking compliance to ABS legislation;

f) Establish institutional and administrative structures to facilitate implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in Malawi;

g) Establish an effective mechanism for documentation, management and sharing of information related to ABS and ensure effective participation in the Access and Benefit Sharing Clearing House (ABS-CH).

Output Indicatorsa) Regulations on ABS and IPR developed

and operationalised; b) Number of sensitisation and awareness

campaigns on the ABS and IPR legislation; c) A valorization strategy for biodiversity in

Malawi developed;d) Number of capacity-building initiatives

and trainings in negotiation, regulation and monitoring compliance of GR and TK users conducted;

e) A system for monitoring and tracking compliance to ABS legislation developed and operationalised;

f) Institutional and administrative structures for implementation of the Nagoya Protocol established;

g) A national mechanism for documentation, management and sharing of information related to ABS developed.

Responsible Institutions: Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining; NHBGM; Ministry responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development; Ministry responsible for Local Government and Rural Development; Ministry responsible for Gender and Disability; Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture; Ministry

36



responsible for Trade and Industry; Ministry responsible for Justice and Constitutional Affairs; NGOs; CSOs; Academia; and Local Communities.

Chapter ThreeImplementation Arrangements

39

Chapter 3: Implementation Arrangements


This NBSAP II is a product of a consultative process involving all stakeholders in the management and utilization of biodiversity in Malawi. Effective and efficient implementation of the strategy and action plan requires effective institutional arrangements and mechanisms to facilitate active participation of stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to continually evaluate the performance and capacity of key institutions as well as institutional arrangements to ensure attainment of the objectives and targets set in the NBSAP II.

3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF NBSAP

Implementation of this strategy shall fall within the existing institutional arrangements at central and local government levels in which relevant statutory corporation, civil society, trusts and non-governmental organizations participate. Some of the institutions are as follows:

a) Ministry responsible for Natural Resources, Energy and Mining;

b) Ministry responsible for Information, Tourism and Culture;

c) Ministry responsible for Agriculture Irrigation and Water Development;

d) Ministry responsible for Finance, Economic Planning and Development;

e) National Commission for Science and Technology;

f) Ministry responsible for Local Government and Rural Development;

g) National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi;

h) Non-governmental organizations and Civil Society;

i) Academia, e.g. Universities of Malawi, Mzuzu and LUANAR;

j) Malawi Revenue Authority; andk) Ministry of Trade and Industry.

3.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

Malawi has in place an institutional

arrangement aimed at creating an enabling environment for implementation of biodiversity programs as discussed in Chapter 1. The current arrangement includes the central and local government levels in which relevant statutory corporation and non-governmental organizations participate. The organizations are linked through committees and focal points at various levels. Implementation of the NBSAP II will follow the existing institutional arrangement.

3.2.1 Coordinating Agency

Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, through Environmental Affairs Department (EAD), shall coordinate the overall implementation of the strategy. Its coordination mandate will enable it to balance concerns of both interested and affected parties under the CBD and other related conventions. The Environmental Affairs Department serves as a secretariat for implementation of biodiversity activities in Malawi.

The EAD will be responsible for;

• Facilitating harmonization of national environmental policies and legislation;

• Enforcing of legislation, capacity building, setting of standards and compliance monitoring;

• Identifying fragile ecosystems, biodiversity hotspots and threatened species that need protection and, where required, ensuring fulfilment of Malawi’s obligations to the Convention on Biological Diversity and other related international agreements;

• Mobilizing financial resources for the implementation of biodiversity targets as set in the NBSAP II; and

• Promoting participation of local communities, NGOs and CBOs in biodiversity conservation.

3.2.2 Sectoral Agencies

Sectoral agencies will be responsible for

40



ensuring the implementation of the relevant strategies and actions. Specifically they will be responsible for:

a) Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into their sectoral policies and plans;

b) Addressing sector specific issues prioritized in the NBSAP II;

c) Enforcing of legislation, capacity building, setting of standards and compliance monitoring;

d) Providing relevant guidance and support at national, district and local levels on biodiversity management;

e) Collecting and disseminating information on activities affecting biodiversity; and

f) Collaborating with the Environmental Affairs Department on relevant issues in NBSAP II.

3.2.3 Local Councils

Environmental management, including biodiversity conservation, is a decentralized function. As such, the roles of the local councils will include:

a) Coordinating the implementation of the NBSAP II in the councils;

b) Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations in Local Environment Action Plans and subsequently incorporating them in District Development Plans (DDPs);

c) Formulating and enforcing local policies and by-laws related to biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use;

d) Promoting and documenting traditional knowledge, innovations and practices in biodiversity conservation;

e) Monitoring biodiversity conservation programmes, including gathering, maintaining and disseminating accurate information;

f) Local communities will be responsible for implementation of the NBSAP.

3.2.4 Civil Society, Non-Governmental Organisations and Private Sector

Civil society, NGOs and private sector will be instrumental in the implementation of this strategy. Their functions, among others, will include:

a) Carrying out advocacy and awareness on biodiversity management;

b) Strengthening the capacity of community-based organisations and communities to implement biodiversity conservation programmes;

c) Promoting networking opportunities, especially among NGOs and other civil society organizations;

d) Assisting in promoting and documenting traditional knowledge, innovations and practices in biodiversity conservation;

e) Promoting and documenting traditional knowledge, innovations and practices in biodiversity conservation;

f) Assisting CBOs and communities to formulate and implement projects related to the NBSAP II, the convention and protocols; and

g) Contributing human and financial resources to support biodiversity conservation programmes.

3.2.5 Academia and Research Institutions

Academic institutions in Malawi play a vital role in capacity building, including research. Some of the key academic institutions include: University of Malawi, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Malawi College of Forestry and Wildlife and Mzuzu University. Their functions, among others, will include:

• Capacity building in biodiversity management;

• Collaborating with sectors on research and monitoring;

• Mobilizing financial resources for the implementation of biodiversity targets as set in the NBSAP II;

• Building specifically designed infrastructure and equipment for biodiversity management;

41



• Undertaking biodiversity research and increasing dissemination of knowledge on biodiversity.

3.2.6 Coordination Committees

The coordination and functioning of implementing organizations is linked through committees and designated focal points at various levels. Several decentralized structures have been established in the country to guide and support policy, legislation and programmes formulation as well as implementation of environment and natural resources management activities.

• The Cabinet Committee on Natural Resources and Environment (CCNRE) is the highest-level policy and decision-making body responsible for environmental policy issues. It informs the cabinet on the state of the environment and political guidance and support.

• The Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources (PCANR) lobbies Parliament on all environmental matters.

• The National Biodiversity Steering Committee (NBSC) provides guidance to various sectors, institutions and organizations involved in biodiversity conservation and management.

• The National Council on Environment (NCE) advises both the CCNRE and PCANR. As a policy advisory institution, the NCE operates through working groups and national steering committees. The NCE provides policy direction and monitors the implementation of biodiversity programmes

• The Technical Committee on the Environment (TCE), which advises the NCE, examines scientific issues and makes recommendations for action.

3.3 COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE NBSAP

NBSAP II recognizes that effective communication is vital for biodiversity conservation. Planning for conservation requires communication to gain the commitment and cooperation of people who use, have an impact on, or conserve biodiversity. Effective communication requires better analysis of the issues and the required remedies, better understanding of the target groups, a clear understanding of communication objectives, identification of appropriate means and media for consultative processes and communication products.

This CEPA provides a framework for delivering key messages and proposes actions to raise awareness on biodiversity to specific target audiences. It is expected that this plan will inform, educate and raise public awareness and support for the implementation of the NBSAP II and other biodiversity-related issues. This will be achieved through the following specific objectives:

i. Raise awareness of the NBSAP II to mobilize support for its implementation among various target groups;

ii. Improve public understanding of the value of conserving biodiversity;

iii. Promote public participation in the implementation of NBSAP II;

iv. Enhance institutional and individual capacity for communication on biodiversity issues;

v. Enhance accountability in implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NBSAP II.

3.3.1 Approaches and Audience

This strategy seeks to successfully communicate key messages on the implementation of the NBSAP II and other biodiversity-related management activities to many different targeted groups, including government agencies, NGOs, the private sector, development partners and the general public. The CBD focal point will coordinate the implementation of this strategy and will identify and work with key partners to create a

42



society that is well informed about the NBSAP II and its implementation.

3.3.2 Media of Communication

A key part of successful promotion requires the use of the most effective channels of communication to reach the target audience. Key messages will be delivered through;

• Websites (nccp.mw.org; www.chmmw.org);• Regular newsletters; • Workshops/meetings; • Bulletins and publications; • Radio and television programmes; • Other social media.

These channels of communications have been used inter-changeably in the past, depending on the type of message and the target audience. Resources will be mobilized to implement this strategy.

3.3.3 Key Messages

This strategy will provide a framework for appropriately communicating with stakeholders and target audiences regarding the implementation of the plans. Key messages will be relayed to the target audiences. The messages will include the following:

i. Values of biodiversity to the economy and human well-being;

ii. Sustainable use of biodiversity and strategies for its conservation;

iii. Information on major biodiversity concerns of Malawi as identified in the NBSAP II: habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, increased incidences of invasive species, pollution and climate change.

The Table 4 on the following page indicates the categories of stakeholders and the tools that will be used in communicating key biodiversity messages. A range of different options is given for suitable approaches for communicating with specific audiences.

3.4 FINANCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NBSAP II

The implementation of the strategy will take a programme-based approach with participation of various stakeholders. However, the Government does not have adequate resources to implement all the programs within the strategy. Therefore, it is expected that development partners, civil society, NGOs and private sector will support implementation of programs financially and technically.

3.5 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

This strategy will be implemented over a period of 10 years with a mid-term review after 5 years. The strategy will require regular monitoring and evaluation. The Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining shall be the lead agency responsible for monitoring implementation of the strategy. For effective monitoring and evaluation of programmes under the strategy, a comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation framework has been developed and placed in Annexe 4. This will form a basis for periodic reviews to establish progress made. To effectively monitor the implementation of activities under this strategy, the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining will coordinate preparation of annual work plans and reports based on performance and impact indicators. These reports will feed into quarterly technical working group and sector working group reviews. The reports will include the following:

• Annual reports from relevant sectors, NGOs, Private Sector, etc.;

• Annual reports from Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining;

• Periodic national reports to the CBD.

43



Target Audience Objective/Messages Communication Material

Policy Makers • To influence changes in policy and legislation.

• Values of biodiversity and the need to mainstream biodiversity in development planning and allocate financial and human resources to biodiversity concerns.

Meetings/workshops, media, brochures, policy briefs

Local Communities

• To inform and build awareness of the need to conserve biodiversity and encourage their participation in biodiversity conservation.

Meetings, workshops, media, films/documentaries, drama, pamphlets

General Public • Information on the values of biodiversity and how they contribute to human development and survival. Suggestions on how communities, schools and individuals can protect, conserve and sustainably use biodiversity.

Radio and television materials, video documentaries

Schools and Other Learning Institutions

• Information on how schools and youths can participate in biodiversity conservation.

Bookmarks, posters, newsletters, fact sheets, internet, research publications, targeted meetings. School activities - presentations, exhibitions, career day competitions - essay, art, quizzes, public exhibitions

Business and Their Associations

• Businesses depend on biodiversity for their raw materials and should therefore get involved in protecting and conserving biodiversity to ensure sustained supplies. Businesses should support the NBSAP II through their Corporate Social Responsibility.

Internet, trade fairs, newsletters, brochures and promotional material, meetings, compiled information and policy material

Research Institutions

• To receive updated information on the status and threats posed to biodiversity.

• To solicit assistance and build capacity in biodiversity conservation

Targeted meetings, workshops, internet, fact sheets, briefs, radio, research publications,reports, brochures, seminars

NGOs and Other Private Sector

• To inform and build awareness of the need to conserve biodiversity and encourage their participation in biodiversity conservation

Targeted meetings, workshops, internet, fact sheets, briefs, radio, research publications,brochures, seminars, project reports

Regional and International Institutions

• To solicit assistance and build capacity in undertaking activities in biodiversity conservation.

• To build partnership/networks to collaborate on projects in biodiversity conservation.

Consultation, meetings, email, internet, international seminars

Media • To provide information for public dissemination.

• To obtain support for publicizing issues on biodiversity vulnerability.

• To report on work done in biodiversity conservation

Press releases, media tours/visits, website, internet/email, media events and relations, media briefings, coverage in magazines, producing press releases

Table 4: Categories of Stakeholders and Tools for Communication

44



45 Malawi National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 – 2025)

References

REFERENCES

1. Bertelsmann Stiftung BTI (2012), Malawi Country Report; Gutersloh; Bertelsmann Stiftung

available online at www.bti-project.de/uploads/tx_itao_downloads/BTI-2012_Malawi.pdf;

2. Government of Malawi (2011); Economic Valuation of Sustainable Environment and Natural

Resource Use in Malawi. Ministry of Finance and Development Planning;

3. Government of Malawi (2006); Environment Management Act, Environmental Affairs

Department;

4. Government of Malawi (2014); Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity,

Environmental Affairs Department;

5. Government of Malawi (2010a), Guidelines for sustainable use of biodiversity in Malawi,

Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment;

6. Government of Malawi (2001), Lake Chilwa Wetland Management Plan, Environmental Affairs

Department;

7. Government of Malawi (2000), Lake Chilwa Wetland State of Environment, Environmental

Affairs Department;

8. Government of Malawi (2011a), The Second National Communication of the Republic of

Malawi to the Conference of Parties of United Nations Framework on Climate Change. Ministry

of Natural Resources, Energy and Environment;

9. Government of Malawi (2013), Malawi Economy Profile Overview, Ministry of Finance

10.Icrisat 2013; Personal communication;

11.Government of Malawi (2010), Malawi State of Environment and Outlook Report, Environmental

Affairs Department;

12.Government of Malawi (2008), Malawi Population and Housing Census, National Statistical

Office;

13.Government of Malawi (2012), Malawi Population Datasheet, National Statistics Office;

14.Government of Malawi (2006), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Environmental

Affairs Department;

15.Government of Malawi (2012), National Environment and Climate Change Communication

Strategy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining;

16.Government of Malawi (2002), State of Environment Report. Ministry of Natural Resources

and Environmental Affairs;

17.Government of Malawi (2004), National Environmental Policy, Environmental Affairs

Department;

18.IUCN (2014) Red List of Threatened Species; Available online at http:// www.iucnredlist.org/

apps/redlist/search;

19.Jamu D., Banda M., Njaya F., and Hecky R (2011). Challenges to ssustainable management of

the lakes of Malawi. Journal of Great Lakes research, 31:3-14;

References

46Malawi National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 – 2025)

References

20.Kambewa P., Mataya B., Sichinga K., and Johnson T., (2007), Charcoal: The reality, a study of

charcoal production, trade and production in Malawi, International Institute for Environment

and Development;

21.Kayembe M. (2008), Forest Co-management and Sustatinable livelihoods Programme, Mulanje

Mountain Conservation Trust;

22.Kumwenda S.; Tsakama M.; Kalulu K.;Kambala C (2012); Determination of Biological, Physical

and chemical pollutants in Mudi river, Blantyre Malawi. J. Basic Sci. Res. 2(7) 6833-6839, 2012

23.Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre report 2013, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation;

24.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), Ecosystem and Human Wellbeing: Biodiversity

Synthesis. World Resource Institute;

25.Munthali K.G. and Murayama Y., (2012); Land use /Cover change Detection and Analysis

of Dzalanyama Forest Reserve; Lilongwe, Malawi; Procedia, Social and Behavioral Science,

Elsevier Ltd, available online www.sciencedirect.com;

26.Sajidu S., Masamba W., Henry E., and Kuyeli S. (2007); Water quality assessments in streams

and wastewater treatment plants of Blantyre, Malawi, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,

Volume 32 Issue 15-18 pg 1391-1398;

27.UN Habitat (2010); Lilongwe Urban profile.


Annexe 1: List of Stakeholders Consulted

ANNEXE 1: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED

Government Ministries and Department

Alban Pulaizi Orton KachinjikaMoffat Manase

Department of Fisheries

John Mussa Department of Land Resources Conservation

Sipho BilliatWilliam Simwanza

Ministry of Finance and Economic Development

Khombe A. Department of Culture

Bernard Chimera Department of Livestock and Animal Health

Christopher SalemaDr. Tiwonge Gawa

Museums of Malawi

Dr. Zachariah MagomboDr. Montfort Mwanyambo Dr. MwafongoJameson Kamwendo

National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens of Malawi

Jester Kaunga NyirendaMary Chilimampunga

Department of Parks and Wildlife

Titus ZuluStella Gama

Forestry Department

Nolipher Mponya Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre

Tawonga Mbale Shamiso NajiraMpeta K. M. MwanyongoMichael MakonomberaBennon YassinVictoria Kachimera

Environmental Affairs Department

Research and Higher Learning Institutions

Dr. Chimwemwe Mhango University of Malawi - Chancellor College

Edwin Chiwona James KazembeWilson Jere

Lilongwe University for Agriculture and Natural Resources

Dr. T ChinyengaGerald Meke

Forestry Research Institute of Malawi

Leonard Manda Mzuzu University

Ishmael Kosamu University of Malawi – The Polytechinc

Civil Society

Bright PhiriAgatha ChimsewaWilliam Chanza

Centre for Environmental Policy and Advocacy

Gelvaz Thamala Wildlife Environmental Society of Malawi

Khumbo KamangaReginald MumbaClifford MwaleChris Mwambene

Coordination Union for the Rehabilitation of the Environment




Annexe 2: Implementation Plan for the NBSAP II

Parastatals and Private Sector

Chris Dhose Tree Crops Limited

David Nangoma Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust

Jonathan Vaughan Lilongwe Wildlife Centre

Karen Price Malawi Environment Endowment Trust

Dr G.Y Mkamanga Biodiversity Conservation Initiative

Samuel Kamoto African Parks - Majete Wildlife Reserve

Mshawa Tembo Yohane ChimbalangaLyson Kampira

National Commission for Science and Technology

International Organisations

David ChalmersMadalitso Kaferawanthu

USAID

Michael Mmangisa UNDP - Poverty Environment Initiative

George Phiri Food and Agriculture organisation

Joseph Nagoli WorldFish Centre

Local Communities and the Youth

Chiza Duncan Mkandawire Nyika Vwaza Association

Gloria Masula National Forum for Youth Development

James Sadalaki Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve Association





AN

NEX

E 2:

IM

PLE

MEN

TAT

ION

PLA

N F

OR

TH

E N

BSA

P I

I

Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 1:

Im

pro

ve C

apac

ity

and

Kn

ow

led

ge

on

Bio

div

ersi

ty I

ssu

es

Targ

et 1

: B

y 20

25,

hu

man

an

d

inst

itu

tio

nal

ca

pac

ity

for

scie

nce

an

d

tech

no

log

y re

late

d t

o

bio

div

ersi

ty is

im

pro

ved

.

Targ

et 1

9: B

y 20

20,

kno

wle

dg

e, t

he s

cien

ce

base

and

tec

hno

log

ies

rela

ting

to

bio

div

ersi

ty,

its v

alue

s, f

unct

ioni

ng,

stat

us a

nd t

rend

s an

d

the

cons

eque

nces

of

its lo

ss a

re im

pro

ved

, w

idel

y sh

ared

and

tr

ansf

erre

d a

nd a

pp

lied

a) E

stab

lish

a N

atio

nal

Bio

div

ersi

ty In

form

atio

n Fa

cilit

y;

Mo

NR

EM,

NC

ST,

Mo

AIW

D,

Min

istr

y of

To

uris

m

and

Cul

ture

, M

useu

ms

of M

alaw

i, N

HBG

M,

FRIM

, NG

Os,

C

SOs,

A

cad

emia

5,00

0M

ultil

ater

al

Bila

tera

ls

like

Wo

rld

Ba

nk, A

fric

an

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Bank

, N

orw

erg

ian

Emba

ssy

FAO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Up

dat

e an

inve

nto

ry

of in

stit

utio

ns t

hat

are

invo

lved

in

bio

div

ersi

ty r

esea

rch

and

m

anag

emen

t;

c)

Ass

ess

kno

wle

dg

e g

aps

and

iden

tify

pri

ori

ty

rese

arch

are

as;

d)

Enha

nce

inst

itutio

nal

capa

city

to

man

age

and

m

oni

tor

imp

lem

enta

tion

of b

iod

iver

sity

p

rog

ram

mes

;

e) I

ncre

ase

the

num

ber

of

pro

gra

ms

on

bio

div

ersi

ty

rese

arch

;

f)

Stre

ngth

en t

he c

apac

ity

of t

rain

ing

inst

itutio

ns o

n b

iod

iver

sity

res

earc

h an

d

dis

sem

inat

ion;

g)

Stre

ngth

en h

uman

ca

paci

ty t

o m

anag

e b

iod

iver

sity

.

Targ

et 2

: B

y 20

25,

trad

itio

nal

kn

ow

led

ge,

in

no

vati

on

s an

d

pra

ctic

es o

f

Targ

et 1

8: B

y 20

20, t

he

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge,

in

nova

tio

ns a

nd

pra

ctic

es o

f in

dig

eno

us

and

loca

l co

mm

unit

ies

rele

vant

fo

r th

e

a) U

pd

ate

an in

vent

ory

of

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge

syst

ems,

inno

vatio

ns a

nd

pra

ctic

es in

Mal

awi;

Mo

NR

EM,

Min

istr

y of

To

uris

m

and

Cul

ture

, M

oLG

RD

, N

HBG

M,

3,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,





loca

l co

mm

un

itie

s ar

e re

spec

ted

an

d h

arn

esse

d

in li

ne

wit

h

nat

ion

al a

nd

in

tern

atio

nal

le

gis

lati

on

cons

erva

tion

and

su

stai

nab

le u

se o

f b

iod

iver

sity

and

the

ir

cust

om

ary

use

of

bio

log

ical

res

our

ces

are

resp

ecte

d, s

ubje

ct t

o

natio

nal l

egis

latio

n an

d

rele

vant

inte

rnat

iona

l o

blig

atio

ns, a

nd

fully

inte

gra

ted

an

d r

efle

cted

in t

he

imp

lem

enta

tion

of

the

Co

nven

tion,

wit

h th

e fu

ll an

d e

ffec

tive

pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of

ind

igen

ous

and

loca

l co

mm

uniti

es, a

t al

l re

leva

nt le

vels

b)

Co

nduc

t aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

ns a

mo

ng

com

mun

ities

, res

earc

hers

an

d N

GO

s to

rai

se t

he

pro

file

on

the

valu

e of

tr

aditi

ona

l kno

wle

dg

e;

FRIM

, NC

ST,

Mo

AIW

D,

Mus

eum

s of

Mal

awi,

Aca

dem

ia,

Min

istr

y of

Jus

tice,

Tr

aditi

ona

l In

stitu

tions

, Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es,

NG

Os,

CSO

s

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

c) F

acili

tate

dev

elo

pm

ent

of

com

mun

ity p

roto

cols

on

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge,

p

ract

ices

and

in

nova

tions

;

d)

Pro

mo

te a

nd u

psc

ale

bes

t tr

aditi

ona

l m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

s.

Targ

et 3

: B

y 20

25, A

t le

ast

50%

of

the

Mal

awi

po

pu

lati

on

is

aw

are

of

the

valu

es o

f b

iod

iver

sity

to

en

sure

its

con

serv

atio

n

and

su

stai

nab

le

use

Targ

et 1

: By

2020

, at

the

late

st, p

eop

le a

re

awar

e of

the

val

ues

of

bio

div

ersi

ty a

nd t

he

step

s th

ey c

an t

ake

to

cons

erve

and

use

it

sust

aina

bly

a) D

evel

op

a

com

mun

icat

ion,

ed

ucat

ion

and

pub

lic

awar

enes

s st

rate

gy

for

bio

div

ersi

ty;

Mo

NR

EM,

Min

istr

y of

In

form

atio

n,

Tour

ism

an

d C

ultu

re,

Med

ia, M

oF,

M

oEP

&D

, M

inis

try

of

Educ

atio

n,

Scie

nce

and

Te

chno

log

y,

NH

BGM

, Pr

ivat

e Se

cto

r, N

GO

s,

Mo

LGR

D,

Aca

dem

ia

2,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Inte

gra

te b

iod

iver

sity

is

sues

into

pri

mar

y an

d s

eco

ndar

y sc

hoo

l cu

rric

ula;

c) C

ond

uct

awar

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

on

the

imp

ort

ance

of

bio

div

ersi

ty;

d)

Pro

mo

te a

ctiv

e pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of lo

cal

com

mun

ities

in

bio

div

ersi

ty c

ons

erva

tion

thro

ugh

vari

ous

CBN

RM

in

stit

utio

ns s

uch

DES

Cs,

V

NR

MC

s, A

DC

, BV

Cs

and

W

ildlif

e C

lub

s.





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 2:

Mai

nst

ream

Bio

div

ersi

ty in

to N

atio

nal

, Sec

tora

l an

d L

oca

l Dev

elo

pm

ent

Pla

ns

Targ

et 4

: B

y 20

25,

bio

div

ersi

ty

valu

es a

re

inte

gra

ted

in

to n

atio

nal

, se

cto

ral

and

loca

l d

evel

op

men

t p

olic

ies

and

p

lan

s

Targ

et 2

: By

2020

, at

the

late

st, b

iod

iver

sity

va

lues

hav

e b

een

inte

gra

ted

into

nat

iona

l an

d lo

cal d

evel

op

men

t an

d p

ove

rty

red

ucti

on

stra

teg

ies

and

pla

nnin

g

pro

cess

es a

nd a

re

bei

ng in

corp

ora

ted

into

na

tiona

l acc

oun

ting

, as

ap

pro

pri

ate,

and

re

po

rtin

g s

yste

ms

a) C

ond

uct

inte

gra

ted

ec

osy

stem

ass

essm

ents

an

d e

cono

mic

ana

lyse

s to

eva

luat

e th

e sp

ecifi

c co

ntri

but

ion

of

bio

div

ersi

ty t

o n

atio

nal

eco

nom

y an

d h

uman

w

ell-

bei

ng;

Mo

NR

EM,

Min

istr

y o

f To

uris

m,

Cul

ture

, Pa

rks

and

W

ildlif

e, M

oF,

M

oEP

&D

, N

HBG

M,

NC

ST,

Mo

AIW

D,

Mo

LGR

D,

NG

Os,

Pri

vate

Se

cto

r,

Aca

dem

ia,

Loca

l C

om

mun

ities

8,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Inte

gra

te b

iod

iver

sity

p

ove

rty

linka

ges

into

th

e M

alaw

i Gro

wth

and

D

evel

op

men

t St

rate

gy

III;

c) D

evel

op

gui

del

ines

on

how

sec

tors

and

nat

iona

l p

lann

ers

can

inte

gra

te

bio

div

ersi

ty c

ons

erva

tion

into

rel

evan

t p

olic

ies

and

p

lans

;

d)

Iden

tify

and

en

gag

e se

cto

rs t

o

inte

gra

te b

iod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n;

e) D

evel

op

LBS

AP’

s.

Targ

et 5

: B

y 20

25,

sust

ain

able

fi

nan

cin

g

mec

han

ism

s fo

r ef

fect

ive

Targ

et 2

0: B

y 20

20,

at t

he la

test

, the

m

ob

iliza

tion

of fi

nanc

ial

reso

urce

s fo

r ef

fect

ivel

y im

ple

men

ting

the

St

rate

gic

Pla

n fo

r

a) D

evel

op

and

imp

lem

ent

a Bi

od

iver

sity

Re

sour

ce M

ob

iliza

tion

Stra

teg

y

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

F,

Mo

EP&

D,

Mo

LGR

D,

Min

istr

y of

Tr

ade

and

1,50

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,





imp

lem

enta

tio

n

of

bio

div

ersi

ty

pro

gra

ms

dev

elo

ped

Bio

div

ersi

ty 2

011-

2020

fr

om

all

sour

ces,

and

in

acc

ord

ance

with

th

e co

nso

lidat

ed a

nd

agre

ed p

roce

ss in

the

St

rate

gy

for

Reso

urce

M

ob

iliza

tio

n, s

houl

d

incr

ease

sub

stan

tial

ly

fro

m t

he c

urre

nt le

vels

b)

Pro

mo

te a

nd im

ple

men

t in

nova

tive

fin

anci

ng

mec

hani

sms

such

as

Acc

ess

and

Ben

efit

Shar

ing

and

Pub

lic-

Priv

ate

Part

ners

hip

p

rog

ram

s

Ind

ustr

y,

NG

Os,

A

cad

emia

, M

alaw

i Re

venu

e A

utho

rity

, Pr

ivat

e Se

cto

r

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

c) D

evel

op

and

imp

lem

ent

initi

ativ

es o

n PE

S

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 3:

Red

uce

Dir

ect

Pre

ssu

res

on

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Targ

et 6

: By

2025

at

leas

t 50

% o

f th

e d

egra

ded

te

rres

tria

l h

abit

ats

are

rest

ore

d a

nd

p

rote

cted

Targ

et 5

: By

2020

, th

e ra

te o

f lo

ss o

f al

l nat

ural

hab

itats

, in

clud

ing

fo

rest

s,

is a

t le

ast

halv

ed

and

whe

re f

easi

ble

b

roug

ht c

lose

to

zer

o,

and

deg

rad

atio

n an

d f

rag

men

tatio

n is

si

gni

fican

tly r

educ

ed

a) I

den

tify

deg

rad

ed

hab

itats

;M

oN

REM

, M

oA

IWD

, N

HBG

M,

Min

istr

y of

In

form

atio

n,

Tour

ism

and

C

ultu

re, F

RIM

, N

GO

s, C

SOs,

A

cad

emia

, Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es

2,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Iden

tify

hab

itats

with

hi

gh

spec

ies

div

ersi

ty;

c) D

evel

op

, rev

iew

and

im

ple

men

t st

rate

gie

s an

d p

rog

ram

mes

fo

r re

sto

ring

hab

itats

;

d)

Dev

elo

p a

nd im

ple

men

t p

rog

ram

mes

to

pro

tect

ha

bita

ts o

f hi

gh

spec

ies

div

ersi

ty.

Targ

et 7

: By

2025

, aq

uat

ic

bio

div

ersi

ty

is m

anag

ed

and

har

vest

ed

sust

ain

ably

w

ith

in s

afe

eco

log

ical

lim

its

Targ

et 6

: By

2020

. all

fish

and

inve

rteb

rate

st

ock

s an

d a

qua

tic

pla

nts

are

man

aged

an

d h

arve

sted

su

stai

nab

ly, l

egal

ly a

nd

app

lyin

g e

cosy

stem

ba

sed

ap

pro

ache

s,

so t

hat

ove

rfis

hing

is

avo

ided

, rec

ove

ry p

lans

an

d m

easu

res

are

in

pla

ce f

or

all d

eple

ted

sp

ecie

s, f

ishe

ries

hav

e no

sig

nific

ant

adve

rse

impa

cts

on

thre

aten

ed

spec

ies

and

vul

nera

ble

ec

osy

stem

s an

d t

he

impa

cts

of f

ishe

ries

on

sto

cks,

sp

ecie

s an

d

a) D

evel

op

gui

del

ines

to

p

rom

ote

inte

gra

ted

w

ater

shed

man

agem

ent;

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

AIW

D,

Min

istr

y of

In

form

atio

n,

Tour

ism

and

C

ultu

re, D

oF,

A

cad

emia

, Pr

ivat

e Se

cto

r, N

GO

s,

CSO

s, L

oca

l C

om

mun

ities

2,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Dev

elo

p p

rog

ram

mes

o

n in

teg

rate

d w

ater

shed

m

anag

emen

t;

c) P

rom

ote

use

of

leg

al

fishi

ng g

ear;

d)

Dev

elo

p a

nat

iona

l w

etla

nds

po

licy;

e) I

den

tify,

reh

abili

tate

and

p

rote

ct f

ish

spaw

ning

ar

eas

for

imp

ort

ant

spec

ies;





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 3:

Red

uce

Dir

ect

Pre

ssu

res

on

Bio

div

ersi

ty

eco

syst

ems

are

wit

hin

safe

eco

log

ical

lim

itsf)

Und

erta

ke e

x-si

tu

and

co

nser

vatio

n of

thr

eate

ned

or

end

ang

ered

aq

uatic

b

iod

iver

sity

sp

ecie

s;

g)

Revi

ew a

nd im

ple

men

t st

rate

gie

s an

d p

lans

fo

r m

anag

emen

t of

end

emic

fis

h sp

ecie

s;

h) R

educ

e fis

hing

eff

ort

in

sha

llow

wat

ers

to

sust

aina

ble

leve

ls b

y p

rom

oti

ng d

eep

-wat

er

fishi

ng.

Targ

et 8

: By

2025

, are

a u

nd

er f

ore

st

cove

r is

in

crea

sed

by

4%

and

man

aged

su

stai

nab

ly,

ensu

rin

g

con

serv

atio

n o

f b

iod

iver

sity

Targ

et 7

: By

2020

, are

as

und

er a

gri

cultu

re,

aqua

cultu

re a

nd

fore

stry

are

man

aged

su

stai

nab

ly, e

nsur

ing

co

nser

vatio

n of

b

iod

iver

sity

a) R

evie

w a

nd im

ple

men

t ef

fect

ive

refo

rest

atio

n p

rog

ram

mes

tha

t en

sure

su

rviv

al a

nd d

iver

sity

of

pla

nted

tre

es;

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

AIW

D,

NH

BGM

; M

inis

try

of

Info

rmat

ion,

To

uris

m a

nd

Cul

ture

, FR

IM,

Priv

ate

Sect

or,

NG

Os,

CSO

s

5,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Dev

elo

p a

nd im

ple

men

t co

mm

unity

-bas

ed

pro

gra

mm

es o

n co

nser

vatio

n an

d

sust

aina

ble

use

of

fore

st

bio

div

ersi

ty;

c) P

rom

ote

imp

rove

d f

ore

st

man

agem

ent

tech

niq

ues;

d)

Pro

mo

te t

he u

se o

f al

tern

ativ

e so

urce

s of

en

erg

y.





Targ

et 9

: By

2025

, in

vasi

ve

alie

n s

pec

ies

and

th

eir

pat

hw

ays

are

iden

tifi

ed a

nd

p

rio

riti

zed

fo

r co

ntr

ol a

nd

p

reve

nti

on

fr

om

m

ove

men

t an

d

spre

adin

g in

an

d o

ut

of

the

cou

ntr

y

Targ

et 9

: By

2020

, in

vasi

ve a

lien

spec

ies

and

pat

hway

s ar

e id

entif

ied

and

p

rio

riti

zed

, pri

ori

ty

spec

ies

are

cont

rolle

d

or

erad

icat

ed, a

nd

mea

sure

s ar

e in

p

lace

to

man

age

path

way

s to

pre

vent

th

eir

intr

od

ucti

on

and

es

tab

lishm

ent

a) C

om

pile

do

cum

enta

tion

and

map

s o

n IA

S in

M

alaw

i, in

clud

ing

an

inve

nto

ry o

f IA

S p

reva

lent

in t

he c

oun

try;

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

AID

, FR

IM,

NH

BGM

, A

cad

emia

, M

inis

try

of

Trad

e an

d

Ind

ustr

ies,

M

alaw

i Re

venu

e A

utho

rity

, N

CST

, C

SOs,

Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es

6,50

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Dev

elo

p a

nat

iona

l IA

S m

anag

emen

t p

lan;

c) C

ond

uct

awar

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

and

bui

ld

capa

city

of

diff

eren

t st

akeh

old

ers

on

how

to

iden

tify,

tra

ck a

nd

pre

vent

IAS

in t

heir

lo

calit

ies

and

on

the

thre

at o

f IA

S to

b

iod

iver

sity

;

d)

Pro

cure

and

up

gra

de

insp

ecti

on

infr

astr

uctu

re

for

trac

king

and

id

entif

ying

IAS

in M

alaw

i;

e) C

ond

uct

capa

city

-b

uild

ing

initi

ativ

es o

n IA

S m

oni

tori

ng;

f) M

oni

tor

the

entr

y an

d

spre

ad o

f IA

S;

g)

Reg

ulat

e an

d c

ont

rol

mo

vem

ent

an s

pre

adin

g

of IA

S.





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 3:

Red

uce

Dir

ect

Pre

ssu

res

on

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Targ

et 1

0: B

y 20

25, p

ollu

tio

n

is r

edu

ced

to

min

imiz

e ec

osy

stem

d

egra

dat

ion

an

d b

iod

iver

sity

lo

ss

Targ

et 8

: By

2020

, p

ollu

tion,

incl

udin

g

fro

m e

xces

s nu

trie

nts,

ha

s b

een

bro

ught

to

leve

ls t

hat

are

not

det

rim

enta

l to

ec

osy

stem

fun

ctio

n an

d

bio

div

ersi

ty

a) P

rocu

re e

qui

pm

ent

for

mo

nito

ring

en

viro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tion;

Mo

NR

EM,

FRIM

, M

oA

IWD

, N

HBG

M,

Aca

dem

ia,

Min

istr

y of

Tr

ade

and

In

dus

trie

s,

Mal

awi

Reve

nue

Aut

hori

ty,

Mal

awi

Bure

au o

f St

and

ard

s,

CSO

s, C

ity

Ass

emb

lies,

Lo

cal C

oun

cils

14,0

00U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Co

nduc

t ca

paci

ty-

bui

ldin

g in

itiat

ives

o

n m

oni

tori

ng o

f en

viro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tion;

c) D

evel

op

and

imp

lem

ent

p

ollu

ter

pays

pri

ncip

le

reg

ulat

ions

;

d)

Dev

elo

p p

rog

ram

s to

p

rom

ote

the

red

uctio

n,

reus

e an

d r

ecyc

ling

of

was

tes;

e) P

rom

ote

pub

lic-p

riva

te

part

ners

hip

s o

n w

aste

m

anag

emen

t;

f) S

tren

gth

en e

nfo

rcem

ent

of p

olic

y an

d r

egul

ato

ry

fram

ewo

rks

for

po

llutio

n co

ntro

l.

Targ

et 1

1:

By

2025

, an

thro

po

gen

ic

pre

ssu

res

on

vu

lner

able

ec

osy

stem

s ar

e m

inim

ized

, th

ereb

y im

pro

vin

g

eco

syst

ems

resi

lien

ce t

o

clim

ate

chan

ge

Targ

et 1

0: B

y 20

15, t

he

mul

tiple

ant

hro

po

gen

ic

pre

ssur

es o

n co

ral r

eefs

an

d o

ther

vul

nera

ble

ec

osy

stem

s im

pact

ed

by

clim

ate

chan

ge

or

oce

an a

cid

ifica

tion

are

min

imiz

ed, s

o a

s to

m

aint

ain

thei

r in

teg

rity

an

d f

unct

ioni

ng

a) P

rom

ote

alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy

sour

ces

to f

uel

wo

od

and

cha

rcoa

l;

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

AIW

D,

Min

istr

y of

In

form

atio

n,

Tour

ism

an

d C

ultu

re,

NH

BGM

, Pr

ivat

e Se

cto

r, N

GO

s, C

SOs,

A

cad

emia

5,00

0U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Pro

mo

te s

usta

inab

le

livel

iho

od

pro

gra

ms

such

as

bee

kee

pin

g a

nd

mus

hro

om

pro

duc

tion;

c) I

den

tify

and

pro

mo

te

RED

D+

pro

gra

ms;

d)

Pro

mo

te a

ffo

rest

atio

n p

rog

ram

mes

;





e) P

rom

ote

initi

ativ

es o

n pa

ymen

t of

eco

syst

em

serv

ices

;

f) P

rom

ote

enf

orc

emen

t of

le

gis

lati

on.

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 4:

Im

pro

ve t

he

Stat

us

of

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Targ

et 1

2:

By

2025

, th

e ex

tin

ctio

n

of

kno

wn

th

reat

ened

sp

ecie

s is

p

reve

nte

d

and

th

eir

con

serv

atio

n

stat

us

is

imp

rove

d a

nd

su

stai

ned

Targ

et 1

2: B

y 20

20, t

he

extin

ctio

n of

kno

wn

thre

aten

ed s

pec

ies

has

bee

n p

reve

nted

an

d t

heir

co

nser

vati

on

stat

us, p

artic

ular

ly o

f th

ose

mo

st in

dec

line,

ha

s b

een

imp

rove

d a

nd

sust

aine

d

a) U

pd

ate

the

Nat

iona

l Red

D

ata

List

;M

oN

REM

, M

alaw

i Pla

nt

Gen

etic

Re

sour

ces

Cen

tre,

M

oA

IWD

, M

inis

try

of

Info

rmat

ion,

To

uris

m

and

Cul

ture

, N

HBG

M;

Min

istr

y of

Tr

ade

and

In

dus

try,

M

alaw

i Re

venu

e A

utho

rity

, Pr

ivat

e Se

cto

r, C

SOs,

Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es

20,0

00U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Incr

ease

co

nnec

tivity

b

etw

een

pro

tect

ed

area

s an

d w

ildlif

e ho

me

rang

es b

oth

loca

lly a

nd

inte

rnat

iona

lly;

c) I

ntro

duc

e sp

ecie

s th

at

have

bee

n lo

cally

ext

inct

;

d)

Dev

elo

p a

nd im

ple

men

t st

rate

gie

s to

man

age

thre

aten

ed a

nd e

ndem

ic

spec

ies;

e) C

ond

uct

rob

ust

spec

ies

mo

nito

ring

usi

ng

met

hod

s th

at a

cco

unt

for

bo

th c

om

mo

n an

d

thre

aten

ed s

pec

ies;

f) I

den

tify

and

cha

ract

eriz

e b

iod

iver

sity

ho

tsp

ots

;

g)

Ensu

re t

hat

curr

ent

pro

tect

ed a

reas

with

sp

ecia

l des

igna

tions

ac

tivel

y se

ek a

nd a

re

able

to

acc

ess

fund

s av

aila

ble

thr

oug

h th

ese

des

igna

tions

;

h) D

evel

op

a n

atio

nal p

lan

for

imp

lem

enta

tion

of

PoW

PA.





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 4:

Im

pro

ve t

he

Stat

us

of

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Targ

et 1

3:

By

2025

, th

e g

enet

ic

div

ersi

ty o

f w

ild

do

mes

tica

ted

p

lan

ts, a

nd

an

imal

s is

m

ain

tain

ed a

nd

sa

feg

uar

ded

Targ

et 1

3: B

y 20

20,

the

gen

etic

div

ersi

ty

of c

ultiv

ated

pla

nts

and

far

med

and

d

om

estic

ated

ani

mal

s an

d o

f w

ild r

elat

ives

, in

clud

ing

oth

er s

oci

o-

eco

nom

ical

ly a

s w

ell

as c

ultu

rally

val

uab

le

spec

ies,

is m

aint

aine

d,

and

str

ateg

ies

have

b

een

dev

elo

ped

an

d im

ple

men

ted

fo

r m

inim

izin

g

gen

etic

ero

sio

n an

d

safe

gua

rdin

g t

heir

g

enet

ic d

iver

sity

a) D

ocu

men

t co

mm

unity

p

ract

ices

and

tr

aditi

on

kno

wle

dg

e o

n ag

ro-b

iod

iver

sity

m

anag

emen

t;

Mo

NR

EM,

Mo

AIW

D,

NH

BGM

, A

cad

emia

, N

GO

s,

Min

istr

y of

Ju

stic

e an

d

Co

nstit

utio

nal

Aff

airs

, M

oLG

RD

, M

alaw

i Pla

nt

Gen

etic

Re

sour

ce

Cen

tre,

C

SOs,

Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es

18,0

00U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Dev

elo

p g

uid

elin

es

for

colle

ctio

n,

char

acte

riza

tion

and

co

nser

vatio

n of

g

erm

pla

sm;

c) C

ond

uct

capa

city

-b

uild

ing

initi

ativ

es

on

colle

ctio

n,

char

acte

riza

tion

and

co

nser

vatio

n of

sp

ecie

s;

d)

Pro

cure

eq

uip

men

t fo

r co

llect

ion

char

acte

riza

tion

and

co

nser

vatio

n of

sp

ecie

s;

e) U

pd

ate

land

use

map

s an

d m

anag

emen

t p

lans

fo

r b

iod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n si

tes;

f) C

ond

uct

rese

arch

on

gen

etic

var

iatio

n of

d

om

estic

ated

wild

p

lant

s;





g)

Dev

elo

p m

echa

nism

s to

ha

rmo

nize

act

iviti

es o

f o

rgan

izat

ions

dea

ling

w

ith a

gro

-bio

div

ersi

ty

cons

erva

tion;

h) P

rom

ote

cul

tivat

ion

of i

ndig

eno

us p

lant

sp

ecie

s su

ch a

s fr

uits

and

ve

get

able

s to

enh

ance

th

eir

pre

serv

atio

n;

i) M

aint

ain

and

pro

mo

te

loca

l lan

d r

aces

by

esta

blis

hing

loca

l co

mm

unity

and

p

rovi

ncia

l gen

e ba

nks;

j) P

rom

ote

far

mer

s ri

ght

s an

d c

olla

bo

rate

in

pri

ori

tiza

tion;

k) C

olle

ct r

epre

sent

ativ

es o

f co

mm

on

flora

and

fau

na

curr

ently

no

t av

aila

ble

in

the

Her

bari

um a

nd

Mus

eum

s’ N

atur

al

His

tory

co

llect

ions

;

l) C

ond

uct

targ

eted

co

nser

vatio

n re

sear

ch in

b

iod

iver

sity

ho

tsp

ots

.





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 4:

Im

pro

ve t

he

Stat

us

of

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Targ

et 1

4:

By

2025

, th

e le

vel o

f p

rote

ctio

n o

n

safe

han

dlin

g,

tran

sfer

an

d

use

of

livin

g

mo

dif

ied

o

rgan

ism

s re

sult

ing

fr

om

mo

der

n

bio

tech

no

log

y th

at m

ay h

ave

adve

rse

imp

acts

o

n b

iod

iver

sity

is

str

eng

then

ed,

taki

ng

on

to

acco

un

t ri

sks

to

hu

man

hea

lth

Targ

et 3

: By

2020

, at

the

late

st, i

ncen

tive

s,

incl

udin

g s

ubsi

die

s ha

rmfu

l to

bio

div

ersi

ty

are

elim

inat

ed, p

hase

d

out

, or

refo

rmed

in

ord

er t

o m

inim

ize

or

avo

id n

egat

ive

impa

cts,

an

d p

osi

tive

ince

ntiv

es

for

the

cons

erva

tio

n an

d s

usta

inab

le u

se

of b

iod

iver

sity

are

d

evel

op

ed a

nd a

pp

lied

, co

nsis

tent

and

in

harm

ony

wit

h th

e C

onv

entio

n an

d o

ther

re

leva

nt in

tern

atio

nal

ob

ligat

ions

, tak

ing

into

ac

coun

t na

tiona

l so

cio

-ec

ono

mic

co

ndit

ions

a) R

evis

e th

e Bi

osa

fety

Act

an

d r

egul

atio

ns;

Mo

NR

EM,

Min

istr

y of

H

ealth

, NC

ST,

Min

istr

y of

In

dus

try

and

Tra

de,

M

oA

IWD

10,0

00U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Co

nduc

t p

ublic

aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

ns o

n b

iosa

fety

leg

isla

tion;

c) D

evel

op

and

imp

lem

ent

a na

tiona

l Bio

safe

ty

Cap

acity

Bui

ldin

g P

lan;

d)

Esta

blis

h na

tiona

l sy

stem

s fo

r d

ocu

men

tatio

n,

man

agem

ent

and

in

form

atio

n sh

arin

g o

n b

iosa

fety

;

e) E

stab

lish

an e

ffec

tive

det

ecti

on

and

m

oni

tori

ng s

yste

m f

or

bio

tech

nolo

gy.

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 5:

En

han

ce t

he

Ben

efit

s to

All

fro

m B

iod

iver

sity

an

d E

cosy

stem

Ser

vice

s

Targ

et 1

5:

By

2025

, th

e su

pp

ly o

f im

po

rtan

t ec

osy

stem

s se

rvic

es is

sa

feg

uar

ded

an

d r

esto

red

, ta

kin

g in

to

Targ

et 1

4: B

y 20

20,

eco

syst

ems

that

p

rovi

de

esse

ntia

l se

rvic

es, i

nclu

din

g

serv

ices

rel

ated

to

w

ater

and

co

ntri

but

e to

he

alth

, liv

elih

oo

ds

and

w

ell-

bei

ng, a

re r

esto

red

an

d s

afeg

uard

ed,

a) D

evel

op

po

licy

and

le

gis

lativ

e fr

amew

ork

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

m

anag

emen

t th

at t

ake

into

acc

oun

t th

e ne

eds

of t

he v

ulne

rab

le a

nd

gen

der

ro

les;

Mo

NR

EM,

NH

BGM

, M

oA

IWD

, M

oLG

RD

, M

inis

try

of

Gen

der

and

D

isab

ility

, N

GO

s, C

SOs,

A

cad

emia

,

10,0

00U

NEP

, UN

DP,

WB,

N

orw

ay F

AO

, D

FID

, USA

ID

Iris

hAid

, UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or





acco

un

t g

end

er

role

s an

d

resp

on

sib

iliti

es

of

the

po

or

and

th

e vu

lner

able

taki

ng in

to a

cco

unt

the

need

s of

wo

men

, in

dig

eno

us a

nd lo

cal

com

mun

ities

and

the

p

oo

r an

d v

ulne

rab

le

b)

Dev

elo

p a

nd im

ple

men

t co

llab

ora

tive

man

agem

ent

pro

gra

ms

for

the

terr

estr

ial a

nd

aqua

tic e

cosy

stem

s w

ith t

he p

artic

ipat

ion

of v

ulne

rab

le g

roup

s,

incl

udin

g w

om

en.

Loca

l C

om

mun

ities

c) C

ond

uct

awar

enes

s-ra

isin

g c

ampa

igns

in

the

fri

nges

of

pro

tect

ed e

cosy

stem

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

m

anag

emen

t fr

om

a

po

vert

y an

d g

end

er

per

spec

tive;

d)

Dev

elo

p p

rog

ram

s to

su

pp

ort

alte

rnat

ive

inco

me-

gen

erat

ing

ac

tivit

ies

that

can

tak

e aw

ay p

ress

ure

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

ems,

sup

po

rt

livel

iho

od

s an

d a

dd

ress

g

end

er is

sues

.

Targ

et 1

6: B

y 20

25, a

cces

s to

gen

etic

re

sou

rces

an

d

asso

ciat

ed

trad

itio

nal

kn

ow

led

ge

is

reg

ula

ted

an

d

ben

efit

s ar

isin

g

fro

m u

tiliz

atio

n

of

the

reso

urc

es

and

ass

oci

ated

tr

adit

ion

al

kno

wle

dg

e ar

e sh

ared

in a

fai

r an

d e

qu

itab

le

man

ner

Targ

et 1

6: B

y 20

15,

the

Nag

oya

Pro

toco

l o

n A

cces

s to

Gen

etic

Re

sour

ces

and

the

Fai

r an

d E

qui

tab

le S

hari

ng

of B

enef

its A

risi

ng f

rom

th

eir

Util

izat

ion

is in

fo

rce

and

op

erat

iona

l, co

nsis

tent

wit

h na

tiona

l le

gis

latio

n

a) D

evel

op

leg

isla

tion

on

ABS

and

IPR

;M

oN

REM

, N

HBG

M,

Mo

AIW

D,

Mo

LGR

D,

Min

istr

y of

G

end

er a

nd

Dis

abili

ty,

Min

istr

y of

In

form

atio

n,

Tour

ism

an

d C

ultu

re,

Min

istr

y of

Tr

ade

and

In

dus

try,

M

inis

try

of

Just

ice

and

C

ons

titut

iona

l

5,00

0U

NEP

,UN

DP,

W

B, N

orw

ay

FAO

, DFI

D,

USA

ID Ir

ishA

id,

UN

ICEF

, U

NES

CO

, CID

A,

OD

A, G

IZ, G

oM

an

d t

he p

riva

te

sect

or

b)

Co

nduc

t se

nsiti

zatio

n o

n th

e A

BS a

nd IP

R

leg

isla

tio

n at

all

leve

ls;

c) D

evel

op

a v

alo

riza

tion

stra

teg

y fo

r M

alaw

i;





Nat

ion

al

Targ

ets

Rel

evan

t A

ich

i B

iod

iver

sity

Tar

get

Act

ion

s

Tim

efra

me

(201

5-20

25)

Res

po

nsi

ble

In

stit

uti

on

sEs

t. C

ost

(U

SD ‘0

00)

Poss

ible

Fu

nd

ing

So

urc

e1

23

45

67

89

10

STR

AT

EGIC

OB

JEC

TIV

E 5:

En

han

ce t

he

Ben

efit

s to

All

fro

m B

iod

iver

sity

an

d E

cosy

stem

Ser

vice

s

d)

Stre

ngth

en c

apac

ity

of in

stitu

tions

and

lo

cal c

om

mun

ities

to

ef

fect

ivel

y pa

rtic

ipat

e in

ne

go

tiatio

ns, r

egul

atio

n an

d m

oni

tori

ng

com

plia

nce

of g

enet

ic

reso

urce

s (G

R) a

nd

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge

(TK)

use

rs;

Aff

airs

, N

GO

s, C

SOs,

A

cad

emia

, Lo

cal

Co

mm

uniti

es

e) E

stab

lish

an e

ffec

tive

syst

em f

or

mo

nito

ring

an

d t

rack

ing

co

mp

lianc

e to

ABS

leg

isla

tion;

f) E

stab

lish

inst

itutio

nal

and

ad

min

istr

ativ

e st

ruct

ures

to

fac

ilita

te

imp

lem

enta

tion

of t

he

Nag

oya

Pro

toco

l in

Mal

awi;

g)

Esta

blis

h an

eff

ectiv

e m

echa

nism

fo

r d

ocu

men

tatio

n,

man

agem

ent

and

sh

arin

g o

f in

form

atio

n re

late

d t

o A

BS a

nd

ensu

re e

ffec

tive

part

icip

atio

n in

the

ABS

-C

H.


Annexe 3: Capacity Building Plan for Implementation of the NBSAP in Malawi



AN

NEX

E 3:

CA

PAC

ITY

BU

ILD

ING

PLA

N F

OR

IM

PLE

MEN

TAT

ION

OF

TH

E N

BSA

P I

N M

ALA

WI

The

capa

city

bui

ldin

g p

lan

resp

ond

s to

str

ateg

ic o

bje

ctiv

e 1

of t

his

NBS

AP

that

aim

s to

imp

rove

cap

acity

and

kno

wle

dg

e o

n b

iod

iver

sity

issu

es.

The

capa

city

bui

ldin

g p

lan

has

bee

n d

evel

op

ed t

o e

nsur

e th

at k

now

led

ge

and

ski

lls f

or

effe

ctiv

e im

ple

men

tatio

n of

the

NBS

AP

are

enha

nced

, in

stitu

tions

and

ind

ivid

uals

are

eq

uip

ped

and

pre

pare

d t

o e

ffec

tivel

y im

ple

men

t th

e N

BSA

P an

d c

ons

erve

bio

div

ersi

ty. T

his

will

be

do

ne t

hro

ugh

mo

bili

zatio

n of

res

our

ces

to c

ond

uct

trai

ning

wo

rksh

op

s, r

esea

rch

and

str

eng

then

ing

of

infr

astr

uctu

re f

or

bio

div

ersi

ty m

anag

emen

t. C

apac

ity

bui

ldin

g w

ill f

urth

er b

e ac

hiev

ed t

hro

ugh

netw

ork

ing

bet

wee

n sp

ecia

lized

inst

itutio

ns t

o e

xcha

nge

info

rmat

ion

and

enh

ance

kno

wle

dg

e o

n b

iod

iver

sity

.

Key

Are

aA

ctiv

ity

Exp

ecte

d O

utp

ut

Targ

et

Tim

efra

me

Bu

dg

et

(USD

‘000

)R

esp

on

sib

le

Up

dat

e an

in

ven

tory

of

inst

itu

tio

ns

in

volv

ed in

b

iod

iver

sity

re

sear

ch a

nd

m

anag

emen

t an

d id

enti

fy

thei

r n

eed

s

Co

nduc

t su

rvey

s to

iden

tify

tra

inin

g

and

infr

astr

uctu

re n

eed

s at

an

org

aniz

atio

nal a

nd in

div

idua

l lev

el

A d

atab

ase

of in

stit

utio

ns a

nd

exp

erts

invo

lved

in b

iod

iver

sity

re

sear

ch

Cap

acit

y N

eed

s A

sses

smen

t Re

po

rt

A d

atab

ase

pro

duc

ed

Rep

ort

Sep

t 20

15 –

Se

pt

2016

25EA

D

Ass

ess

kno

wle

dg

e g

aps

and

id

enti

fy p

rio

rity

re

sear

ch a

reas

Iden

tify

pri

ori

ty r

esea

rch

area

sPr

iori

ty r

esea

rch

area

s id

enti

fied

5 re

sear

ch

pri

ori

ty a

reas

id

entif

ied

Dec

201

5 –

Dec

201

650

EAD

, NSC

T,

Aca

dem

ic

and

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

Iden

tify

inst

itutio

ns t

hat

offe

r kn

ow

led

ge

in t

he a

reas

iden

tifie

dIn

stit

utio

ns o

ffer

ing

sp

ecifi

ed

kno

wle

dg

e in

bio

div

ersi

ty

iden

tifie

d a

nd c

ont

acte

d

5 in

stitu

tions

id

entif

ied

and

co

ntac

ted

Dec

201

520

EAD

, NSC

T,

Aca

dem

ic

and

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

Iden

tify

ind

ivid

uals

to

und

erta

ke

po

stg

rad

uate

stu

die

s o

r ca

rry

out

re

sear

ch in

the

are

as id

enti

fied

Incr

ease

the

num

ber

of

pro

gra

mm

es o

n b

iod

iver

sity

re

sear

ch a

nd t

he a

mo

unt

of in

form

atio

n av

aila

ble

on

bio

div

ersi

ty

10 In

div

idua

ls

iden

tifie

d t

o

und

erta

ke

rese

arch

and

st

udie

s

2015

-202

535

EAD

, NSC

T,

Aca

dem

ic

and

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

Pro

mo

te

awar

enes

s o

f b

iod

iver

sity

is

sues

am

on

gst

d

iffe

ren

t st

akeh

old

ers

in

Iden

tify

key

stak

eho

lder

and

dev

elo

p

mec

hani

sms

for

com

mun

icat

ion,

co

ord

inat

ion

and

net

wo

rkin

g

bet

wee

n st

akeh

old

ers

Key

stak

eho

lder

s id

enti

fied

and

m

echa

nism

s fo

r co

mm

unic

atio

n,

coo

rdin

atio

n an

d n

etw

ork

ing

b

etw

een

stak

eho

lder

s id

enti

fied

30 s

take

hold

ers

iden

tifie

dJa

n 20

1610

EAD





Key

Are

aA

ctiv

ity

Exp

ecte

d O

utp

ut

Targ

et

Tim

efra

me

Bu

dg

et

(USD

‘000

)R

esp

on

sib

le

Mal

awi

Co

nduc

t se

min

ars

and

wo

rksh

op

s fo

r G

ove

rnm

ent

dep

artm

ents

, NG

Os

and

lo

cal g

ove

rnm

ents

on

the

NBS

AP

Sem

inar

s an

d w

ork

sho

ps

on

the

NBS

AP

cond

ucte

d

6 w

ork

sho

ps

on

NBS

AP

cond

ucte

d

June

201

5 –

Dec

201

560

EAD

Lob

by

po

licy

mak

ers

to s

upp

ort

im

ple

men

tatio

n of

the

NBS

AP.

MPs

and

Co

unci

lors

lob

bie

d5

mee

ting

s co

nduc

ted

Oct

201

5 –

Mar

ch 2

016

50EA

D

Org

aniz

e Ro

und

Tab

le D

ialo

gue

s w

ith

the

pri

vate

sec

tor

and

oth

er a

cto

rs

that

util

ize

bio

div

ersi

ty t

o im

ple

men

t th

e N

BSA

P

Roun

d t

able

s o

rgan

ized

3 ro

und

tab

les

org

aniz

edN

ov

2015

–Ju

ly 2

021

80EA

D

Pres

s co

nfer

ence

s, r

elea

ses

and

po

licy

bri

efs

Info

rmat

ion

on

the

NBS

AP

and

its

stat

us o

f im

ple

men

tati

on

mad

e av

aila

ble

to

the

gen

eral

pub

lic

5 p

ress

rel

ease

s an

d 4

po

licy

bri

efs

rele

ased

2015

-202

510

0EA

D

Co

nduc

t aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

ns

amo

ng c

om

mun

ities

, res

earc

hers

and

N

GO

s to

rai

se t

he p

rofil

e o

n th

e va

lue

of g

enet

ic r

eso

urce

s an

d t

rad

itio

nal

kno

wle

dg

e

Peo

ple

aw

are

of t

he v

alue

of

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge

and

gen

etic

re

sour

ces

10 a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

co

nduc

ted

2015

-202

550

0EA

D

Trai

nin

gD

evel

op

tra

inin

g m

ater

ials

fo

r d

iffer

ent

stak

eho

lder

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

M

anua

ls d

evel

op

ed f

or

cond

ucti

ng t

rain

ing

on

bio

div

ersi

ty

3 m

anua

ls

dev

elo

ped

in 3

la

ngua

ges

Sep

tem

ber

20

1842

0EA

D, M

inis

try

of E

duc

atio

n,

NG

Os

Co

nduc

t Tr

aini

ng o

f Tr

aine

r o

n N

BSA

P im

ple

men

tatio

nLo

cal g

ove

rnm

ent

offic

ers

like

EDO

, DFO

’s t

rain

ed5

TOT

cond

ucte

d20

15-2

018

150

EAD

Co

nduc

t na

tio

nal t

rain

ing

wo

rksh

op

s o

n ac

cess

and

ben

efit

shar

ing

Peo

ple

aw

are

abo

ut t

he N

ago

ya

Pro

toco

l and

inte

gra

te it

in t

heir

p

lans

3 w

ork

sho

ps

cond

ucte

dJu

ly 2

015

– D

ec 2

015

90EA

D, N

CST

Co

nduc

t na

tio

nal t

rain

ing

wo

rksh

op

o

n in

vasi

ve a

lien

spec

ies

Peo

ple

aw

are

of IA

S an

d

imp

lem

ent

mec

hani

sms

to c

ont

rol

thei

r sp

read

5 w

ork

sho

ps

cond

ucte

dJa

n 20

16 –

Ju

ne 2

021

100

NH

BG, E

AD

, A

cad

emia

Co

nduc

t tr

aini

ng o

f la

w e

nfo

rcem

ent

offic

ers

on

IAS

Law

enf

orc

emen

t of

ficer

s ab

le

to id

enti

fy a

nd c

ont

rol b

ord

er

cro

ssin

g o

f IA

S

10 t

rain

ing

s co

nduc

ted

2015

-201

830

0N

HBG

, EA

D,

Aca

dem

ia

Iden

tify,

org

aniz

e an

d t

rain

loca

l co

mm

uniti

es d

irect

ly im

po

rtan

t fo

r im

ple

men

ting

the

NBS

AP

Imp

ort

ant

gro

ups

of lo

cal

com

mun

itie

s id

enti

fied

and

tr

aine

d

5 tr

aini

ngs

cond

ucte

d20

15-2

020

200

EAD

, ED

O’s

an

d L

oca

l G

ove

rnm

ents





Do

cum

enta

tio

n

of

Bio

div

ersi

tyU

pd

ate

an

inve

nto

ry o

f im

po

rtan

t g

enet

ic r

eso

urce

s an

d t

rad

itio

nal

kno

wle

dg

e sy

stem

s, in

nova

tio

ns a

nd

pra

ctic

es in

Mal

awi

Bio

div

ersi

ty a

nd t

rad

itio

nal

kno

wle

dg

e in

vent

ory

dev

elo

ped

an

d d

ocu

men

ted

2 in

vent

ori

es

com

pile

d (

1 o

n G

R, 1

on

TK)

2015

-201

920

0EA

D in

co

nsul

tatio

n w

ith C

NA

s

Trai

n na

tio

nal d

esig

nate

d o

ffic

ers

to

man

age

syst

ems

for

do

cum

enta

tion,

m

anag

emen

t an

d in

form

atio

n sh

arin

g

on

CH

M

Nat

iona

l des

igna

ted

off

icer

s id

enti

fied

and

tra

ined

to

man

age

syst

ems

for

do

cum

enta

tio

n,

man

agem

ent

and

info

rmat

ion

shar

ing

on

CH

M

3 tr

aini

ngs

cond

ucte

d20

15-2

019

100

EAD

Effe

ctiv

ely

op

erat

iona

lize

the

CH

M

and

po

pul

ate

it w

ith n

atio

nal

bio

div

ersi

ty in

form

atio

n

CH

M o

per

atio

naliz

ed a

nd

freq

uent

ly u

pd

ated

Qua

rter

ly u

pd

ate

of C

HM

2015

-202

510

0EA

D

Co

nduc

t tr

aini

ng, w

ork

sho

ps,

se

min

ars,

co

nfer

ence

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

d

ata

man

agem

ent,

com

mun

icat

ion

and

pub

lishi

ng s

kills

Bio

div

ersi

ty o

ffic

ers

trai

ned

on

info

rmat

ion

dis

sem

inat

ion

skill

s2

trai

ning

s co

nduc

ted

Ap

ril 2

016-

Ju

ly 2

018

150

EAD

Dev

elo

p n

atio

nal d

atab

ase

on

ABS

Nat

iona

l dat

abas

e es

tab

lishe

d a

nd

op

erat

iona

lD

atab

ase

dev

elo

ped

2015

-202

012

0EA

D

Co

nd

uct

V

alu

atio

n o

f B

iod

iver

sity

an

d D

evel

op

St

rate

gie

s to

Pro

mo

te

Res

earc

h a

nd

D

evel

op

men

t o

n B

iod

iver

sity

Iden

tify

avai

lab

le e

cono

mic

val

uatio

n d

ata

on

bio

div

ersi

ty a

nd c

om

pile

it

and

det

erm

ine

dat

a g

aps

Ava

ilab

le d

ata

on

eco

nom

ic

valu

atio

n of

bio

div

ersi

ty

iden

tifie

d a

nd c

om

pile

d

2 re

po

rts

com

pile

d20

15-2

016

50EA

D,

Aca

dem

ic

and

Res

earc

h in

stitu

tions

Iden

tify

Inst

itutio

ns t

hat

can

carr

y o

ut

eco

nom

ic v

alua

tio

n of

bio

div

ersi

tyIn

stit

utio

ns id

enti

fied

and

co

nsul

ted

4 in

stitu

tions

id

entif

ied

Dec

201

520

EAD

Iden

tify

and

tra

in lo

cal e

xper

ts in

va

luat

ion

met

hod

sLo

cal e

xper

ts id

enti

fied

and

tr

aine

d5

exp

erts

id

entif

ied

2015

-201

620

EAD

, A

cad

emic

an

d R

esea

rch

Inst

itutio

ns,

Reg

iona

l and

In

tern

atio

nal

Part

ners

Co

nduc

t ec

ono

mic

val

uati

on

stud

ies

on

bio

div

ersi

tyEc

ono

mic

val

uati

on

stud

ies

cond

ucte

d6

eco

nom

ic

valu

atio

ns s

tud

ies

cond

ucte

d

2015

-202

250

0EA

D,

Aca

dem

ic

and

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

, Re

gio

nal a

nd

Inte

rnat

iona

l Pa

rtne

rs





Key

Are

aA

ctiv

ity

Exp

ecte

d O

utp

ut

Targ

et

Tim

efra

me

Bu

dg

et

(USD

‘000

)R

esp

on

sib

le

Co

nso

lidat

e ec

ono

mic

val

uati

on

rep

ort

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

and

mak

e th

em a

vaila

ble

on

the

CH

M

Eco

nom

ic v

alua

tio

n re

po

rts

on

bio

div

ersi

ty m

ade

avai

lab

le4

rep

ort

s p

ublis

hed

2015

-201

610

0EA

D

Esta

blis

h

Inst

itu

tio

nal

A

rran

gem

ents

an

d

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e Sy

stem

s to

Ef

fect

ivel

y M

on

ito

r B

iod

iver

sity

Emp

ow

er t

he N

atio

nal B

iod

iver

sity

St

eeri

ng C

om

mitt

ee a

nd o

ther

o

rgan

izat

ion’

s to

mo

nito

r im

ple

men

tatio

n of

the

NBS

AP

Mee

ting

s fr

eque

ntly

co

nduc

ted

to

up

dat

e th

e N

atio

nal B

iod

iver

sity

St

eeri

ng C

om

mit

tee

40 m

eetin

gs

cond

ucte

d20

15-2

025

200

EAD

, NC

ST,

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Stee

ring

C

om

mitt

ee

Stre

ngth

en h

erba

rium

inst

ituti

ons

by

mo

bili

zing

eq

uip

men

t an

d m

ater

ial

sup

po

rt t

o s

pec

ializ

ed d

epar

tmen

ts,

e.g

. bo

rder

cro

ssin

gs,

co

ntro

l uni

ts f

or

ABS

and

IAS

man

agem

ent

Mat

eria

ls p

rocu

red

Equi

pm

ent

pro

cure

d f

or

3 in

stit

utio

ns

2015

-202

21,

000

EAD

, D

evel

op

men

t Pa

rtne

rs

Dev

elo

p

Mec

han

ism

s fo

r P

rom

oti

ng

C

oo

per

atio

n

and

M

anag

emen

t o

f Tr

ans-

Bo

un

dar

y B

iod

iver

sity

Iden

tify

tran

s-b

oun

dar

y b

iod

iver

sity

an

d d

ocu

men

t it

Shar

ed b

iod

iver

sity

and

gen

etic

re

sour

ces

wit

h p

ote

ntia

l eco

nom

ic

valu

e id

enti

fied

Inve

nto

ry o

f tr

ans-

bo

und

ary

GR

pro

duc

ed a

nd

pub

lishe

d

2015

-201

650

0EA

D, L

oca

l G

ove

rnm

ent

Iden

tify

key

bo

die

s in

whi

ch n

atio

nal

del

egat

es s

houl

d b

e re

pre

sent

ed a

nd

conn

ecte

d t

o

Key

nati

ona

l rep

rese

ntat

ives

id

enti

fied

and

lin

ked

to

nat

iona

l, re

gio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

org

aniz

atio

ns o

f im

po

rtan

ce t

o

the

imp

lem

enta

tio

n of

the

NBS

AP

20 k

ey n

atio

nal

rep

rese

ntat

ives

id

entif

ied

2015

-201

730

EAD

Part

icip

ate

in a

pp

rop

riat

e re

gio

nal

and

inte

rnat

iona

l mee

ting

s an

d

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g p

rog

ram

mes

Mal

awi i

n lin

e an

d u

p-t

o-d

ate

wit

h re

gio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

acti

viti

es a

nd p

roce

edin

gs

Ove

r 50

mee

ting

s at

tend

ed20

15-2

025

2,00

0EA

D

Dis

sem

inat

e in

tern

atio

nal,

reg

iona

l an

d n

atio

nal i

nfo

rmat

ion

in m

eeti

ngs

Mal

awi a

war

e of

the

inte

rnat

iona

l an

d r

egio

nal s

itua

tio

n o

n b

iod

iver

sity

Ove

r 50

rep

ort

s p

rese

nted

to

the

g

ener

al p

ublic

2015

-202

51,

000

EAD

, Min

istr

y Re

spo

nsib

le

for

Info

rmat

ion

Dev

elo

p a

nd

Im

ple

men

t a

Res

ou

rce

Mo

bili

zati

on

St

rate

gy

for

Imp

lem

enta

tio

n

of

the

Nag

oya

P

roto

col

Iden

tify

hum

an r

eso

urce

s im

po

rtan

t fo

r im

ple

men

tati

on

of t

he N

BSA

PLe

gal

, tec

hnic

al a

nd a

dm

inis

trat

ive

exp

erts

imp

ort

ant

for

imp

lem

enta

tio

n of

the

NBS

AP

id

enti

fied

and

incl

uded

in t

he

imp

lem

enta

tio

n p

roce

ss

15 e

xper

ts

iden

tifie

d20

15-2

016

50EA

D, N

CST

, Ju

stic

e


Annexe 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan



AN

NEX

E 4:

MO

NIT

OR

ING

AN

D E

VA

LUA

TIO

N P

LAN

Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oal

sIn

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

equ

ency

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n

Inst

rum

ents

/ St

rate

gy

Res

po

nsi

bili

ty f

or

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n

Ob

ject

ive

1:

Imp

rove

C

apac

ity

and

K

no

wle

dg

e o

n

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Issu

es

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

1: T

rend

in

acce

ssib

ility

of

scie

ntifi

c/te

chni

cal/

tr

aditi

ona

l kno

wle

dg

e an

d it

s ap

plic

atio

n0

25%

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

A N

atio

nal B

iod

iver

sity

Info

rmat

ion

Faci

lity

Esta

blis

hed

01

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rtA

nnua

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

sN

CST

, EA

D

An

upd

ated

inve

nto

ry o

f in

stit

utio

ns

invo

lved

in b

iod

iver

sity

issu

es0

3In

vent

ory

Rep

ort

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

, NH

BGM

Num

ber

of

bio

div

ersi

ty g

aps

and

p

rio

rity

res

earc

h ar

eas

iden

tifie

d0

2St

udy

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

yA

cad

emic

In

stitu

tions

Num

ber

of

inst

itutio

ns w

ith t

he

capa

city

to

car

ry o

ut b

iod

iver

sity

re

sear

ch3

5C

apac

ity

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

final

Rese

arch

Stu

dy

EAD

/Aca

dem

ic

Inst

itutio

ns

Num

ber

of

bio

div

ersi

ty r

esea

rch

pro

gra

ms

imp

lem

ente

d

05

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

Mid

term

and

fin

alA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D, N

CST

, A

cad

emia

Num

ber

of

inst

itutio

ns w

ith t

he

capa

city

to

man

age

and

mo

nito

r im

ple

men

tatio

n of

bio

div

ersi

ty

pro

gra

ms

510

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Num

ber

of

peo

ple

tra

ined

to

man

age

bio

div

ersi

ty0

50Tr

aini

ng R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

2: T

rend

in t

he

deg

ree

to w

hich

tra

diti

ona

l kno

wle

dg

e an

d p

ract

ices

are

res

pec

ted

thr

oug

h fu

ll in

teg

ratio

n, p

artic

ipat

ion

and

saf

egua

rds

in t

he im

ple

men

tati

on

of t

he N

BSA

P

020

%Ev

alua

tio

n/Re

view

Re

po

rts

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Sect

or

Revi

ews

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rsIn

vent

ory

of

trad

itio

nal k

now

led

ge,

in

nova

tions

and

pra

ctic

es u

pd

ated

09

Inve

nto

ry R

epo

rtA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

of

awar

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

co

nduc

ted

020

Aw

aren

ess

Mat

eria

ls

Pro

duc

edA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D





Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oals

Ind

icat

ors

Base

line

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

eque

ncy

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n In

stru

men

ts/

Stra

teg

yRe

spo

nsib

ility

fo

r D

ata

Co

llect

ion

Num

ber

of

com

mun

ity

pro

toco

ls

dev

elo

ped

and

imp

lem

ente

d0

2C

om

mun

ity

Pro

toco

ls

Dev

elo

ped

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

bes

t tr

aditi

ona

l kn

ow

led

ge

and

pra

ctic

es p

rom

ote

d

and

up

-sca

led

010

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

sEA

D

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

3: T

rend

s in

aw

aren

ess

and

att

itud

es t

o b

iod

iver

sity

No

t Es

tab

lishe

d50

% o

f p

op

ulat

ion

Eval

uati

on

Re

po

rts

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Des

k Re

view

sEA

D

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

A c

om

mun

icat

ion,

ed

ucat

ion

and

pub

lic a

war

enes

s st

rate

gy

for

bio

div

ersi

ty d

evel

op

ed a

nd

op

erat

iona

lized

01

Stra

teg

y in

Pla

ceM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Bio

div

ersi

ty in

teg

rate

d in

pri

mar

y an

d s

eco

ndar

y sc

hoo

l cur

ricu

la0

1C

urri

cula

G

uid

elin

es

Dev

elo

ped

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

awar

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

co

nduc

ted

050

Aw

aren

ess

Mat

eria

ls

Pro

duc

edA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

of

activ

e C

om

mun

ity-B

ased

In

stitu

tions

No

t Es

tab

lishe

d50

%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

s

EAD

, Min

istr

y re

spo

nsib

le

for

Loca

l G

ove

rnm

ent

Num

ber

of

pub

licat

ions

on

Mal

awi’s

b

iod

iver

sity

dev

elo

ped

No

t Es

tab

lishe

d30

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Ob

ject

ive

2:

Mai

nst

ream

B

iod

iver

sity

M

anag

emen

t in

to S

ecto

ral

and

Lo

cal

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Pla

nn

ing

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

4: T

rend

in

inte

gra

tion

of b

iod

iver

sity

and

eco

syst

em

serv

ice

valu

es in

to s

ecto

ral p

lans

and

d

evel

op

men

t p

olic

ies

010

0%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

EAD





Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rsEv

iden

ce c

olle

cted

on

the

cont

rib

utio

n of

bio

div

ersi

ty t

o

nati

ona

l eco

nom

y an

d h

uman

wel

l-b

eing

01

Stud

y Re

po

rts

Mid

term

and

fin

alA

nnua

l Rev

iew

sEA

D

Bio

div

ersi

ty p

ove

rty

linka

ges

in

clud

ed in

the

MG

DS

III0

1St

rate

gy

Eval

uati

on

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

final

Rese

arch

Stu

die

sEA

D

Gui

del

ines

fo

r in

teg

ratin

g

bio

div

ersi

ty in

to p

olic

ies

and

pla

ns

dev

elo

ped

01

Gui

del

ines

D

evel

op

edM

idte

rm a

nd

final

Des

k Re

view

sEA

D

Num

ber

of

sect

ors

inte

gra

ted

b

iod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n is

sues

720

Eval

uati

on

of

Sect

ora

l Pla

ns,

Rep

ort

s an

d

Pro

gra

mm

es

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Num

ber

of

Loca

l Bio

div

ersi

ty

Stra

teg

ies

and

Act

ion

Plan

s d

evel

op

ed

130

LBSA

PsM

idte

rm a

nd

final

Des

k Re

view

s EA

D a

nd lo

cal

coun

cils

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

5: T

rend

in

mo

bili

zatio

n of

res

our

ces

for

effe

ctiv

e im

ple

men

tatio

n of

bio

div

ersi

ty p

rog

ram

s0

100%

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Des

k Re

view

sEA

D a

nd M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

A B

iod

iver

sity

Res

our

ce M

ob

iliza

tion

Stra

teg

y d

evel

op

ed a

nd

imp

lem

ente

d

01

Reso

urce

M

ob

ilisa

tio

n St

rate

gy

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Des

k Re

view

s EA

D a

nd M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce

Num

ber

of

ABS

mec

hani

sms

and

PPP

p

rom

ote

d

25

PPP

Co

ntra

cts

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Num

ber

of

mar

ket-

base

d a

pp

roac

hes

for

bio

div

ersi

ty c

ons

erva

tion,

in

clud

ing

PES

initi

ativ

es, d

evel

op

ed

and

imp

lem

ente

d

02

PES

Init

iati

ves

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Ob

ject

ive

3:

Red

uce

Dir

ect

Pre

ssu

res

on

B

iod

iver

sity

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

6: %

of

deg

rad

ed

terr

estr

ial h

abita

ts a

re r

esto

red

and

p

rote

cted

050

%A

nnua

l Pro

gre

ss

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Num

ber

of

deg

rad

ed h

abita

ts

iden

tifie

d

05

Surv

ey R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Rese

arch

Stu

die

s EA

D





Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oals

Ind

icat

ors

Base

line

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

eque

ncy

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n In

stru

men

ts/

Stra

teg

yRe

spo

nsib

ility

fo

r D

ata

Co

llect

ion

Num

ber

of

hab

itats

with

hig

h sp

ecie

s d

iver

sity

iden

tifie

d5

10Su

rvey

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

EAD

Num

ber

of

stra

teg

ies

and

p

rog

ram

mes

fo

r ha

bita

t re

sto

ratio

n d

evel

op

ed a

nd im

ple

men

ted

25

Stra

teg

ies

Dev

elo

ped

A

nnua

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

s EA

D

Num

ber

of

pro

gra

mm

es t

o p

rote

ct

hab

itat

s d

evel

op

ed0

2Pr

og

ram

D

ocu

men

ts

Mid

term

and

an

nual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

7: T

rend

in

freq

uenc

y an

d in

tens

ity o

f d

estr

ucti

ve

fishi

ng p

ract

ices

100%

0%A

nnua

l Pro

gre

ss

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Gui

del

ines

fo

r w

ater

shed

m

anag

emen

t d

evel

op

ed0

1G

uid

elin

es in

Pl

ace

Onc

eA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aM

inis

try

of W

ater

Num

ber

of

pro

gra

mm

es o

n

inte

gra

ted

wat

ersh

ed m

anag

emen

t d

evel

op

ed0

5Pr

og

ram

D

ocu

men

tsM

idte

rm a

nd

final

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Min

istr

y of

Wat

er

Num

ber

and

typ

e of

leg

al w

ater

fis

hing

gea

r p

rom

ote

d2

5A

nnua

l Pro

gre

ss

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

sFi

sher

ies

Dep

artm

ent

A N

atio

nal W

etla

nds

Polic

y d

evel

op

ed0

1Po

licy

in P

lace

Onc

eA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aM

inis

try

of W

ater

Num

ber

of

fish

spaw

ning

are

as f

or

imp

ort

ant

fish

spec

ies

iden

tifie

d a

nd

pro

tect

ed1

5A

nnua

l Pro

gre

ss

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aFi

sher

ies

Dep

artm

ent

Num

ber

of

thre

aten

ed o

r en

dan

ger

ed a

qua

tic b

iod

iver

sity

sp

ecie

s co

nser

ved

05

Ann

ual P

rog

ress

Re

po

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fish

erie

s D

epar

tmen

t

Num

ber

of

stra

teg

ies

and

pla

ns f

or

man

agem

ent

of e

ndem

ic f

ish

spec

ies

revi

ewed

and

imp

lem

ente

d0

2Re

view

ed

Stra

teg

ies

and

Pl

ans

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fish

erie

s D

epar

tmen

t

Ind

ices

of

use

of il

leg

al f

ishi

ng g

ears

in

sha

llow

wat

ers

red

uced

100%

30%

Ann

ual P

rog

ress

Re

po

rts

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

Fish

erie

s D

epar

tmen

t





Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

8: %

incr

ease

of

area

un

der

fo

rest

co

ver

34%

38%

GIS

Fo

rest

ry

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Num

ber

of

refo

rest

atio

n p

rog

ram

mes

rev

iew

ed a

nd

imp

lem

ente

d

05

Pro

gra

m

Do

cum

ents

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Num

ber

of

com

mun

ity-

base

d

pro

gra

mm

es o

n co

nser

vati

on

and

su

stai

nab

le u

se o

f fo

rest

bio

div

ersi

ty

dev

elo

ped

and

imp

lem

ente

d

27

Pro

gra

m

Do

cum

ents

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Num

ber

of

imp

rove

d f

ore

st

man

agem

ent

tech

niq

ues

pro

mo

ted

310

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Perc

enta

ge

of c

ons

umer

s ad

op

ting

al

tern

ativ

e so

urce

s of

ene

rgy

3%

10%

Ann

ual P

rog

ress

Re

po

rts

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

Dep

artm

ent

of

Ener

gy

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

9: T

rend

in p

olic

y re

spo

nses

, leg

isla

tion

and

man

agem

ent

pla

ns t

o c

ont

rol a

nd p

reve

nt s

pre

ad o

f in

vasi

ve a

lien

spec

ies

1 le

gis

latio

ns/

pla

ns/

po

licie

s

8 le

gis

latio

ns/

pla

ns/

po

licie

s

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

A n

atio

nal i

nvas

ive

alie

n sp

ecie

s m

anag

emen

t p

lan

dev

elo

ped

01

Man

agem

ent

Plan

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

inva

sive

alie

n sp

ecie

s id

entif

ied

in d

iffer

ent

eco

syst

ems

3160

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Qua

rter

lyRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

EAD

Infr

astr

uctu

re f

or

man

agem

ent

of IA

S p

rocu

red

02

Equi

pm

ent

Pro

cure

d

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

MR

A, E

AD

, M

inis

try

of

Ag

ricu

lture

, N

HBG

M

Num

ber

of

awar

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

an

d c

apac

ity-b

uild

ing

init

iati

ves

on

inva

sive

alie

n sp

ecie

s co

nduc

ted

050

Aw

aren

ess

Mat

eria

ls

Pro

duc

edA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D

Num

ber

of

enfo

rcem

ent

offic

ers

trai

ned

to

mo

nito

r in

vasi

ve a

lien

spec

ies

020

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D

Num

ber

of

IAS

erad

icat

ed/a

rea

und

er IA

S m

anag

ed0

20Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D





Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oals

Ind

icat

ors

Base

line

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

eque

ncy

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n In

stru

men

ts/

Stra

teg

yRe

spo

nsib

ility

fo

r D

ata

Co

llect

ion

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

10: T

rend

in

po

lluta

nt r

elea

se in

to t

he e

nviro

nmen

t10

0%50

%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Num

ber

of

pie

ces

of e

qui

pm

ent

for

mo

nito

ring

of

envi

ronm

enta

l p

ollu

tion

pro

cure

d

02

Equi

pm

ent

Pro

cure

d

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

MBS

, EA

D,

Dep

artm

ent

of

Wat

er

Num

ber

of

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g

initi

ativ

es o

n m

oni

tori

ng o

f en

viro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tion

010

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a M

BS, E

AD

, D

epar

tmen

t of

W

ater

Reg

ulat

ions

on

po

llute

r pa

ys

pri

ncip

le d

evel

op

ed a

nd

imp

lem

ente

d0

1Re

gul

atio

ns

Dev

elo

ped

Onc

eA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

pro

gra

ms

to p

rom

ote

the

re

duc

tio

n, r

euse

and

rec

yclin

g o

f w

aste

s d

evel

op

ed0

2Pr

og

ram

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

of

pub

lic-p

riva

te

part

ners

hip

s o

n w

aste

man

agem

ent

pro

mo

ted

2050

PPP

Ag

reem

ent

Do

cum

ents

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Enfo

rcem

ent

of p

olic

y an

d r

egul

ato

ry

fram

ewo

rks

for

po

llutio

n co

ntro

l st

reng

then

ed

010

0%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

11: T

rend

s in

ec

osy

stem

res

ilien

ce t

o c

limat

e ch

ang

e0

100%

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Num

ber

of

alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy

sour

ces

pro

mo

ted

36

Ann

ual P

rog

ress

Re

po

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Num

ber

of

sust

aina

ble

live

liho

od

p

rog

ram

s p

rom

ote

d

25

Ann

ual P

rog

ress

Re

po

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Num

ber

of

RED

D+

Pro

gra

ms

iden

tifie

d a

nd p

rom

ote

d1

2R

EDD

+ P

rog

ress

Re

po

rtA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aFo

rest

ry

Dep

artm

ent

Num

ber

of

affo

rest

ratio

n p

rog

ram

mes

pro

mo

ted

16

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t





Num

ber

of

initi

ativ

es o

n PE

S p

rom

ote

d

02

Num

ber

of

Init

iati

ves

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Enfo

rcem

ent

of le

gis

lati

on

pro

mo

ted

-

num

ber

of

cour

t ca

ses;

num

ber

of

fines

0

500

Num

ber

of

Co

urt

Cas

es

Num

ber

of

fines

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Fore

stry

D

epar

tmen

t

Ob

ject

ive

4:Im

pro

ve t

he

Stat

us

of

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

12: T

rend

in

abun

dan

ce a

nd d

istr

ibut

ion

of k

now

n th

reat

ened

sp

ecie

s

2 sp

ecie

s20

sp

ecie

sPr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

DN

PW

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Red

dat

a lis

t fo

r M

alaw

i up

dat

ed0

1Re

d D

ata

List

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Rese

arch

Stu

die

s N

HBG

M

Num

ber

of

wild

life

corr

ido

rs c

reat

ed2

3Ev

alua

tio

n Re

po

rts

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Rese

arch

Stu

dy

DN

PW

Num

ber

of

spec

ies

rein

tro

duc

ed1

park

4 pa

rks

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

, DN

PW

Num

ber

of

stra

teg

ies

on

end

ang

ered

sp

ecie

s d

evel

op

ed a

nd im

ple

men

ted

25

Stra

teg

ies

Dev

elo

ped

M

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aD

NPW

Num

ber

of

bio

div

ersi

ty h

ots

po

ts

iden

tifie

d97

105

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

, DN

PW

Num

ber

of

Nat

iona

l Act

ion

Plan

s fo

r im

ple

men

tati

on

of P

OW

PA

dev

elo

ped

01

Act

ion

Plan

D

evel

op

edO

nce

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

DN

PW

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

13: T

rend

in

num

ber

of

effe

ctiv

e p

olic

y m

echa

nism

s im

ple

men

ted

to

red

uce

gen

etic

ero

sio

n an

d s

afeg

uard

gen

etic

div

ersi

ty r

elat

ed t

o

pla

nt a

nd a

nim

al g

enet

ic r

eso

urce

s

02

pro

gra

mm

esPr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a M

inis

try

of

Ag

ricu

lture

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Num

ber

of

ind

igen

ous

pla

nt s

pec

ies

culti

vate

d a

nd p

rote

cted

1030

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

A

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

yM

PGR

C

Num

ber

of

in-s

itu c

ons

erva

tion

site

s of

wild

rel

ativ

es o

f cu

ltiv

ated

pla

nts

esta

blis

hed

and

pro

tect

ed1

3Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s M

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

y M

PGR

C

Num

ber

of

land

rac

es k

ept

in g

ene

bank

s an

d b

ota

nic

gar

den

s30

50Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a M

PGR

C a

nd

NH

BGM





Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oals

Ind

icat

ors

Base

line

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

eque

ncy

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n In

stru

men

ts/

Stra

teg

yRe

spo

nsib

ility

fo

r D

ata

Co

llect

ion

Num

ber

of

spec

ies

colle

cted

and

ke

pt

in h

erba

rium

and

nat

ural

his

tory

co

llect

ion

6,00

08,

000

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

, NH

BGM

, D

AR

S, F

RIM

, U

NIM

A

Num

ber

of

colle

ctio

ns w

ith n

utri

tive

po

tent

ial e

stab

lishe

d

1325

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Rese

arch

Stu

dy

MPG

RC

Num

ber

of

pro

gra

mm

es a

imed

at

pro

mo

ting

far

mer

’s r

ight

s5

10Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D, N

HBG

M,

DA

RS,

FR

IM,

UN

IMA

Num

ber

of

surv

eys

to d

ocu

men

t tr

aditi

ona

l kno

wle

dg

e us

ed f

or

agro

-b

iod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n co

nduc

ted

0

10Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

MPG

RC

Gui

del

ines

fo

r co

llect

ion

char

acte

riza

tio

n an

d c

ons

erva

tion

of

ger

mp

lasm

dev

elo

ped

0

1G

uid

elin

es

Dev

elo

ped

O

nce

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

MPG

RC

Num

ber

of

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g

initi

ativ

es o

n co

llect

ion,

ch

arac

teri

zati

on

and

co

nser

vatio

n of

sp

ecie

s

020

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

s A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aM

PGR

C

Num

ber

of

pie

ces

of e

qui

pm

ent

pro

cure

d f

or

colle

ctio

n,

char

acte

riza

tio

n an

d c

ons

erva

tion

of

spec

ies

05

Piec

es o

f Eq

uip

men

tM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aM

PGR

C

Num

ber

of

land

use

map

s an

d

man

agem

ent

pla

ns u

pd

ated

1

3La

nd U

se M

aps

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

Min

istr

y of

Lan

ds

Num

ber

of

rese

arch

stu

die

s o

n g

enet

ic v

aria

tion

of d

om

estic

ated

w

ild p

lant

s co

nduc

ted

0

3St

udy

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

Min

istr

y of

A

gri

cultu

re

Mec

hani

sms

to h

arm

oni

ze a

ctiv

ities

of

org

aniz

atio

ns d

ealin

g w

ith a

gro

-b

iod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n d

evel

op

ed

01

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Rese

arch

Stu

die

s M

inis

try

of

Ag

ricu

lture

Num

ber

of

targ

eted

co

nser

vati

on

rese

arch

co

nduc

ted

No

t Kn

ow

n10

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

AD

, NH

BGM

, D

AR

S, F

RIM

, U

NIM

A





Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

14: T

rend

in

iden

tific

atio

n, a

sses

smen

t an

d

stre

ngth

enin

g o

f in

cent

ives

tha

t re

war

d

po

sitiv

e co

ntri

but

ion

to b

iod

iver

sity

and

ec

osy

stem

ser

vice

s an

d p

enal

ize

adve

rse

impa

cts

010

0%Pr

og

ress

rep

ort

sA

nnua

lRe

sear

ch s

tud

ies

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Bio

safe

ty A

ct a

nd r

egul

atio

ns r

evis

ed0

1Bi

osa

fety

Act

an

d R

egul

atio

ns

Dev

elo

ped

Onc

eA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Pub

lic a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

on

bio

safe

ty le

gis

latio

n co

nduc

ted

0

20Tr

aini

ng R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

A n

atio

nal b

iosa

fety

cap

acit

y-b

uild

ing

pla

n d

evel

op

ed a

nd

imp

lem

ente

d0

1N

atio

nal B

iosa

fety

C

apac

ity

Build

ing

Pl

anO

nce

Mid

term

Rev

iew

EAD

A b

iosa

fety

cle

arin

g h

ous

e m

echa

nism

dev

elo

ped

and

o

per

atio

nalis

ed0

1Bi

osa

fety

cle

arin

g

hous

e in

pla

ce

Ann

ual

Revi

ews

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

An

effe

ctiv

e m

oni

tori

ng s

yste

m f

or

bio

tech

nolo

gy

esta

blis

hed

0

1M

&E

Stra

teg

y D

evel

op

ed

Ann

ual

Ann

ual R

evie

ws

EAD

Ob

ject

ive

5: E

nh

ance

th

e B

enef

its

to A

ll fr

om

B

iod

iver

sity

an

d

Eco

syst

em

Serv

ices

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

15: T

rend

in

dis

trib

utio

n, c

ond

itio

n an

d s

usta

inab

ility

of

eco

syst

em s

ervi

ces

for

hum

an w

ell-

bei

ng

010

0%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lRe

sear

ch S

tud

ies

EAD

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Bio

div

ersi

ty p

olic

y an

d le

gis

latio

n fr

amew

ork

dev

elo

ped

01

Dev

elo

ped

Po

licy

Onc

eA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

of

colla

bo

rativ

e m

anag

emen

t p

rog

ram

s d

evel

op

ed

and

imp

lem

ente

d0

1Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

Num

ber

of

awar

enes

s p

rog

ram

s o

n b

iod

iver

sity

man

agem

ent

040

Pro

gre

ss R

epo

rts

Ann

ual

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

inco

me-

gen

erat

ing

p

rog

ram

s d

evel

op

ed0

10Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D





Ob

ject

ives

/ G

oals

Ind

icat

ors

Base

line

(201

5)Ta

rget

(2

025)

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n &

Rep

ort

ing

MO

VFr

eque

ncy

of

dat

a co

llect

ion

Dat

a C

olle

ctio

n In

stru

men

ts/

Stra

teg

yRe

spo

nsib

ility

fo

r D

ata

Co

llect

ion

Ou

tco

me

Ind

icat

or

16: T

rend

in a

cces

s an

d e

qui

ty in

ben

efit

shar

ing

of

gen

etic

re

sour

ces

010

0%Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sA

nnua

lA

nnua

l Rev

iew

sEA

D

Ou

tpu

t In

dic

ato

rs

Reg

ulat

ions

on

Acc

ess

and

Be

nefit

Sha

ring

dev

elo

ped

and

o

per

atio

naliz

ed

01

Reg

ulat

ions

D

evel

op

edO

nce

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

sens

itiza

tion

and

aw

aren

ess

activ

ities

on

the

ABS

and

IP

R le

gis

latio

n0

5Pr

og

ress

Rep

ort

sO

nce

Ever

y Tw

o Y

ears

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

A v

alo

riza

tion

stra

teg

y fo

r b

iod

iver

sity

in M

alaw

i dev

elo

ped

01

Stra

teg

y D

evel

op

edO

nce

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Num

ber

of

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g

initi

ativ

es a

nd t

rain

ing

s in

ne

go

tiatio

ns, r

egul

atio

n an

d

mo

nito

ring

co

mp

lianc

e of

GR

and

TK

user

s co

nduc

ted

08

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

sM

idte

rm a

nd

Fina

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

aEA

D

A s

yste

m f

or

mo

nito

ring

and

tra

ckin

g

com

plia

nce

to A

BS le

gis

latio

n d

evel

op

ed a

nd o

per

atio

nalis

ed0

1M

&E

Stra

teg

y D

evel

op

edO

nce

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

Inst

itutio

nal a

nd a

dm

inis

trat

ive

stru

ctur

es f

or

imp

lem

enta

tion

of t

he

Nag

oya

Pro

toco

l est

ablis

hed

0

1St

ruct

ures

in P

lace

Mid

term

and

Fi

nal

Ad

min

istr

ativ

e D

ata

EAD

A n

atio

nal m

echa

nism

fo

r d

ocu

men

tatio

n, m

anag

emen

t an

d

shar

ing

of

info

rmat

ion

rela

ted

to

ABS

d

evel

op

ed

01

Mec

hani

sms

in

Plac

e A

nnua

lA

dm

inis

trat

ive

Dat

a EA

D


Annexe 5: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the AICHI Biodiversity Targets

ANNEXE 5: STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS

“Living in harmony with nature”

VISION

The vision of this Strategic Plan is a world of “Living in harmony with nature” where “By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.”

THE MISSION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

The mission of the Strategic Plan is to “take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet’s variety of life and contributing to human well-being and poverty eradication. To ensure this, pressures on biodiversity are reduced, ecosystems are restored, biological resources are sustainably used and benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources are shared in a fair and equitable manner, adequate financial resources are provided, capacities are enhanced, biodiversity issues and values mainstreamed, appropriate policies are effectively implemented and decision-making is based on sound science and the precautionary approach.”

STRATEGIC GOALS AND THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS

Strategic goal A. Address the Underlying Causes of Biodiversity Loss by Mainstreaming Biodiversity Across Government and Society

Target 1: By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.

Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.

Target 3: By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out, or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts and positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socio-economic conditions.

Target 4: By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits.



Strategic Goal B. Reduce the Direct Pressures on Biodiversity and Promote Sustainable Use

Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.

Target 6: By 2020, all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits.

Target 7: By 2020, areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.

Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.

Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment.

Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.

Strategic Goal C. Improve the Status of Biodiversity by Safeguarding Ecosystems, Species and Genetic Diversity

Target 11: By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10% of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.

Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.



Strategic Goal D: Enhance the Benefits to All from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable.

Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15% of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.

Target 16: By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation.

Strategic Goal E. Enhance Implementation Through Participatory Planning, Knowledge Management and Capacity-Building

Target 17: By 2015, each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan.

Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels.

Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred and applied.

Target 20: By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to resource needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties.

Environmental Affairs DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining

Private Bag 394Lilongwe 3, Malawi

Documents

CBD Strategy and Action Plan - Malawi (English version) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II is a framework for action that will guide Malawi to sustainably manage its