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Name: ____________________________________ Causes of the French Revolution Document #1a 1) Based on document 1a, describe (tell about) the social class system in France in 1789 Document # 1b 2) Explain several (3) reasons why the third estate would be unhappy (not happy) with the French estate system. Document #2 3) Compare (same) and contrast (different) the Bourgeoisie and the peasantry. 4) Why (state the reason) might have the Bourgeoisie led the French Revolution rather than the peasantry? Document #3 “The French Revolution” Oxford Press 5) Explain two reasons why there were “bread riots.” The Third Estate consisted of everyone who was not a member of either the First or Second Estates. It was composed of the bourgeoisie, the peasantry (poorer workersdocument above) and the urban artisans. As a class, the bourgeoisie merchants, manufacturers, bankers, doctors, lawyers, intellectuals had wealth. But, wealth did not mean status or privilege. Wealth was nothing without power. 1789, the bourgeoisie felt frustrated (upset) and blocked by the aristocracy (the rich), whose only interest was that everyone maintain their place in society. By 1789, the bourgeoisie had numerous grievances (complaints) they wished addressed. They wanted all Church, army and government positions open to men of talent and merit. They sought a Parliament that would make all the laws for the nation. They desired a constitution that would limit the king's powers. They also desired fair trials, religious toleration and vast administrative reforms. A series of crop failures caused a shortage of grain, raising the price of bread. Because bread was the main source of nutrition for poor peasants, this led to starvation. Contributing to the peasant unrest were conspiracy theories that the lack of food was a planned plot by the nobility. The two years previous to the revolution (1788– 89) saw meager (small) harvests and harsh winters. The price of a loaf of bread rose by 67 percent in 1789 alone... Many peasants were relying on charity to survive, and they became increasingly motivated by their hunger. The 'bread riots' were the first manifestations (signs) of revolutionary sentiment.

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Page 1: Causes!of!the!French!Revolution ! ! ! ! ! ! Document!#1a!!

Name:  ____________________________________                      Causes  of  the  French  Revolution              Document  #1a    

 

 

 

 

 

 1) Based  on  document  1a,  describe  (tell  about)  the  social  class  system  in  France  in  1789  

     Document  #  1b                        

2) Explain  several  (3)  reasons  why  the  third  estate  would  be  unhappy  (not  happy)  with  the  French  estate  system.          Document  #2    

 

 

 

 

   

3) Compare  (same)  and  contrast  (different)  the  Bourgeoisie  and  the  peasantry.        

4) Why  (state  the  reason)  might  have  the  Bourgeoisie  led  the  French  Revolution  rather  than  the  peasantry?        Document  #3   “The  French  Revolution”  Oxford  Press    

 

 

 

5) Explain  two  reasons  why  there  were  “bread  riots.”    

 

 

The  Third  Estate  consisted  of  everyone  who  was  not  a  member  of  either  the  First  or  Second  Estates.  It  was  composed  of  the  bourgeoisie,  the  peasantry  (poorer  workersàdocument  above)  and  the  urban  artisans.  As  a  class,  the  bourgeoisie  -­‐  merchants,  manufacturers,  bankers,  doctors,  lawyers,  intellectuals  -­‐  had  wealth.  But,  wealth  did  not  mean  status  or  privilege.  Wealth  was  nothing  without  power.  1789,  the  bourgeoisie  felt  frustrated  (upset)  and  blocked  by  the  aristocracy  (the  rich),  whose  only  interest  was  that  everyone  maintain  their  place  in  society.  By  1789,  the  bourgeoisie  had  numerous  grievances  (complaints)  they  wished  addressed.  They  wanted  all  Church,  army  and  government  positions  open  to  men  of  talent  and  merit.  They  sought  a  Parliament  that  would  make  all  the  laws  for  the  nation.  They  desired  a  constitution  that  would  limit  the  king's  powers.  They  also  desired  fair  trials,  religious  toleration  and  vast  administrative  reforms.    

 

   

A  series  of  crop  failures  caused  a  shortage  of  grain,  raising  the  price  of  bread.  Because  bread  was  the  main  source  of  nutrition  for  poor  peasants,  this  led  to  starvation.  Contributing  to  the  peasant  unrest  were  conspiracy  theories  that  the  lack  of  food  was  a  planned  plot  by  the  nobility.  The  two  years  previous  to  the  revolution  (1788–89)  saw  meager  (small)  harvests  and  harsh  winters.  The  price  of  a  loaf  of  bread  rose  by  67  percent  in  1789  alone...  Many  peasants  were  relying  on  charity  to  survive,  and  they  became  increasingly  motivated  by  their  hunger.  The  'bread  riots'  were  the  first  manifestations  (signs)  of  revolutionary  sentiment.                            

 

Page 2: Causes!of!the!French!Revolution ! ! ! ! ! ! Document!#1a!!

Document  #4    

   

 

 

 

 

   

6) Describe  France’s  financial  (monetary)  problems.    

 

Document  #5      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 7) Describe  the  people’s  opinion  of  the  Queen,  Marie  Antoinette.  

     

Document  #6    

 

 

8) How  might  the  following  groups  respond  to  this  statement  by  Rousseau  a. 1st  Estate  -­‐  b. 2nd  Estate  -­‐    c. 3rd  Estate  -­‐  

   Exit  slip:  Evaluate  (review)  which  of  the  economic,  social,  and  political  problems  in  France  influenced  (persuaded)  the  people  to  rebel  against  their  government  the  most.      

At  the  age  of  15,  Marie  Antoinette  married  the  Crown  Prince  of  France  in  order  to  strengthen  the  French  monarchy's  ties  to  Austria.  In  1774,  The  Crown  Prince  of  France  became  King  Louis  XVI  and  Marie  Antoinette  became  the  Queen  of  France.  Marie  Antoinette  was  resented  by  the  people  of  Paris  because  of  her  foreign  birth  and  extravagant    (wasteful)  lifestyle.  The  peasants  thought  she  was  arrogant  (self-­‐centered)  and  Marie  became  the  target  (aim)  of  gossip  (talk)  and  was  accused  of  having  affairs  with  both  men  and  women.  Marie  appointed  her  friends  to  palace  positions  over  more  qualified  people.  All  of  this  led  to  accusations  of  corruption  and  she  was  called  the  "Austrian  Whore."  The  masses  began  using  Marie  Antoinette  as  a  scapegoat  for  their  frustration  with  the  Monarchy.    Unemployment  and  hunger  were  widespread  among  the  peasants  in  France  and  they  blamed  the  Queen  for  their  problems.  There  were  vicious  (cruel  or  nasty)  stories  made  up  about  Marie  Antoinette  by  the  common  Parisians  (people  from  Paris).  One  story  was  that  she  asked  why  the  peasants  were  angry  and  a  person  answered  "Because  they  have  no  bread"  to  which  Marie  Antoinette  declared  "LET  THEM  EAT  CAKE!"      

 

On  the  eve  of  the  revolution,  France  was  deeply  indebted,  so  deeply  as  to  be  effectively  bankrupt  (broke-­‐no  money).  Spending  by  Louis  XIV  on  luxuries  such  as  Versailles  was  compounded  by  heavy  spending  on  the  Seven  Years  War  and  the  American  War  of  Independence.  Because  of  the  successful  defense  by  the  nobles  of  their  privileges,  the  king  of  France  lacked  the  means  to  impose  a  "just  and  proportioned"  tax.  By  1787,  the  French  government  was  bankrupt.  It  was  4000  million  livres  ($)  in  debt.  France  had  spent  a  lot  of  money  fighting  costly  wars,  but  had  nothing  to  show  for  it.  Many  people  accused  the  royals,  especially  Queen  Marie-­‐  Antoinette  of  spending  too  much  money  on  luxuries.  Others  said  that  the  tax  system  was  corrupt  (dishonest)  and  some  tax-­‐collectors  did  not  hand  all  their  taxes  over  to  the  government.  In  1787  the  King  asked  the  nobility  to  help  him  reform  the  tax  system.  As  we  already  know,  members  of  the  first  and  second  estate  did  not  have  to  pay  some  taxes.  King  Louis  XVI  wanted  them  to  start  paying  some  of  them.    

The  People  should  have  power,  1775.Man  is  born  free.  No  man  has  any  natural  authority  over  others;  force  does  not  give  anyone  that  right.  The  power  to  make  laws  belongs  to  the  people  and  only  to  the  people.                          -­‐A  pamphlet,  banned  by  the  French  government  in  1775,  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau