• Causes of French Revolution 1789

• Changes brought about by the Revolution

It was the best of times, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the worst of times,Charles DickensCharles DickensA Tale of Two CitiesA Tale of Two Cities

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EvakM9Waus&feature=related

Marie Marie Antoinette Antoinette

and the and the Royal Royal

ChildrenChildren

The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793

Marie Antoinette & Louis Marie Antoinette & Louis XVIXVI

Ancien Regime

• Using the handout create your own diagram to represent the social structure in France under the Ancien Regime– Include: population numbers, three etstates,

description of ‘classes’, land ownership, privileges.

Let Them Eat Cake! Let Them Eat Cake!

Y Marie Antoinette NEVER said Marie Antoinette NEVER said that!that!

Y ““Madame Deficit”Madame Deficit”

Y ““The Austrian Whore”The Austrian Whore”

Socio-Economic Data, 1789Socio-Economic Data, 1789

The French Urban PoorThe French Urban Poor

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% of Income Spent on Bread

1787

1788

Where is the tax Where is the tax money?money?

Ancien RegimeAncien Regime Map, 1789 Map, 1789

Convening the Estates General Convening the Estates General May, 1789May, 1789

Last time it was called into session was 1614!Last time it was called into session was 1614!

Commoners3rd Estate

Aristocracy2nd Estate

Clergy1st Estate

The Suggested Voting Pattern:The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by EstatesVoting by Estates

1

1

1

Commoners3rd Estate

Aristocracy2nd Estate

Clergy1st Estate

The Number of RepresentativesThe Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head!in the Estates General: Vote by Head!

300

300

648

Europe on the Eve of theEurope on the Eve of theFrench RevolutionFrench Revolution

““The Third Estate Awakens”The Third Estate Awakens”

““The Tennis Court The Tennis Court Oath”Oath”

by Jacques Louis Davidby Jacques Louis David

June 20, 1789June 20, 1789

Storming the Bastille,Storming the Bastille,July 14, 1789July 14, 1789

The Great Fear:The Great Fear:Peasant RevoltPeasant Revolt

July 20, July 20, 17891789

March of the Women,March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789October 5-6, 1789

We want the baker, the baker’s wife We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!and the baker’s boy!

National Constituent AssemblyNational Constituent Assembly1789 - 17911789 - 1791

August DecreesAugust DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789August 4-11, 1789

(A renunciation of aristocratic (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)privileges!)

Liberté!

Liberté!

Egalité!Egalité!

Fraternité!

Fraternité!

V Equality & Equality & MeritocracyMeritocracy

The Tricolor (1789)The Tricolor (1789)

The WHITE of the The WHITE of the Bourbons + the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of RED & BLUE of

Paris.Paris.

Citizen!Citizen!

The Declaration of the The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Rights of Man and of

the Citizenthe Citizen

August August 26, 26, 17891789

‘‘Liberty, Liberty, Equality, Equality, FraternitFraternit

y!’y!’

The Confiscation of Church LandsThe Confiscation of Church Lands

17901790

Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791& the National Assembly. 1791

The French Constitution of 1791:The French Constitution of 1791:Created by the National AssemblyCreated by the National Assembly

Y The kingThe king ** he could not pass laws. he could not pass laws. ** his ministers were responsible his ministers were responsible for their own actions. for their own actions.

Y A permanent, elected, single chamber A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly.National Assembly. ** had the power to grant taxation. had the power to grant taxation.

Y An independent judiciary.An independent judiciary.

Y A newly elected LEGISLATIVE A newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.ASSEMBLY.

Louis Flees

• Louis reaction to attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy was to flee and encourage Austria and Prussia to invade France.

• Caught and arrested by revolutionaries and returned to Paris

• Louis’ reaction marks a fatal turning point.• Viewed as a traitor.• A republic is publically discussed

Legislative Assembly• Conservatives: Wanted a limited

monarchy, thought Revolution had gone far enough. SAT ON RIGHT OF HALL

• Moderates: No extreme views. Sided with conservatives or radicals depending on issue. SAT IN MIDDLE OF HALL

• Radicals: Extreme views, want a Republic. Want far-reaching change. SAT ON LEFT OF HALL.

The End of Monarchy

• Invasion of Prussia & Austria spark uprisings in Paris

• Louis is accused of plotting with enemy• Royal family is imprisoned, King’s Guard

massacred.• Monarchy suspended• Legislative Assembly vote itself out of

existence to be replaced by NATIONAL CONVENTION.

September 1792 National Convention

• Three main groups (no one supporting the King)

• Girondists: Republicans, representing middle class who feared domination of France by Paris

• Jacobins: Most powerful figures in this group were MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE and GEORGES-JAQUES DANTON. Many of these were extreme radicals wanted reform that would benefit all classes, including the san-culottes.

• Third Group without definite views or identity.

January 21st 1793

• National Convention charge Louis with plotting against the nation

• Beheaded by guillotine

• Shockwaves around Europe and even America

Committee of Public Safety• Set up by National Convention to meet

challenges from outside France

• Committee’s duty to:– Direct the army in crushing foreign invaders– Establish a court ‘Revolutionary Tribunal’ to try

enemies of the Revolution– Introduce conscription – all unmarried men 18-

25. Army becomes new nationalistic and patriotic force. All classes can become officers.

““Must” Reads:Must” Reads:Important Books & Pamphlets Important Books & Pamphlets

of the French Revolutionof the French Revolution