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Causes of Food Deterioration and Spoilage

Causes of Food Deterioration and Spoilage - Jajo's Sitemissjajo.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/8/6/25861318/... · !1.Bacteria: Bacteriaare microscopic#organisms# that#cause#food#poisoning#

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Page 1: Causes of Food Deterioration and Spoilage - Jajo's Sitemissjajo.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/8/6/25861318/... · !1.Bacteria: Bacteriaare microscopic#organisms# that#cause#food#poisoning#

Causes of Food Deterioration and Spoilage

Page 2: Causes of Food Deterioration and Spoilage - Jajo's Sitemissjajo.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/8/6/25861318/... · !1.Bacteria: Bacteriaare microscopic#organisms# that#cause#food#poisoning#

What causes Food to go off?

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Microbial Activity

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§ 1.  Bacteria:  Bacteria  are  

microscopic  organisms  

that  cause  food  poisoning  

when  consumed.  Bacteria  

like  moist,  war:,  low  acid  

environments.  

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§ 2.  Yeasts:  Yeasts  are  single  –  celled  plant  organisms  that  can  produce  slime  on  ?@it  juices  and  vinegar  products  and  can  cause  other  foods    to  fer:ent  and  thus  spoil.    

 

§ Fer:ent  –  production  of  acid  or  alcohol  by  micro  organisms  that  changes  the  texF@re,  flavour  and  aroma  of  food.  

 

§ Therefore,  foods    affected  by  yeast  can  give  a  tingly  sensation  to  the  tong@e  and  a  slightly  acidic  flavour.    

 

§ Yeasts  are  unpleasant,  but  not  har:f@l.    

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§ 3.  Moulds:  Mould  is  different  ?om  the  other  micro-­‐organisms  as  it  can  be  seen  by  the  naked  eye.    

 

§ Moulds  are  a  for:  of  f@ngi  an  reproduce  by  for:ing  spores  on  the  surface  of  foods.  

 

§ Mould  appears  as  dark  coMonwool-­‐like  mass  on  the  surface  of  food  like  bread,  cheese  and  ?@it.    

 

§ The  appearance  of  mould  make  food  undesirable,  but  they  do  not  cause  as  much  illness  as  bacteria.    

 

§ Moulds  are  used  in  the  production  of  food,  such  as;  blue  vein  cheese.    

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Enzymatic Changes •  Enzy:es  help  to  speed  up  reactions.      •  Some  Enzy:es  found  nat@rally  in  foods  can  cause  food  

spoilage.  These  nat@ral  chemicals  cause  foods  to  ripen  and  age.    •  This  process  does  not  ‘switch  itself  off’  and  continues  past  the  

optimum  ripening  stage.    •  For  example,  when  you  pick  a  banana  and  leave  it  to  sit  in  a  

?@it  bowl  for  a  while,  it  will  begin  to  brown  and  sosten.    

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Physical and Chemical Reactions

•  Storing  food  corUectly  is  imporFant  as  it  reduces  the  opporF@nitV  for  foods  to  be  exWosed  to  conditions  that  will  affect  their  physical  and  chemical  properFies.  

 •  Non-­‐Perishable  foods,  such  as  canned  foods,  should  be  stored  in  a  clean  

pantUV  that  is  at  room  temperat@re  and  ?ee  ?om  any  moist@re  to  prevent  mould  ?om  developing.  

 •  DrV  goods,  such  as  cereals  and  breads,  should  be  stored  in  airFight  

containers  to  stop  contamination  by  insects  and  rodents.      

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•  Cold  storage  includes  re?igerated  and  ?ozen  storage  areas.  Re?igerators  should  be  operating  at  or  below  5°C,  while  Freezers  usually  keep  foods  below      -­‐18°C.  

 •  All  foods  in  the  re?igerator  should  be  well  covered  and  organised  to  

avoid  cross  contamination.    

•  Frozen  Foods  should  be  well  covered  and  the  air  should  be  released  to  avoid  ‘Freezer  Bura’.    

 

Continued…  

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Environmental Factors Food  can  be  contaminated  as  a  result  of  environmental  factors.  These  include;    ü Food  coming  in  contact  with  dirF  or  dust.    ü Insect  spray  being  used  in  the  kitchen  while  food  is  lest  uncovered.    ü Foods  being  exWosed  to  the  air.    ü Damaged  packaging.    ü Foods  stored  in  the  temperat@re  danger  zone.      

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ü A  waiter  accidentally  puMing  his/  her  fingers  on  the  plate  while  serfing  food.  

 ü Food  placed  on  crockerV  (plates,  bowls)  that  have  been  incorUectly  

cleaned.    ü A  food  handler  using  a  gloved  hand  for  both  serfing  food  and  handling  

money.