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Cause and Effect Essays. Cause and Effect. It’s simple, just four paragraphs: Introduction Causes Effects Conclusion. First Paragraph. Introduction: One or two introductory sentences Thesis statement. Second Paragraph. Causes: Topic sentence introducing causes First cause - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cause and Effect Essays
Cause and Effect
It’s simple, just four paragraphs:• Introduction• Causes• Effects• Conclusion
First Paragraph
Introduction:• One or two introductory sentences• Thesis statement
Second Paragraph
Causes:• Topic sentence introducing causes• First cause
– Supporting info: one or more sentences• Second cause
– Supporting info: one or more sentences
Third Paragraph
Effects:• Topic sentence introducing effects• First effect
– Supporting info: one or more sentences• Second effect
– Supporting info: one or more sentences
Fourth Paragraph
Conclusion (at least two of the following):• Restatement of causes• Restatement of effects• Proposed solutions• Look to future
Let’s Put Together an Essay!
I’ll give you the pieces, you arrange them into an essay
Sample Essay: Paragraph 1
IntroductionIn the past people used to eat healthy, freshly prepared food with their families in the home.
Today however, many people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, or pizza.
There are many reasons why this change has occurred, but fast-food also has some serious effects on individuals and society.
Thesis Statement
Introduce Topic
Past
PresentPresent
Sample Essay: Paragraph 2
Causes
There are many reasons for the popularity of fast food.
One of the main reasons is the change in lifestyle. Many people are
working long hours or extended school days. They don’t have time
to prepare good food. Women are now starting to work, and this can
result in less time being available for preparing meals.
Another cause is the huge number of young, affluent people. The
rapid development of the country has meant that young people,
have more money to spend.
Topic Sentence
Cause 1
Cause 2
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence Supporting
InfoSupporting
Info
Supporting Info
Supporting Info
Sample Essay: Paragraph 3
Effects
However, this change in diet can have some serious effects.
One effect is on health. Many individuals are becoming fat. These people will be less productive and have conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.
Another result of fast food is the loss of the family tradition of eating together. Children and adults rarely eat together now, and thus get less opportunity to talk.
Topic Sentence
Effect 1
Effect 2
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence Supporting
InfoSupporting
Info
Supporting Info
Supporting Info
Sample Essay: Paragraph 4
Conclusion
In conclusion, fast food, although it is convenient, can have serious health and social effects.
People should learn to choose fast food carefully and remember the pleasure of eating good food in good company.
Restate Effects …
Look to future
• To explain reasons and results, we can use:• As a result,• As a consequence,• Consequently,• One reason why ...• One of the most important reasons why ...• The main reasons why ...• There are other reasons, too,
Some Language …from http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/types%20of%20essays/Cause%20and%20effect%20Essay.htm
• So,• Since• As, • Because
Topics
1. Air pollution in China2. The global economic crisis3. Over population4. Noise pollution5. Computer revolution6. Overuse of the internet7. Growth of cities in China8. Unaffordable housing in China
Do’s and Don’ts
Do:• Use the new template Essay Template.doc on
the essay-writing page of the TUSTCLASS2010 Essay Writing page
• Write in third person: use it, they, their, them • Look at the sample essays• Look at the IELTS Writing Problems-Key.pdf on
the TUSTCLASS2010 Better Writing page
Do’s and Don’ts
Don’t:• Use first person: I, we• Use second person: you• Use “nowadays” or “In a word” and then write
more than 1-3 words
… and more Do’s
• Do check very carefully for Deadly Sins• Do check grammar – I will be marking it more
carefully this time
Due Dates
• Classes 42 and 43: Wednesday, April 6 • Class 41: Thursday, April 7• Class 44: Friday, April 8
Cause and Effect RubricDeadly Sins (-10 pts. each)Spelling, capitalization, etc., errors ___TUST standards errors ___Late: -10 for each day ___ Content (10 pts. each)Intro: Intro. topic, Thesis Statement ___Cause 1 & supporting info ___Cause 2 & supporting info ___Effect 1 & supporting info ___Effect 2 & supporting info ___Conclusion: ___
Organization (10 pts. each)Ideas follow logically ___Statements are relevant to the topic ___
Mechanics (20 pts.)Grammar, usage, punctuation: ___
