Cat Mock1 Pap

8/20/2019 Cat Mock1 Pap

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CAT MOCK PAPER 1

INSTRUCTIONS – Please read these carefully before attempting the test

1. This test is based on pattern of previous years’ CAT papers.

. There are four sections

!ection " # $n%&ish '() *uestions+

!ection "" # Readin% Comprehension '() *uestions+

!ection """ # *uantitative Abi&ity '() *uestions+

!ection ", # ata "nterpretation ata !ufficiency '() *uestions+

. The total time allotted is 2 hours eactly! 0&ease note your start time and end

time on the answer sheet. o not tae more than hours2 or you wi&& %et a wron%

assessment.

(. P&ease fi&& a&& the detai&s2 as ased on top of the answer sheet.

3. P&ease try to ma4imi5e your attempt overa&&2 but you need to do "ell in all

sections!

#! There is $ mar% for e&ery right ans"er and '!2( negati&e mar%s for e&ery

"rong one!

6. There are four sections in this test do first two sections in first hour and second

two sections in second hour.

7. Since it is a time constrained test and you have hours2 and a&& 8uestions carry

e8ua& mars2 p&ease do not %et stuc on any 8uestion2 move fast to try and do

easier ones.

9. 0lease do all scratch "or% on paper only) no etra sheets to be used! 0ut a&&

your answers on the answer sheet.

1). R ela! *ou are competing against yourself!

CAT Sample Paper Sol1

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S+CTION – I

Number of ,uestions- .'

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions $ to $'- Read each of the short passa%es %iven be&ow and answer the 8uestionthat fo&&ows it.

1. Three air&ines - "A2 A and !A - operate on the e&hi-Mumbai route. To increase the number of seatsso&d2 !A reduced its fares and this was emu&ated by "A and A immediate&y. The %enera& be&ief was thatthe vo&ume of air trave& between e&hi and Mumbai wou&d increase as a resu&t.;hich of the fo&&owin%2 if true2 wou&d add credence to the %enera& be&ief<=1> "ncrease in profitabi&ity of the three air&ines.

=> $4tension of the discount scheme to other routes.=> A study that shows that air trave&&ers in "ndia are price-conscious.=(> A study that shows that as much as 7)? of air trave& in "ndia is company-sponsored.

. Accordin% to Mc@ei&&2 a rahmin priest was e4pected to be ab&e to recite at &east one of the ,edas. The

practice was essentia& for severa& centuries when the ,edas had not yet been written down. "t must havehad a se&ective effect2 since priests wou&d have been recruited from those ab&e or wi&&in% to memorise&on% passa%es. "t must have he&ped in the dissemination of the wor2 since a memorised passa%e can bedup&icated many times.;hich one of the fo&&owin% can be inferred from the above passa%e<=1> Recitin% the ,edas was a rahmin’s ob&i%ation=> The ,edic priest was &ie a recorded audio cassette

=> Mc@ei&& studied the behaviour of rahmin priests=(> ,edic hymns had not been scripted

. eve&oped countries have made ade8uate provisions for socia& security for senior citi5ens. !tate insurers'as we&& as private ones+ offer medicare and pension benefits to peop&e who can no &on%er earn. "n "ndia2with the co&&apse of the Boint fami&y system2 the traditiona& she&ter of the e&der&y has disappeared. And a

!tate faced with a financia& crunch is not in a position to provide socia& security. !o2 it is advisab&e that theworin% popu&ation %ives serious thou%ht to bui&d a financia& base for itse&f.;hich one of the fo&&owin%2 if it were to happen2 weaens the conc&usion drawn in the above passa%e the most<=1> The investib&e income of the worin% popu&ation2 as a proportion of its tota& income2 wi&& %row inthe future.=> The insurance sector is underdeve&oped and trends indicate that it wi&& be e4tensive&y privatised in

the future.=> "ndia is on a path of deve&opment that wi&& tae it to a deve&oped country status2 with a&& its positiveand ne%ative imp&ications.=(> "f the worin% popu&ation bui&ds a stron%er financia& base2 there wi&& be a reviva& of the Boint fami&ysystem.

(. ,arious studies have shown that our forested and hi&&y re%ions2 and2 in %enera&2 areas where

biodiversity -- as ref&ected in the variety of f&ora -- is hi%h2 are the p&aces where poverty appears to behi%h. And these same areas are a&so the ones where educationa& performance seems to be poor.Therefore2 it may be surmised that2 even disre%ardin% poverty status2 richness in biodiversity %oes handin hand with educationa& bacwardness.;hich one of the fo&&owin% statements2 if true2 can be said to best provide supportin% evidence for the

surmise mentioned in the passa%e<=1> "n re%ions where there is &itt&e variety in f&ora2 educationa& performance is seen to be as %ood as in

re%ions with hi%h variety in f&ora2 when poverty &eve&s are hi%h.=> Re%ions which show hi%h biodiversity a&so e4hibit poor educationa& performance2 at &ow &eve&s of

poverty.=> Re%ions which show hi%h biodiversity revea& hi%h &eve&s of poverty and poor educationa&

performance.




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=(> "n re%ions where there is &ow biodiversity2 at a&& &eve&s of poverty2 educationa& performance is seento be %ood.

3. Ci%arettes constitute a mere )? of tobacco consumption in "ndia2 and fewer than 13? of the ))

mi&&ion tobacco users consume ci%arettes. et these 13? contribute near&y 9)? of the ta4 revenues tothe $4che8uer from the tobacco sector. The punitive ci%arette ta4ation re%ime has ept the ta4 basenarrow2 and reducin% ta4es wi&& e4pand this base.

;hich one of the fo&&owin% best bo&sters the conc&usion that reducin% duties wi&& e4pand the ta4 base<=1> The ci%arette manufacturers’ association has decided to indu&%e in a%%ressive promotion.=> There is a &ie&ihood that tobacco consumers wi&& shift to ci%arette smoin% if ci%arette prices were

to reduce.=> The ci%arette manufacturers are &obbyin% for a reduction on duties.=(> An increase in duties on non-ci%arette tobacco may &ead to a shift in favor of ci%arette smoin%.

D. Thomas Ma&thus2 the ritish c&er%yman turned economist2 predicted that the p&anet wou&d not be ab&eto support the human popu&ation for &on%. Eis e4p&anation was that human popu&ation %rows at a%eometric rate2 whi&e the food supp&y %rows on&y at an arithmetic rate.;hich one of the fo&&owin%2 if true2 wou&d not undermine the thesis offered by Ma&thus<=1> 0opu&ation %rowth can be s&owed down by the vo&untary choices of individua&s and not Bust by

natura& disasters.

=> The capacity of the p&anet to feed a %rowin% human popu&ation can be enhanced throu%h biotechno&o%ica& means.=> Euman systems2 and natura& systems &ie food supp&y2 fo&&ow natura& &aws of %rowth2 which haveremained constant2 and wi&& remained unchan%ed.

=(> Euman bein%s can co&onise other p&anetary systems on a re%u&ar and on-%oin% basis toaccommodate a %rowin% popu&ation.

6. The company’s coffee crop for 1997-99 tota&&ed 7)69 tonnes2 an a&& time record. The increase over the previous year’s production of 37) tonnes was 7.37?. The previous hi%hest crop was D)79 tonnes in196)-61. The company had fi4ed a tar%et of 7))) tonnes to be rea&ised by the year )))-)12 and thishas been achieved two years ear&ier2 thans to the emphasis &aid on the ey areas of irri%ation2rep&acement of unproductive coffee bushes2 intensive refi&&in% and improved a%ricu&tura& practices. "t isnow our endeavour to reach the tar%et of 1)))) tonnes in the year ))1-).

;hich one of the fo&&owin% wou&d contribute most to main% the tar%et of 1)))) tonnes in ))1-) unrea&istic The potentia& of the productivity enhancin% measures imp&emented up to now has been e4hausted.=> The tota& company &and under coffee has remained constant since 19D9 when an estate in the @i&%iri

Ei&&s was ac8uired.=> The sensitivity of the crop to c&imatic factors maes predictions about production uncertain.=(> The tar%et-settin% procedures in the company have been proved to the sound by the achievement of

the 7))) tonne tar%et.

7. Anima&s in %enera& are shrewd in proportion as they cu&tivate society. $&ephants and beavers show the

%reatest si%ns of this sa%acity when they are to%ether in &ar%e numbers2 but when man invades their communities they &ose a&& their spirit of industry. Amon% insects2 the &abours of the bee and the ant haveattracted the attention and admiration of natura&ists2 but a&& their sa%acity seems to be &ost uponseparation2 and a sin%&e bee or ant seems destitute of every de%ree of industry. "t becomes the moststupid insect ima%inab&e2 and it &an%uishes and soon dies.

;hich of the fo&&owin% can be inferred from the above passa%e<=1> Eumanind is responsib&e for the destruction of the natura& habitat of anima&s and insects.=> Anima&s2 in %enera&2 are unab&e to function effective&y outside their norma& socia& environment.=> @atura&ists have %reat admiration for bees and ants2 despite their &ac of industry upon separation.=(> $&ephants and beavers are smarter than bees and ants in the presence of human bein%s.

9. "n a recent report2 the %ross enro&ment ratios at the primary &eve&2 that is2 the number of chi&drenenro&&ed in c&asses one to five as a proportion of a&& chi&dren a%ed D to 1)2 were shown to be very hi%hfor most statesF in many cases they were way above 1)) percentG These fi%ures are not worth anythin%2

since they are based on the officia& enro&ment data compi&ed from schoo& records. They mi%ht as we&&stand for H%ross e4a%%eration ratios’.;hich of the fo&&owin% options best supports the c&aim that the ratios are e4a%%erated<




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=1> The definition of %ross enro&ment ratio does not e4c&ude2 in its numerator2 chi&dren be&ow D years or above 1) years enro&&ed in c&asses one to five.=> A schoo& attendance study found that many chi&dren enro&&ed in the schoo& records were not meetin%

a minimum attendance re8uirement of 7) percent.=> A study estimated that c&ose to percent of chi&dren enro&&ed in the c&ass one records were be&ow Dyears of a%e and sti&& to start %oin% to schoo&.

=(> emo%raphic surveys show shifts in the popu&ation profi&e which indicate that the number of chi&dren in the a%e %roup D to 1) years is dec&inin%.

1). !5ymansi su%%ests that the prob&em of racism in footba&& may be present even today. Ee be%ins byverifyin% an ear&ier hypothesis that c&ubs’ wa%e bi&&s e4p&ain 9)? of their performance. Thus2 if p&ayers’ sa&aries were to be on&y based on their abi&ities2 c&ubs that spend more shou&d finish hi%her. "f

there is pay discrimination a%ainst some %roup of p&ayers -- fewer teams biddin% for b&ac p&ayers thus&owerin% the sa&aries for b&acs with the same abi&ity as whites -- that neat re&ation may no &on%er ho&d.Ee conc&udes that certain c&ubs seem to have achieved much &ess than what they cou&d have2 by notrecruitin% b&ac p&ayers.;hich of the fo&&owin% findin%s wou&d best support !5ymansi’s conc&usions<=1> Certain c&ubs too advanta%e of the situation by hirin% above-avera%e shares of b&ac p&ayers.

=> C&ubs hired white p&ayers at re&ative&y hi%h wa%es and did not show proportionate&y %ood

performance.=> urin% the study period2 c&ubs in towns with a history of discrimination a%ainst b&acs2 under- performed re&ative to their wa%e bi&&s.=(> C&ubs in one re%ion2 which had hi%her proportions of b&ac p&ayers2 had si%nificant&y &ower wa%e

bi&&s than their counterparts in another re%ion which had predominant&y white p&ayers.

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions $$ to $(- Ior the word %iven at the top of each tab&e2 match the dictionary

definitions on the &eft 'A2 2 C2 + with their correspondin% usa%e on the ri%ht '$2 I2 J2 E+. Kut of the four possibi&ities %iven in the bo4es be&ow the tab&e2 se&ect the one that has a&& the definitions and their usa%escorrect&y matched.

11. $4ceed

ictionary efinition Lsa%e

A. To e4tend outside of2 or en&ar%e beyondF used chief&y in strict&y physica& re&ations

$. The mercy of %od e4ceeds our finite minds.

. To be %reater than or superior to I. Their accomp&ishments e4ceeded our e4pectation

C. e beyond the comprehension of J. Ee e4ceed his authority when he paid his brothers %amb&in% debts with money from the trust

. To %o beyond a &imit set by 'as anauthority or privi&e%e+

E. "f this rain eeps up2 the river wi&& e4ceed its bans by mornin%

Answer choices:=1> A E => A E => A J =(> A I I $ I J

C $ C I C $ C E J J E $

1. "nfer


A. To derive by reasonin% or imp&ication

$. ;e see smoe and infer fire

. To surmise I. Jiven some utterance2 a &istener may infer from it

thin%s which the utterer never imp&ied

C. To point out J. " waited a&& day to meet him2 from this you can

infer my 5ea& to see him

. To hint E. !he did not tae part in the debate e4cept to as a 8uestion inferrin% that she was not interested inthe debate




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Answer choices:=1> A J => A I => A E =(> A $

E E J IC $ C $ C I C J I J $ E

1. Me&&ow


A. Ade8uate&y and proper&y a%es so as

to be free of harshness

$. Ee has me&&owed with a%e

. Ireed from the rashness of youth I. The tones of the o&d vio&in were me&&ow.

C. Kf soft and &oamy consistency J. !ome wines are me&&ow

. Rich and fu&& but free fromstridency

E. Me&&ow soi& is found in the Jan%etic p&ains

Answer choices:

=1> A $ => A $ => A J =(> A E J I $ JC I C J C E C I E E I $

1(. Re&ief


A. Remova& or &i%htenin% of somethin%distressin%

$. A ceremony fo&&ows the re&ief of a sentry after the mornin% shift

. Aid in the form of necessities for the indi%ent

I. "t was a re&ief to tae off the ti%ht shoes.

C. iversion J. The on&y re&ief " %et is by p&ayin% cards

. Re&ease from the performance of duty

E. isaster re&ief was offered to the victims.

Answer choices:=1> A I => A I => A E =(> A J

E E I $C $ C J C J C E J $ $ I

13. 0ur%e

A. Remove a sti%ma from the name of $. The opposition was pur%ed after the coup.

. Mae c&ean by removin% whatever is superf&uous2 forei%n

I. The committee heard his attempt to pur%ehimse&f of a char%e of heresy.

C. Jet rid of J. ru%s that pur%e the bowe&s are often bad for the brain

. To cause evacuation of E. "t is recommended to pur%e water bydisti&&ation

Answer choices:=1> A $ => A I => A E =(> A I

J $ I EC I C E C J C $

E J $ J




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/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions $# to 2'- "n each of the fo&&owin% sentences the main statement is fo&&owed byfour sentences each. !e&ect the pair of sentences that re&ate &o%ica&&y with the %iven statement.

1D. $ither !ita is sic or she is care&ess.A. !ita is not sic . !ita is not care&ess. C. !ita is sic . !ita is care&ess.=1> A => A => A =(> A

16. Ram %ets a swo&&en nose whenever he eats hambur%ers.A. Ram %ets a swo&&en nose. . Ram does not eat hambur%ers

C. Ram does not %et a swo&&en nose . Ram eats hambur%ers.=1> A => C => AC =(> C

17. $ither the emp&oyees have no confidence in the mana%ement or they are hosti&e by nature.A. They are hosti&e by nature . They are not hosti&e by nature.C. They have confidence in the mana%ement

. They have no confidence in the mana%ement.=1> A => C => AC =(> C

19. ;henever Ram reads &ate into the ni%ht2 his father beats him up.

A. Eis father does not beat Ram. . Ram reads &ate into the ni%ht.C. Ram reads ear&y in the mornin%. . Ram’s father beats him in the mornin%.

=1> C => => A =(> @one of the above.

). A&& irresponsib&e parents shout if their chi&dren do not cavort.A. A&& irresponsib&e parents do not shout. . Chi&dren cavortC. Chi&dren do not cavort. . A&& irresponsib&e parents shout.=1> A => A => CA =(> A&& of the above.

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestion 2$ to 2(- "n each of the fo&&owin% sentences2 parts of the sentence are &eft b&an.eneath each sentence2 four different ways of comp&etin% the sentence are indicated. Choose the best a&ternativefrom amon% the four.

1. ut NNNNNNNNNNN are now re%u&ar&y written to describe we&&-estab&ished practices2 or%anisations andinstitutions2 not a&& of which seem to be NNNNNNNN away.=1> reports2 witherin% => stories2 tradin%=> boos2 dyin% =(> obituaries2 fadin%

. The arwin who NNNNNNNNNNN is most remarab&e for the way in which he NNNNNNNNNthe attributes of the wor&d c&ass thiner and head of the househo&d.

=1> comes2 fi%ures => arises2 adds=> emer%es2 combines =(> appeared2 combines

. !ince her face was free of NNNNNNNNNN there was no way to NNNNNNNNNN if she appreciated what hadhappened.=1> mae-up2 rea&ise => e4pression2 ascertain

=> emotion2 dia%nose =(> scars2 understand

(. "n this conte4t2 the NNNNNNNNNN of the ritish &abour movement is particu&ar&y NNNNNNNNNNN .=1> affair2 weird => activity2 movin%=> e4perience2 si%nificant =(> atmosphere2 %&oomy

3. "ndian inte&&ectua&s may boast2 if they are so inc&ined2 of bein% NNNNNNNNNN to the most e&itist amon%the inte&&ectua& NNNNNNNNNNN of the wor&d.=1> subordinate2 traditions => heirs2 c&i8ues=> ancestors2 societies =(> heir2 traditions




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/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 2# to 0'- Arran%e sentences A2 2 C2 between sentences 1 and D to form a&o%ica& se8uence of si4 sentences.

D. 1. uddhism is a way to sa&vation.A. ut uddhism is more severe&y ana&ytica&.. "n the Christian tradition there is a&so a concern for the fate of human society conceived as a who&e2

rather than mere&y as a sum or networ of individua&s.C. !a&vation is a property2 or achievement of individua&s.. @ot on&y does it disso&ve society into individua&s2 the individua& in turn is disso&ved into component

parts and instants2 a steam of events.D. "n modern termino&o%y2 uddhist doctrine is reductionist.=1> AC => CA => AC =(> AC

6. 1. The prob&em of improvin% "ndian a%ricu&ture is both a socio&o%ica& and an administrative one.A. "t a&so appears that there is a direct re&ationship between the si5e of a state and deve&opment.

. The issues of "ndian deve&opment2 and the prob&ems of "ndia’s a%ricu&tura& sector2 wi&& remain withus &on% into the ne4t century.C. ;ithout improvin% "ndian a%ricu&ture2 no &ibera&isation and de&icensin% wi&& be ab&e to he&p "ndia.. At the end of the day2 there has to be a ferment and movement of &ife and action in the vast se%ment

of rura& "ndia.D. ;hen it starts marchin%2 "ndia wi&& f&y.

=1> AC => CA => AC =(> AC

7. 1. Jood &iterary ma%a5ines have a&ways been %ood because of their editors.A. Iurthermore2 to edit by committee2 as it were2 wou&d prevent any ma%a5ine from findin% its ownidentity.. The more 8uiry and idiosyncratic they have been2 the better the ma%a5ine is2 at &east as a %enera&

ru&e.C. ut the number of editors one can have for a ma%a5ine shou&d a&so be determined by the number of contributions to it.. To have four editors for an issue that contains on&y seven contributions is a bit si&&y to start with.D. Eowever2 in spite of this anoma&y2 the ma%a5ine does ac8uire merit in its attempt to %ive a

comprehensive view of the "ndian &iterary scene as it is today.=1> AC => CA => AC =(> CA

9. 1. "t’s the success story of the "ndian e4patriate in the L! which today ho%s much of the mediacovera%e in "ndia.A. $ast and ;est2 the twain have met 8uite comfortab&y in their person2 than you.. $specia&&y in its more recent romancin%-the-@R" phase.

C. !e&dom does the price of %ettin% there - more &ie not %ettin% there - or what’s %oin% on behind thosesunny smi&es %et so much media hype.. ;e&& %roomed2 with their perfect Co&%ate smi&es2 and hair in p&ace2 they appear the picture of confidence which comes from havin% arrived.D. The festiva& of feature fi&ms and documentaries made by Americans of "ndian descent bein% screenedthis fortni%ht %oes a &on% way in fi&&in% those %aps.

=1> AC => AC => AC =(> AC

). 1. The wind had sava%e a&&ies.A. "f it had not been for my c&ose&y fitted he&met2 the e4p&osions mi%ht have shattered my eardrums.. The first c&ap of thunder came as a deafenin% e4p&osion that &itera&&y shoo my teeth.C. " didn’t hear the thunderF " actua&&y fe&t it -- an a&most unbearab&e physica& e4perience.

. " saw &i%htnin% a&& around me in every shape ima%inab&e.D. ;hen very c&ose2 it be%an rainin% so torrentia&&y that " thou%ht " wou&d drown in mid-air.=1> CA => CA => CA =(> AC




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/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 0$ to 0(- Choose the %rammatica&&y correct sentence from amon% the four options %iven.

1. =1> " am not one of those who be&ieve everythin% they hear.=> " am not one of these who be&ieves everythin% " hear.=> " am not one of those who be&ieves everythin% he hears.

=(> " am not one of those who be&ieves in everythin% one hears.

. =1> Cannot one do what one &ies with one’s own<=> Cannot one do that one &ies to do with his own<=> Cannot one do that one &ies with his own<=(> Cannot one do what he &ies with his own<

. =1> There’s Mr. !om2 whom they say is the best sin%er in the country.=> There’s Mr. !om2 who they say is the best sin%er in the country.=> There is Mr. !om2 whom they say is the best sin%er in the country.=(> There is Mr. !om who2 they say is the best sin%er in the country.

(. =1> $ach of the students has done we&&. => $ach of the student has done we&&.

=> $ach of the students have done we&&. =(> $ach of the student have done we&&.

3. =1> Today we &ove2 what tomorrow we hateF today we see2 what tomorrow we shun2 today we desire2

what tomorrow we fear.=> Today2 we &ove what tomorrow we hate2 today2 we see what tomorrow we shun2 today2 we desirewhat tomorrow we fear.=> Today we &ove what tomorrow we hate2 today we see what tomorrow we shun2 today we desirewhat tomorrow we fear.=(> Today we &ove what tomorrow we hateF today we see what tomorrow we shunF today we desire

what tomorrow we fear.

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 0# to .'- "n each of the fo&&owin% 8uestions a part of a para%raph or sentence has been under&ined. Irom the choices %iven2 you are re8uired to choose the one which wou&d best rep&ace theunder&ined part.

D. ,ictory is everythin% in the "ndian universe and Tendu&ar wi&& be e4pected to trans&ate his %enius tothat effect. To contemp&ate any other option is to contemp&ate the ris of fai&ure.=1> To contemp&ate any other action is to contemp&ate the ris of fai&ure.=> Iai&ure is not an action that can be contemp&ated.=> Any other action has the potentia& of fai&ure.

=(> Iai&ure is not an option.

6. "n Martin Amis’ new nove&2 the narrator is trapped -- and hurt&in% towards a terrib&e secret. "ts

reso&ution2 and the dreadfu& reve&ations it brin%s2 a&&y to %ive an e4cruciatin% vision of %ui&t.=1> a&&y to %ive an e4cruciatin% vision of %ui&t.=> to us %ive a vivid picture of %ui&t.=> is a painfu& picture of a %ui&t-ridden wor&d.=(> does not rea&&y so&ve a&& the 8uestions in the narrator’s mind.

7. Eow many times have " ased myse&f: when is the wor&d %oin% to start to mae sense< There is amonster out there2 and it is rushin% towards me over the uneven %round of consciousness.

=1> There is a monster out there => "t is as if the wor&d is on my shou&ders=> The answer is out there somewhere =(> There is a sea of sensibi&ity in me.

9. Contemp&atin% whether to e4ist with an insatiab&e romantic temperament2 he was the author and &ar%e&ythe subBect of a number of memorab&e nove&s.=1> Contemp&atin% whether to e4ist => Combinin% rea&istic detai&=> Misce%enatin% a bri&&iant mind =(> Aware that he had been born

(). "n a penetratin% study2 C!-T, focuses on those peop&e without hope2 whose bodies are cared for by

we&fare aid2 but whose spirit is often ne%&ected by a disinterested society.




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=1> whose bodies are cared for by we&fare aid=> who do not have enou%h to eat=> whose hope&essness may be a&&eviated =(> who may be physica&&y satiated

S+CTION – II


/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions .$ to 1'- Read the passa%es and answer the 8uestions based on them.

PSS3+ – I

" want to stress this persona& he&p&essness we are a&& stricen with in the face of a system that has passed beyondour now&ed%e and contro&. To brin% it nearer home2 " propose that we switch off from the bi% thin%s &ieempires and their wars to &itt&e fami&iar thin%s. Tae pins for e4amp&eG " do not now why it is that " so se&dom

use a pin when my wife cannot %et on without bo4es of them at handF but it is so2 and " wi&& therefore tae pinsas bein% for some reason specia&&y important to women.

There was a time when pinmaers cou&d buy the materia&2 shape it2 mae the head and the point2 ornament it2

and tae it to maret or to your door and se&& it to you. They had to now three trades: buyin%2 main%2 andse&&in%F and the main% re8uired si&& in severa& operations. They not on&y new how the thin% was done from

be%innin% to end2 but cou&d do it. ut they cou&d not afford to se&& you a bo4 of pins for a farthin%. 0ins cost somuch that a woman’s dress a&&owance was ca&&in% pin money.

y the end of the ei%hteenth century Adam !mith boasted that it too ei%hteen men to mae a pin2 each mandoin% a &itt&e bit of the Bob and passin% the pin on to the ne4t2 and none of them bein% ab&e to mae a who&e pinor to buy the materia&s or to se&& it when it was made. The most you cou&d say for them was that at &east they had

some idea of how it was made2 thou%h they cou&d not mae it. @ow as this meant that they were c&ear&y &esscapab&e and now&ed%eab&e men than the o&d pinmaers2 you may as why Adam !mith boasted of it as atriumph of civi&isation when its effect was so c&ear&y a de%radin% effect. The reason was that by settin% each manto do Bust one &itt&e bit of the wor and nothin% but that2 over and over a%ain2 he became very 8uic at it. Themen2 it is said2 cou&d turn out near&y five thousand pins a day eachF and thus pins became p&entifu& and cheap.

The country was supposed to be richer because it had more pins2 thou%h it had turned capab&e men into meremachines doin% their wor without inte&&i%ence and bein% fed by the spare food of the capita&ist as an en%ine isfed with coa&s and oi&. That was why the poet Jo&dsmith2 who was a farsi%hted economist as we&& as a poet2comp&ained that Hwea&th accumu&ates2 and men decay’.

@owadays Adam !mith’s ei%hteen men are as e4tinct as the dip&odocus. The ei%hteen f&esh-and-b&ood machinesare rep&aced by machines of stee&2 which spout out pins by the hundred mi&&ion. $ven sticin% them into pin

papers is done by machinery. The resu&t is that with the e4ception of a few peop&e who desi%n the machines2nobody nows how to mae a pin or how a pin is made: that is to say2 the modern worer in pin manufactureneed not be one-tenth so inte&&i%ent and si&fu& and accomp&ished as the o&d pinmaerF and the on&ycompensation we have for this deterioration is that pins are so cheap that a sin%&e pin has no e4pressib&e va&ue ata&&. $ven with a bi% profit stuc on to the cost-price you can buy do5ens for a farthin%F and pins are so rec&ess&ythrown away and wasted that verses have to be written to persuade chi&dren 'without success+ that it is a sin to

stea& a pin.

Many serious thiners2 &ie ohn Rusin and ;i&&iam Morris2 have been %reat&y troub&ed by this2 Bust asJo&dsmith was2 and have ased whether we rea&&y be&ieve that it is an advance in wea&th to &ose our si&& andde%rade our worers for the sae of bein% ab&e to waste pins by the ton. ;e sha&& see &ater on2 when we come toconsider the istribution of Oeisure2 that the cure for this is not to %o bac to the o&d waysF for if the savin% of

time by modern machinery was e8ua&&y divided amon% us2 it wou&d set us a&& free for hi%her wor than pinmain% or the &ie. ut in the meantime the fact remains that pins are now made by men and women whocannot mae anythin% by themse&ves2 and cou&d not arran%e between themse&ves to mae anythin% even in &itt&e bits. They are i%norant and he&p&ess2 and cannot &ift their fin%er to be%in their day’s wor unti& it has a&& beenarran%ed for them by their emp&oyers who themse&ves do not understand the machines that buy2 and simp&y payother peop&e to set them %oin% by carryin% out the machine maer’s directions.




10/28


The same is true of c&othes. Iormer&y the who&e wor of main% c&othes2 from the shearin% of the sheep to theturnin% out of the finished and washed %arment ready to put on2 had to be done in the country by the men andwomen of the househo&d2 especia&&y the womenF so that to this day an unmarried woman is ca&&ed a spinster.

@owadays nothin% is &eft of a&& this but the sheep shearin%F and even that2 &ie the mi&in% of cows2 is bein%done by machinery2 as the sewin% is. Jive a woman a sheep today and as her to produce a woo&&en dress for youF and not on&y wi&& she be 8uite unab&e to do it2 but you are as &ie&y as not to find that she is not even aware

of any connection between sheep and c&othes. ;hen she %ets her c&othes2 which she does by buyin% them at ashop2 she nows that there is a difference between woo& and cotton and si&2 between f&anne& and merino2 perhaps even between stocinet and to%ether weftsF but as to how they are made2 or what they are made of2 or

how they came to be in the shop ready for her to buy2 she nows hard&y anythin%. And the shop assistant fromwhom she buys is no wiser. The peop&e en%a%ed in the main% of them now even &essF for many of them aretoo poor to have much choice of materia&s when they buy their own c&othes.

Thus the capita&ist system has produced an a&most universa& i%norance of how thin%s are made and done2 whi&stat the same time it has caused them to be made and done on a %i%antic sca&e. ;e have to buy boos and

encyc&opaedias to find out what it is we are doin% a&& dayF and as the boos are written by peop&e who are notdoin% it2 and who %et their information from other boos2 what they te&& us is from twenty to fifty years out of date2 and impractica& at that. And of course most of us are too tired of our wor when we come home to want toread about itF what we need is a cinema to tae our minds off it and feed our ima%ination.

"t is a funny p&ace2 this word of Capita&ism2 with its astonishin% spread of i%norance and he&p&essness2 boastin%

a&& the time of its spread of education and en&i%htenment. There stand the thousands of property owners and themi&&ions of wa%e worersF none of them ab&e to mae anythin%2 none of them nowin% what to do unti&somebody te&&s them2 none of them havin% the &east notion of how it is that they find peop&e payin% them money2and thin%s in the shops to buy with it. And when they trave& they are surprised to find that sava%es and$s8uimau4 and vi&&a%ers who have to mae everythin% for themse&ves are more inte&&i%ent and resourcefu&G Thewonder wou&d be if they were anythin% e&se. ;e shou&d die of idiocy throu%h disuse of our menta& facu&ties if

we did not fi&& our heads with romantic nonsense out of i&&ustrated newspapers and nove&s and p&ays and fi&ms.!uch stuff eeps us a&iveF but it fa&sifies everythin% for us so absurd&y that it &eaves us more or &ess dan%erous&unatics in the rea& wor&d.

$4cuse my %oin% on &ie thisF but as " am a writer of boos and p&ays myse&fF " now the fo&&y and peri& of it

better than you do. And when " see that this moment of our utmost i%norance and he&p&essness2 de&usion andfo&&y2 has been stumb&ed on by the b&ind forces of Capita&ism as the moment for %ivin% votes to everybody2 sothat the few wise women are hope&ess&y overru&ed by the thousands whose po&itica& minds2 as far as they can besaid to have any po&itica& minds at a&&2 have been formed in the cinema2 " rea&ise that " had better stop writin% p&ays for a whi&e to discuss po&itica& and socia& rea&ities in this boo with those who are inte&&i%ent enou%h to&isten to me.

(1. A suitab&e tit&e to the passa%e wou&d beP=1> ou can’t hear a pin drop nowadays.=> Capita&ism and &abour disinte%ration: pinnin% the b&ame.=> The sa%a of the non-safety pins.=(> Reachin% the pinnac&e of capita&istic success.

(. ;hich of the fo&&owin% is true as far as pins are concerned<=1> The cost of pins is more nowadays to produce.=> $ar&ier2 wormen made pins with a &ot of &ove and care.=> 0inba&& machines are the standard pin producin% %ad%ets nowadays.=(> "t too far &on%er to mae a pin ear&ier.

(. ;hy do you thin that the author %ives the e4amp&e of Adam !mith<=1> ecause he thins that Adam !mith was a boaster without any facts to bac his utterance.=> ecause he wants to %ive us an e4amp&e of somethin% undesirab&e that Adam !mith was proud of.=> ecause he is proud to be a be&iever in a tenet of production that even a %reat man &ie Adam !mith boasted about.=(> ecause he fee&s that Adam !mith was ri%ht when he said that it too ei%hteen men to mae a pin.




11/28


((. "t may be inferred from the passa%e that the authorP=1> is a supporter of craftsmanship over bu& mechanised production.=> is a supporter of assemb&y &ine production over socia&istic systems of the same.

=> is a defender of the faith in capita&istic production.=(> @one of the above.

(3. The reason that chi&dren have to be tau%ht that stea&in% a pin is wron% is that:=1> they have an ama5in% proc&ivity to stea& them ri%ht from chi&dhood.=> pins are so common and cheap that tain% one wou&d not even be considered stea&in% by them.

=> stea&in% a pin wou&d &ead to stea&in% bi%%er thin%s in the future.=(> stea&in% an insi%nificant thin% &ie a pin smacs of &eptomania.

(D. ;hich of the fo&&owin% is not a%ainst the modern capita&istic system of mass production<=1> ohn Rusin => Jo&dsmith => Adam !mith =(> ;i&&iam Morris

(6. ;hich of the fo&&owin% can be a suitab&e first &ine to introduce the hypothetica& ne4t para%raph at theend of the passa%e<=1> The distribution of &eisure is not a term that can be e4p&ained in a few words.=> "f peop&e wear c&othes they hard&y seem to thin about the method of production.

=> Machines are the %ods of our a%e and there seems to be no atheists.=(> Cannot be determined from the passa%e.

(7. ;hen the author says that a woman now is not &ie&y to now about any connection between sheep andc&othes2 he is probab&y bein%:=1> vindictive => chauvinistic => satirica& =(> demeanin%

(9. Jo&dsmith’s dictum2 Qwea&th accumu&ates2 and men decay2 in the conte4t of the passa%e2 probab&y

means:=1> the more wea&thy peop&e %et2 they become more and more corrupt.=> the more rich peop&e %et2 they for%et the nuances of individua& abi&ity.=> peop&e may have a &ot of money2 but they have to die and decay someday.=(> the more a company %ets wea&thy the &ess they tae care of peop&e.

PSS3+ – II

@ow &et us turn bac to in8uire whether sendin% our capita& abroad2 and consentin% to be ta4ed to payemi%ration fares to %et rid of the women and men who are &eft without emp&oyment in conse8uence2 is a&& thatCapita&ism can do when our emp&oyers2 who act for our capita&ists in industria& affairs2 and are more or &ess

capita&ists themse&ves in the ear&ier sta%es of capita&istic deve&opment2 find that they can se&& no more of their %oods at a profit2 or indeed at a&&2 in their own country.

C&ear&y they cannot send abroad the capita& they have a&ready invested2 because it has a&& been eaten up by theworers2 &eavin% in its p&ace factories and rai&ways and mines and the &ieF and these cannot be paced into aship’s ho&d and sent to Africa. "t is on&y the fresh&y saved capita& that can be sent out of the country. This2 as we

have seen2 does %o abroad in heaps. ut the ritish emp&oyer who is worin% with capita& in the shape of worsfi4ed to ritish &and he&d by him on &on% &ease2 mustF when once he has so&d a&& the %oods at home that hisritish customers can afford to buy2 either shut up his wors unti& the customers have worn out their stoc of what they have bou%ht2 which wou&d banrupt him 'for the &and&ord wi&& not wait+2 or e&se se&& his superf&uous%oods somewhere e&se: that is2 he must send them abroad. @ow it is not easy to send them to civi&ised countries2 because they practise 0rotection2 which means that they impose heavy ta4es 'customs duties+ on forei%n %oods.

Lncivi&ised countries2 without 0rotection2 and inhabited by natives to whom %audy ca&icoes and cheap showy brassware are da55&in% and de&i%htfu& nove&ists2 are the best p&aces to mae for at first.

ut trade re8uires a sett&ed %overnment to put down the habit of p&underin% stran%ers. This is not a habit of simp&e tribes2 who are often friend&y and honest. "t is what civi&ised men do where there is no &aw to restrainthem. Lnti& 8uite recent times it was e4treme&y dan%erous to be wreced on our own coasts2 as wrecin%2 which

meant p&underin% wretched ships and refrainin% from any officious efforts to save the &ives of their crews2 was a




12/28


we&&-estab&ished business in many p&aces on our shores. The Chinese sti&& remember some astonishin% outburstsof &ootin% perpetrated by $n%&ish &adies of hi%h position2 at moments when &aw was suspended and price&esswors of art were to be had for the %rabbin%. ;hen tradin% with abori%ines be%ins with the visit of a sin%&e ship2

the cannons and cut&asses it carries may be 8uite sufficient to overawe the natives if they are troub&esome. Therea& difficu&ty be%ins when so many ships come2 that a &itt&e tradin% station of white men %rows up and attractsthe white ne’er-do-we&&s and vio&ent rou%hs who are a&ways bein% s8uee5ed out of civi&isation by the pressure of

&aw and order. "t is these riffraff who turn the p&ace into a sort of he&& in which sooner or &ater missionaries aremurdered and traders p&undered. Their home %overnments are appea&ed to put a stop to this. A %unboat is sentout and in8uiry made. The report after the in8uiry is that there is nothin% to be done but to set up a civi&ised

%overnment2 with a post office2 po&ice2 troops2 and a navy in the offin%. "n short2 the p&ace is added to somecivi&ised $mpire. And the civi&ised ta4payer pays the bi&& without %ettin% a farthin% of the profits.

Kf course the business does not stop there. The riffraff who have created the emer%ency move out Bust beyondthe boundary of the anne4ed territory2 and are as %reat a nuisance as ever to the traders when they havee4hausted the purchasin% power of the inc&uded natives and push on after fresh customers. A%ain they ca&& on

their home %overnment to civi&ise a further areaF and so bit by bit the civi&ised $mpire %rows at the e4pense of the home ta4payers2 without any intention or approva& on their part2 unti& at &ast2 thou%h a&& their rea& patriotismis centred on their own peop&e and confined to their own country2 their own ru&ers2 and their own re&i%ious faith2they find that the centre of their be&oved rea&m has shifted to the other hemisphere. That is how we in the ritish

"s&ands have found our centre moved from Oondon to the !ue5 Cana&2 and are now in the position that out of every hundred of our fe&&ow-subBects2 in whose defence we are e4pected to shed the &ast drop of our b&ood2 on&y

e&even are whites or even Christians. "n our bewi&derment some of us dec&are that the $mpire is a burden and a b&under2 whi&st others %&ory in it as a triumph. ou and " need not ar%ue with them Bust now2 our point for themoment bein% that2 whether b&under or %&ory2 the ritish $mpire was 8uite unintentiona&. ;hat shou&d have been undertaen on&y as a most carefu&&y considered po&itica& deve&opment has been a series of commercia&adventures thrust on us by capita&ists forced by their own system to cater for forei%n customers before their owncountry’s needs were one-tenth satisfied.

3). "t may be inferred that the passa%e was written:=1> when ritain was sti&& a co&onia& power.=> when the author was in a bad mood.=> when the author was worin% in the forei%n service of ritain.

=(> when the author’s country was overrun by the ritish.

31. Accordin% to the author2 the main reason why capita&ists %o abroad to se&& their %oods is:=1> that they want to civi&ise the underdeve&oped countries of the wor&d by %ivin% them their %oods.=> that they have to have new p&aces to se&& their surp&us %oods=> that they actua&&y want to ru&e new &ands and se&&in% %oods is an e4cuse.=(> @one of the above.

3. ;hy do the capita&istic traders prefer the uncivi&ised countries to the civi&ised ones<=1> ecause they find it easier to ru&e there.=> ecause civi&ised countries wou&d mae them pay protection duties.=> ecause civi&ised countries wou&d mae their own %oods.=(> ecause uncivi&ised countries &ie the cheap and %audy %oods of bad 8ua&ity a&& capita&ists produce.

3. Accordin% to the author2 the habit of p&underin% stran%ers:=1> is usua&&y not found in simp&e tribes but civi&ised peop&e.=> is usua&&y found in the barbaric tribes of the uncivi&ised nations.=> is a habit &imited on&y to $n%&ish &adies of hi%h position.=(> is a usua& habit with a&& white sinned peop&e.

3(. ;hich of the fo&&owin% may be ca&&ed the main comp&aint of the author<=1> The race of peop&e he be&on%s to are &ooters and p&underers.=> The capita&ists are tain% over the entire wor&d.=> "t is a way of &ife for $n%&ish &adies to &oot and p&under.=(> The $n%&ish ta4payer has to pay for the upeep of territories he did not want.




13/28


PSS3+ – III

Jovernments &ooin% for easy popu&arity have fre8uent&y been tempted into announcin% %ive-aways of a&& sortsF

free e&ectricity2 virtua&&y free water2 subsidised food2 c&oth at ha&f price2 and so on. The subsidy cu&ture has %oneto e4tremes: cooin% %as 'used most&y by the top 1)? of income-earners+ has been so&d at bare&y ha&f its cost.The wea&thiest peop&e in the country have had access for years to subsidised su%ar. The richest farmers in the

country %et subsidised ferti&iser. Lniversity education2 typica&&y accessed by the wea&thier sections2 is char%ed ata fraction of cost. 0osta& services are subsidised2 and so are rai&way passen%ers. us fares cannot be raised toeconomica& &eve&s because there wi&& be vio&ent protests2 so bus trave& is subsidised too. "n the past2 price contro&

on a variety of items2 from stee& to cement2 meant that industria& consumers of these items %ot them at &ess thancost whi&e the &osses of the pub&ic sector companies that produced them were borne by the ta4payerG Kne study2done a few years a%o2 came to the conc&usion that subsidies in the "ndian economy tota& as much as 1(.3? of %ross domestic product. At today’s &eve&2 that wou&d wor out to about Rs. 13)2))) crore.

And who pays the bi&&< The theory -- and the po&itica& fiction on the basis of which it is so&d to unsuspectin%

voters -- is that subsidies %o to the poor2 and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies %o to theQrich 'defined in the "ndian conte4t as those who are above the poverty &ine+2 and much of the tab %oesindirect&y to the poor. ecause the hefty subsidy bi&& resu&ts in fisca& deficits2 which in turn push up rates of inf&ation -- which2 as everyone nows2 hits the poor the hardest of a&&. "ndeed2 that is why ta4men ca&& inf&ation

the most re%ressive form of ta4ation.

The entire subsidy system is bui&t on the thesis that peop&e cannot he&p themse&ves2 therefore %overnments mustdo so. That peop&e cannot afford to pay for a variety of %oods and services2 and therefore the %overnment muststep in. This thesis has been app&ied not Bust in the poor countries but in the rich ones as we&&F hence the birth of the we&fare state in the ;est2 and an a&most Ltopian socia& security system: free medica& care2 food aid2 o&d a%esecurity2 et a&. ut with the passa%e of time2 most of the wea&thy nations have discovered that their economiescannot sustain this socia& safety net2 that it in fact reduces the desire amon% peop&e to pay their own way2 and

taes away some of the incentive to wor. "n short2 the bi&& was unaffordab&e2 and their societies were simp&y notwi&&in% to pay. To the re%ret of many2 but because the &aws of economics are harsh2 most ;estern societies have been busy prunin% the we&fare bi&&.

"n "ndia2 the &essons of this e4perience -- over severa& decades2 and in many countries -- do not seem to have

been &earnt. Kr2 they are simp&y i%nored in the pursuit of immediate votes. 0eop&e who are promised cheap foodor c&othin% do not in most cases &oo beyond the %ift horses -- to the 8uestion of who pics up the tab. Theuproar over hi%her petro&2 diese& and cooin% %as prices i%nored this basic 8uestion: if the user of cooin% %asdoes not want to pay for its cost2 who shou&d pay< iese& in the country is subsidised2 and if the trucer or owner of a diese& %enerator does not want to pay for its fu&& cost2 who does he or she thin shou&d pay the ba&ance of the cost< "t is a simp&e 8uestion2 neverthe&ess it remains unased.

The %overnment has shown some coura%e in bitin% the bu&&et when it comes to the price of petro&eum products.ut it has been bitten by a much bi%%er subsidy bu%. "t wants to offer food at ha&f its cost to everyone be&ow the poverty &ine2 supposed&y estimated at some 7) mi&&ion peop&e. ;hat wi&& this cost< And2 of course2 who wi&& pic up the tab< The Andhra 0radesh %overnment has been banrupted by se&&in% rice at Rs per %. !hou&d thecentra& %overnment be banrupted too before facin% up to the 8uestion of what is affordab&e and what is not<A&ready2 "ndia is perennia&&y short of power because the subsidy on e&ectricity has banrupted most e&ectricity

boards2 and made private investment wary un&ess it %ets a&& manner of state %uarantees. e&hi’s subsidised busfares have banrupted the e&hi Transport Corp2 whose buses have s&ow&y disappeared from the capita&’s streets."t is easy to be soft and sentimenta&2 by &ooin% at pro%rammes that wi&& be popu&ar. After a&&2 who doesn’t &ie afree &unch< ut the evidence is sure&y mountin% that the &unch isn’t free at a&&. !omebody is payin% the bi&&. Andif you want to now who2 tae a &oo at the country’s poor economic performance over the years.

33. "f can be inferred from the passa%e that the author:=1> be&ieves that peop&e can he&p themse&ves and do not need the %overnment.=> be&ieves that the theory of he&pin% peop&e with subsidy is destructive.=> be&ieves in democracy and free speech.=(> is not a successfu& po&itician.




14/28


3D. The statement that subsidies are paid for by the rich and %o to the poor is:=1> fiction => fact=> fact2 accordin% to the author =(> fiction2 accordin% to the author

36. ;hich of the fo&&owin% is not true2 in the conte4t of the passa%e<=1> ;here subsidies are concerned2 the poor u&timate&y pay the tab.

=> "nf&ation is caused by too much subsidies.=> $4perts ca&& subsidies the most re%ressive form of ta4ation.=(> The dan%erous reduction in fisca& deficits is another resu&t of hi%h subsidies.

37. ;hy does the author ca&&s the ;estern socia& security system Ltopian<=1> The countries’ be&ief in the efficacy of the system was bound to turn out to be fa&se.=> The system fo&&owed by these countries is the best avai&ab&e in the present conte4t.=> $very thin% under this system was supposed to be free but peop&e were char%in% money for them.=(> The theory or system fo&&owed by these countries was devised by r Ltopia.

39. A suitab&e tit&e to the passa%e wou&d be:=1> There’s no such thin% as a free &unch. => The "ndian $conomic overview.

=> The %overnment and its fo&&ies. =(> "t taes two to tan%o.

D). ;hich of the fo&&owin% is not a victim of e4treme subsidies<=1> The poor => The e&hi Transport Corporation=> The Andhra 0radesh %overnment =(> A&& of the above.

PSS3+ – I4

The membrane-bound nuc&eus is the most prominent feature of the euaryotic ce&&. !ch&eiden and !chwann2when settin% forth the ce&& doctrine in the 17)’s2 considered that it had a centra& ro&e in %rowth anddeve&opment. Their be&ief has been fu&&y supported even thou%h they had on&y va%ue notions as to what that ro&emi%ht be2 and how the ro&e was to be e4pressed in some ce&&u&ar action. The membrane&ess nuc&ear area of the

proaryotic ce&&2 with its tan%&e of fine threads2 is now nown to p&ay a simi&ar ro&e.

!ome ce&&s2 &ie the sieve tubes of vascu&ar p&ants and the red b&ood ce&&s of mamma&s2 do not possess nuc&eidurin% the %reater part of their e4istence2 a&thou%h they had nuc&ei when in a &ess differentiated state. !uch ce&&scan no &on%er divide and their &ife span is &imited. Kther ce&&s are re%u&ar&y mu&tinuc&eate. !ome2 &ie the ce&&s of striated musc&es or the &ate4 vesse&s of hi%her p&ants2 become so throu%h ce&& fusion. !ome2 &ie the unice&&u&ar proto5oan 0aramecium2 are norma&&y binuc&eate2 one of the nuc&ei servin% as a source of hereditary information

for the ne4t %eneration2 the other %overnin% the day-to-day metabo&ic activities of the ce&&. !ti&& other or%anisms2such as some fun%i2 are mu&tinuc&eate because cross wa&&s2 dividin% the myce&ium into specific ce&&s2 are absentor irre%u&ar&y present. The uninuc&eate situation2 however2 is typica& for the vast maBority of ce&&s2 and it wou&dappear that this is the most efficient and most economica& manner of partitionin% &ivin% substance intomana%eab&e units. This point of view is %iven credence not on&y by the preva&ence of uninuc&eate ce&&s2 but because for each ind of ce&& there is a ratio maintained between the vo&ume of the nuc&eus and that of the

cytop&asm. "f we thin of the nuc&eus as the contro& centre of the ce&&2 this wou&d su%%est that for a %iven ind of ce&& performin% a %iven ind of wor2 one nuc&eus can Qtae care of a specific vo&ume of cytop&asm and eep itin functionin% order. "n terms of materia&s and ener%y2 this must mean providin% the ind of information neededto eep f&ow of materia&s and ener%y movin% at the correct rate and in the proper channe&s. ;ith the mu&titude of en5ymes in the ce&&2 materia&s and ener%y can of course be channe&&ed in a mu&titude of waysF it is the functionof some informationa& mo&ecu&es to mae channe&s of use more preferred than others at any %iven time. Eow

this re%u&atory contro& is e4ercised is not entire&y c&ear.

The nuc&eus is %enera&&y a rounded body. "n p&ant ce&&s2 however2 where the centre of the ce&& is often occupied by a &ar%e vacuo&e2 the nuc&eus may be pushed a%ainst the ce&& wa&&2 causin% it to assume a &ens shape. "n somewhite b&ood ce&&s2 such as po&ymorphonuc&eated &euocytes2 and in ce&&s of the spinnin% %&and of some insectsand spiders2 the nuc&eus is very much &obed. The reason for this is not c&ear2 but it may re&ate to the fact that for

a %iven vo&ume of nuc&eus2 a &obate form provides a much %reater surface area nuc&ear-cytop&asmic e4chan%es2




15/28


possib&y affectin% both the rate and the amount of metabo&ic reactions. The nuc&eus2 whatever its shape2 isse%re%ated from the cytop&asm by a doub&e membrane2 the nuc&ear enve&ope2 with the two membranes separatedfrom each other by a perinuc&ear space of varyin% width. The enve&ope is absent on&y durin% the time of ce&&

division2 and then Bust for a brief period. The outer membrane is often continuous with the membranes of theendop&asmic reticu&um2 a possib&e retention of an ear&ier re&ationship2 since the enve&ope2 at &east in part2 isformed at the end of ce&& division by coa&escin% fra%ments of the endop&asmic reticu&um. The cytop&asm side of

the nuc&eus is fre8uent&y coated with ribosomes2 another fact that stresses the simi&arity and re&ation of thenuc&ear enve&ope to the endop&asmic reticu&um. The inner membrane seems to possess a crysta&&ine &ayer whereit abuts the nuc&eop&asm2 but its function remains to be determined.

$verythin% that passes between the cytop&asm and the nuc&eus in the euaryotic ce&& must transverse the nuc&ear enve&ope. This inc&udes some fair&y &ar%e mo&ecu&es as we&& as bodies such as ribosomes2 which measure about3 mm in diameter. !ome passa%eway is2 therefore2 obvious&y necessary since there is no indication of disso&ution of the nuc&ear enve&ope in order to mae such movement possib&e. The nuc&ear pores appear to bereasonab&e candidates for such passa%eways. "n p&ant ce&&s these are irre%u&ar&y and rather sparse&y distributed

over the surface of the nuc&eus2 but in the amphibian oocyte2 for e4amp&e2 the pores are numerous2 re%u&ar&yarran%ed2 and octa%ona& and are formed by the fusion of the outer and inner membrane.

D1. Accordin% to the first para%raph2 the contention of !ch&eiden and !chwann that the nuc&eus is the most

important part of the ce&& has:=1> been proved to be true.

=> has been true so far but fa&se in the case of the proaryotic ce&&=> is on&y partia&&y true.=(> has been proved to be comp&ete&y fa&se.

D. ;hat is definite&y a function of the nuc&ei of the norma&&y binuc&eate ce&&<=1> To arran%e for the %rowth and nourishment if the ce&&.

=> To ho&d hereditary information for the ne4t %eneration.=> To mae up the basic physica& structure of the or%anism.=(> To fi%ht the various forei%n diseases attacin% the body.

D. "t may be inferred from the passa%e that the vast maBority of ce&&s are:

=1> Mu&tinuc&eate => inuc&eate => Lninuc&eate =(> Anuc&eate.

D(. ;hy2 accordin% to the passa%e2 are some fun%i mu&tinuc&eate<=1> ecause they need more food to survive.=> ecause they fre8uent&y &ac wa&&s dividin% the myce&ium.=> ecause the myce&ium is area-wise much bi%%er that other ce&&s.=(> Cannot be determined from the passa%e.

D3. ;hy2 accordin% to the passa%e2 is the po&ymorphonuc&eated &euocyte probab&y &obed<=1> ecause it is 8uite convo&uted in its functions.=> ecause it is a red b&ood ce&& which is the most important ce&& in the body.=> ecause it provides a %reater area for metabo&ic reaction.=(> ecause it provides %reater stren%th to the spider web due to %reater area.

DD. The function of the crysta&&ine &ayer of the inner membrane of the nuc&eus is:=1> %eneration of nourishment of the ce&&.=> ho&din% to%ether the disparate structure of the endop&asmic reticu&um.=> he&pin% in transversa& of the nuc&ear enve&ope.=(> cannot be determined from the passa%e.




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PSS3+ – 4

The second p&an to have to e4amine is that of %ivin% to each person what she deserves. Many peop&e2 especia&&ythose who are comfortab&y off2 thin that this is what happens at present: that the industrious and sober andthrifty are never in want2 and that poverty is due to id&eness2 improvidence2 drin2 bettin%2 dishonesty2 and bad

character %enera&&y. They can point to the fact that a &abourer whose character is bad finds it more difficu&t to %etemp&oyment than one whose character is %oodF that a farmer or country %ent&emen who %amb&es and betsheavi&y2 and mort%a%es his &and to &ive wastefu&&y and e4trava%ant&yF is soon reduced to povertyF and that a man

of business who is &a5y and does not attend to it becomes banrupt. ut this proves nothin% that you cannot eatyour cae and have it too: it does not prove that your share of the cae was a fair one. "t shows that certain vicesand weanesses mae us poorF but it for%ets that certain other vices mae us rich. 0eop&e who are hard2%raspin%2 se&fish2 crue&2 and a&ways ready to tae advanta%e of their nei%hbours2 become very rich if they arec&ever enou%h not to overreach themse&ves. Kn the other hand2 peop&e who are %enerous2 pub&ic-spirited2friend&y2 and not a&ways thinin% of the main chance2 stay poor when they are born poor un&ess they have

e4traordinary ta&ents. A&so as thin%s are today2 some are born poor and others are born with si&ver spoons in their mouths: that is to say2 they are divided into rich and poor before they are o&d enou%h to have any character at a&&.The notion that our present system distributes wea&th accordin% to merit2 even rou%h&y2 may be dismissed atonce as ridicu&ous. $veryone can see that it %enera&&y has the contrary effectF it maes a few id&e peop&e very

rich2 and a %reat many hardworin% peop&e very poor.

Kn this2 "nte&&i%ent Oady2 your first thou%ht may be that if wea&th is not distributed accordin% to merit2 it ou%ht to beF and that we shou&d at once set to wor to a&ter our &aws so that in future the %ood peop&e sha&& be rich in proportion to their %oodness and the bad peop&e poor in proportion to their badness. There are severa& obBectionsto thisF but the very first one sett&es the 8uestion for %ood. "t is2 that the proposa& is impossib&e. Eow are you%oin% to measure anyone’s merit in money< Choose any pair of human bein%s you &ie2 ma&e or fema&e2 and seewhether you can decide how much each of them shou&d have on her or his merits. "f you &ive in the country2 tae

the vi&&a%e b&acsmith and the vi&&a%e c&er%yman2 or the vi&&a%e washerwoman and the vi&&a%e schoo&mistress2 to be%in with. At present the c&er%yman often %ets &ess pay than the b&acsmith: it is on&y in some vi&&a%es that he%ets more. ut never mind what they %et at present: you are tryin% whether you can set up a new order of thin%sin which each wi&& %et what he deserves. ou need not fi4 a sum of money for them: a&& you have to do is tosett&e the proportion between them. "s the b&acsmith to have as much as the c&er%yman< Kr twice as much as

the c&er%yman< Kr ha&f as much as the c&er%yman< Kr how much more or &ess< "t is no use sayin% that one ou%htto have more the other &ess: you must be prepared to say e4act&y how much more or &ess in ca&cu&ab&e proportion.

;e&&2 thin it out. The c&er%yman has had a co&&e%e educationF but that is not any merit on his part: he owns it tohis fatherF so you cannot a&&ow him anythin% for that. ut throu%h it he is ab&e to read the @ew Testament inJreeF so that he can do somethin% the b&acsmith cannot do. Kn the other hand2 the b&acsmith can mae a

horse-shoe2 which the parson cannot. Eow many verses of the Jree Testament are worth one horse-shoe< ouhave on&y to as the si&&y 8uestion to see that nobody can answer it.

!ince measurin% their merits is no use2 why not try to measure their fau&ts< !uppose the b&acsmith swears a %ooddea&2 and %ets drun occasiona&&yG $verybody in the vi&&a%e nows thisF but the parson has to eep his fau&ts tohimse&f. Eis wife nows themF but she wi&& not te&& you what they are if she nows that you intend to cut off some

of his pay for them. ou now that as he is on&y a morta& human bein% he must have some fau&tsF but you cannotfind them out. Eowever2 suppose he has some fau&ts that you can find outG !uppose he has what you ca&& anunfortunate mannerF that he is a hypocriteF that he is a snobF that he cares more for sport and fashionab&e societythan for re&i%ionG oes that mae him as bad as the b&acsmith2 or twice as bad2 or twice and a 8uarter as bad2 or on&y ha&f as bad< "n other words2 if the b&acsmith is to have a shi&&in%2 is the parson to have si4 pence2 or five pence and one-third2 or two shi&&in%s< C&ear&y these are foo&s’ 8uestions: the moment they brin% us down from

mora& %enera&ities to business particu&ars it becomes p&ain to every sensib&e person that no re&ation can beestab&ished between human 8ua&ities2 %ood or bad2 and sums of money2 &ar%e or sma&&. "t may seem scanda&ous thata pri5e-fi%hter so hard at ;emb&ey that he fe&& down and cou&d not rise within ten seconds2 received the same sumthat was paid to the Archbishop of Canterbury for actin% as 0rimate of the Church of $n%&and for nine monthsF butnone of these who cry out a%ainst the scanda& can e4press any better in money the difference between the two. @otone of the persons who thin that the pri5e-fi%hter shou&d %et &ess than the archbishop can say how much &ess.

;hat the pri5e-fi%hter %ot for his si4 or seven minutes’ bo4in% wou&d pay a Bud%e’s sa&ary for two yearsF and we




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are a&& a%reed that nothin% cou&d be more ridicu&ous2 and that any system of distributin% wea&th which &eads to suchabsurdities must be wron%. ut to suppose that it cou&d be chan%ed by any possib&e ca&cu&ation that an ounce of archbishop or three ounces of Bud%e is worth a pound of pri5e-fi%hter wou&d be si&&ier sti&&. ou can find out how

many cand&es are worth a pound of butter in the maret on any particu&ar dayF but when you try to estimate theworth of human sou&s2 the utmost you can say is that they are a&& of e8ua& va&ue before the throne of Jod. And thatwi&& not he&p you in the &east to sett&e how much money they shou&d have. ou must simp&y %ive it up2 and admit

that distributin% money accordin% to merit is beyond morta& measurement and Bud%ement.

D6. ;hich of the fo&&owin% is not a vice attributed to the poor by the rich<=1> "d&eness => ru% addiction => Jamb&in% =(> A&coho&ism

D7. Accordin% to the passa%e2 which ind of peop&e are not mentioned as &ie&y to %et rich 8uic&y<=1> !e&fish peop&e => Jraspin% peop&e=> Eard worin% peop&e =(> Ambitious peop&e

D9. ;hat2 accordin% to the author2 do the %enerous and pub&ic-spirited peop&e need to become rich<=1> A crimina& mind => To be born with si&ver spoons

=> $4traordinary ta&ents =(> !tren%th of character

6). ;hich of the fo&&owin% about the author’s thinin% may be inferred from the passa%e<

=1> The poor shou&d wor harder to become rich.=> The present system of distribution of wea&th is based in favour of the rich.=> The honest men shou&d resort to tricery if they want to become rich.=(> The present system of %overnment shou&d %ive way to a more pro%ressive one.

61. ;hat2 accordin% to the author2 is the main prob&em in distributin% wea&th accordin% to the %oodness or badness of human bein%s<=1> ecause the bad peop&e wi&& as a&ways2 cheat the %ood peop&e of their fair share of the money.

=> ecause there are too many peop&e in the wor&d and it wi&& tae a &on% time to cate%orise them into%ood or bad.=> ecause there are no standards by which to Bud%e %ood or bad in re&ation to money.=(> @one of these

6. This passa%e is most probab&y a part of:=1> A newspaper artic&e. => An anthropo&o%ica& document.=> A &etter to someone. =(> An ecc&esiastica& &itur%y.

6. The author %ives the e4amp&e of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the pri5e-fi%hter to:=1> prove that there cannot be any division of wea&th based on mora& standards.

=> prove that in this day and a%e2 mi%ht a&ways scores over re&i%ion and &ove.=> prove the e4istence of a non-discriminatin% Jod.=(> prove that a pound of butter in worth more than any amount of cand&es any day.

6(. The word Himprovidence2’ in the conte4t of the passa%e2 means:=1> e4trava%ance => &asciviousness => corruption =(> inde&icacy

PSS3+ – 4I

This is an issue-&ess e&ection. There is no centra& persona&ity of whom voters have to e4press approva& or dis&ieFno centra& matter of concern that maes this a one-issue referendum &ie so many e&ections in the pastF no centra& party around which everythin% e&se revo&ves -- the Con%ress has been disp&aced from its customary po&e position2 and no one e&se has been ab&e to tae its p&ace. "ndeed2 %iven that a&&-seein% video cameras of the$&ection Commission2 and the detai&ed pictures they are puttin% to%ether on campai%n e4penditure2 there isn’t

even much e&ectioneerin%: no s&o%ans on the wa&&s2 no &oudspeaers b&arin% forth at a&& hours of the day andni%ht2 no cava&cades of cars hera&din% the arriva& of a candidate at the &oca& ba5aar. Ior%et it bein% an issue-&esse&ection: is this an e&ection at a&&<

0erhaps the Qfun of an e&ection &ies in its featurin% someone who you can &ove or hate. ut even the %enera&

e&ection2 invo&vin% near&y D)) mi&&ion voters2 has been reduced to a borin% non-event. After a&&2 the @ehru-Jandhi c&an has disappeared from the po&itica& map2 and the maBority of voters wi&& not even be ab&e to name 0,




18/28


@arasimha Rao as "ndia’s 0rime Minister. There cou&d be as many as a do5en prime ministeria& candidatesran%in% from yoti asu to Ramarishna Ee%de2 and from Chandra !hear to 'be&ieve it or not+ SR @arayanan.The so&e persona&ity who stands out2 therefore2 is none of the p&ayers2 but the umpire: T.@. !eshan.

As for the parties2 they are &ie the b&ind men of Eindoostan2 tryin% in vain to %au%e the contours of the anima&they have to confront. ut it doesn’t &oo as if it wi&& be the mandir masBid2 nor wi&& it be Eindutva2 or economic

nationa&ism. The Con%ress wou&d &ie it to be stabi&ity2 but what does that mean for the maBority< $conomicreform is a non-issue for most peop&e and with inf&ation down to bare&y (?2 prices are not top of the mindeither. "n a stran%e twist2 after the hawa&a scanda&2 corruption has been pushed off the map too.

ut ponder for a moment. "sn’t this state of affairs astonishin% %iven the conte4t< Consider that so many ministershave had to resi%n over the hawa&a issueF that a %overnor who was a cabinet minister has a&so had to 8uit in thewae of Budicia& disp&easureF that the prime minister himse&f is under investi%ation for his invo&vement in not onescanda& but twoF that the main prime ministeria& candidate from the opposition has had to how out because he toohas been char%ed in the hawa&a caseF and that the head of the Qthird force has his own &itt&e 'or not so &itt&e+ fodder scanda& to face. ;hy then is corruption not an issue -- not as a matter of competitive po&itics2 but as an issue on

which the contenders for power fee& they have to offer the prospect of %enuine chan%e< "f a&& this does not mae the parties 'a&most a&& of whom have broen the &aw in not submittin% their audited accounts every year to the incometa4 authorities+ rea&ise that the country both needs -- and is ready for -- chan%e in fundamenta& ways2 what wi&&<Thin a&so2 for a moment2 of the chan%e in the functionin% and attitude of the !upreme CourtF the assertiveness of the $&ection Commission2 %ivin% new &ife to a mode& code of conduct that has been i%nored for a 8uarter centuryFthe independence that has been thrust upon the Centra& ureau of "nvesti%ationF and the fresh 5ea& on the part of ta4

co&&ectors out to nab corporate no-%ooders. Thin a&so that at no other point since the $mer%ency of 1963-66 haveso many peop&e in power been hounded by the system for their misdeeds.

"n this Bust a case of a few individua&s outside the po&itica& system doin% their Bob2 or is the country headin% for afew era< The seventies saw the co&&apse of the nationa& consensus that mared the @ehruvian era2 and ideo&o%ytoo over in the "ndira Jandhi years. RaBiv Jandhi and his technocratic friends too buried that. And now2 wehave these issue-&ess e&ections. Kne possibi&ity is that the country is headin% for a period of constitution&ism2 asthe other arms of the state rec&aim some of the powers they &ost2 or yie&ded2 to the po&itica& estab&ishment.$conomic reform freed one part of "ndian society from the c&utches of the po&itica& c&ass. @ow2 this cou&d spread

to other parts of the system. A%ainst such a dramatic bacdrop2 it shou&d be obvious that peop&e 'voters+ are&ooin% for accountabi&ity2 for ways in which to mae a corrupted system wor a%ain. And the astonishin% thin%

is that no party has sou%ht to ride this particu&ar waveF instead2 a&& are on the defensive2 desperate&y evadin% therea& issues. @o wonder this is an Qissue-&ess e&ection.

63. A suitab&e tit&e to the passa%e wou&d be:=1> $&ections: A overwiew => The country’s issue-&ess e&ections.=> T.@. !eshan - the rea& hero. =(> Oove or hate them2 but vote for them.

6D. ;hich of the fo&&owin% are not under scrutiny for a&&e%ed corruption2 accordin% to the passa%e<=1> The opposition prime ministeria& candidate. => 0.,. @arasimha Rao.=> The &eader of the Hthird force’. =(> Ramarishna Ee%de.

66. ;hy does the author say that the so&e persona&ity who stands out in the e&ections is T. @. !eshan<=1> ecause a&& the other candidates are very borin%.=> ecause a&& the other candidates do not have his charisma.

=> ecause the shadow of his strictures are &oomin% &ar%e over the e&ections.=(> @one of the above.

67. Accordin% to the passa%e2 which of the fo&&owin% is not mentioned as even havin% the potentia& to be anissue in the e&ections<

=1> The mandir/masBid issue. => The empowerment of women=> $conomic @ationa&ism =(> Eindutva

69. ;hy does the author say that a&most a&& parties have broen the &aw<=1> ecause they a&& indu&%e in corrupt e&ectora& practices.=> ecause they a&& have more income than recorded sources.=> ecause they are a&& indicted on various char%es.=(> ecause they have fai&ed to submit audited accounts to ta4 authorities.




19/28


7). ;hich of the fo&&owin% has not been responsib&e for the winds of chan%e b&owin% throu%h the country2accordin% to the passa%e<

=1> Jreater awareness of the part of the %enera& pub&ic=> $nforcement of a mode& code of conduct by the $&ection Commission=> Jreater independence to the Centra& ureau of "nvesti%ation.

=(> Iresh 5ea& on the part of ta4 co&&ectors.

S+CTION – III


/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 1$ to 5'- The fo&&owin% 8uestions are independent of each other:

71. Irom a circu&ar sheet of paper with a radius of ) cm2 four circ&es of radius 3cm each are cut out. ;hat

is the ratio of the uncut to the cut portion<=1> 1 : => ( : 1 => : 1 =(> ( :

7. Two &i8uids A and are in the ratio 3 : 1 in container 1 and in container 2 they are in the ratio 1 : . "n

what ratio shou&d the contents of the two containers be mi4ed so as to obtain a mi4ture of A and inthe ratio 1 : 1<

=1> : => ( : => : =(> : (

7. Kut of two-thirds of the tota& number of baset-ba&& matches2 a team has won 16 matches and &ost of them. ;hat is the ma4imum number of matches that the team can &ose and sti&& win three-fourths of thetota& number of matches2 if it is true that no match can end in a tie<=1> ( => D => 3 =(>

7(. A c&osed wooden bo4 of thicness ).3 cm and &en%th 1 cm2 width 11 cm2 and hei%ht D cm2 is paintedon the inside. The cost of paintin% is Rs 6). ;hat is the rate of paintin% in rupees per s8. cm<=1> ).6 => ).3 => ).1 =(> ).

73. "f a number 66(937A9D is to be divisib&e by 7 and 92 the va&ues of A and 2 respective&y2 wi&& be:=1> 627 => 72) => 327 =(> @one of these

7D. Knce " had been to the post-office to buy stamps of five rupees2 two rupees and one rupee. " paid thec&er Rs )2 and since he did not have chan%e2 he %ave me three more stamps of one rupee. "f thenumber of stamps of each type that " had ordered initia&&y was more than one2 what was the tota&number of stamps that " bou%ht<

=1> 1) => 9 => 1 =(> 7

76. Jiven the 8uadratic e8uation 4 - 'A - + 4 - 'A - + )2 for what va&ue of A wi&& the sum of the s8uaresof the roots be 5ero<=1> - => => D =(> @one of these

77. " so&d two watches for Rs. )) each2 one at a &oss of 1)? and the other at a profit of 1)?. ;hat is the percent &oss '- + or the percent profit 'U+ that resu&ted from the transaction<=1> 'U+ 1) => '-+ 1 => 'U+ 1 =(> )

79. The price of a Maruti car rises by )? whi&e the sa&es of the car came down by )?. ;hat is the percent chan%e in the tota& revenue<

=1> - ( => - => U ( =(> )




20/28


9). "n trian%&e AC2 an%&e is a ri%ht an%&e. "f AC is D cm2 and is the mid-point of side AC2 the &en%thof is: A

C

=1> ( cm => √D cm => cm =(> .3 cm

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 5$ and 52- Answer the 8uestions based on the fo&&owin% information:-A2 !2 M and are functions of 4 and y2 and they are defined as fo&&ows:

A'42 y+ 4 U y!'42 y+ 4 - y

M'42 y+ 4y

'42 y+ 4/y2 where y ≠ ).

91. ;hat is the va&ue of M'M'A'M'42 y+2 !'y24++2 4+2 A'y2 4++ for 4 2 y

=1> 3) => 1() => 3 =(> 6)

9. ;hat is the va&ue of !'M''A'a2 b+2 +2 'A'a2 b+2++2 M''!'a2 b+2 +2 '!'a2 b+2+++=1> aV U bV => ab => aV - bV =(> a/b

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 50 to 5(- The fo&&owin% 8uestions are independent of each other:

9. "n the fi%ure HK’ is the center of the circ&e and 0T is the tan%ent to the circ&e at T. "f 0C ( cm and 0T 7 cm2 find the radius of the circ&e.

T

K C 0

=1> 3.3 cm => D.3 cm => D cm =(> 6 cm

9(. ;hich of the fo&&owin% va&ue of 4 do not satisfy the ine8ua&ity '4V - 4 U W )+ at a&&<

=1> 1 ≤ × ≤ => - 1 ≥ 4 ≥ - => ) ≤ 4 ≤ =(> ) ≥ 4 ≥ -

93. A man trave&s three-fifths of distance A at a speed of a2 and the remainin% at a speed of b. "f he

%oes from to A and bac at a speed of 3c in the same time2 then:=1> 1/a U 1/b 1/c => a U b c => 1/a U 1/b /c =(> @one of these

/IR+CTIONS for ,uestions 5# and 56- Answer the 8uestions based on the fo&&owin% data:A sa&esman enters the 8uantity so&d and the price into the computer. oth the numbers are two-di%it numbers.Knce2 by mistae2 both the numbers were entered with their di%its interchan%ed. The tota& sa&es va&ue remained

the same2 i.e. Rs. 11(72 but the inventory reduced by 3(.

9D. ;hat is the actua& price per piece<=1> 7 => (1 => 3D =(> 7

96. ;hat is the actua& 8uantity so&

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