Cases-Writ of Amparo

8/9/2019 Cases-Writ of Amparo

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Castillo vs. Cruz, 605 SCRA 628 , November 25, 2009

Case Title : P/SUPT. FELIXBERTO CASTILLO, POLICE OFFICERS ROMEOBAGTAS, RUPERTO BORLONGAN, EDMUNDO DIONISIO, RONNIE MORALES,ARNOLD TRIA, and GILBERTO PUNZALAN, ENGR. RICASOL P. MILLAN, ENGR.REDENTOR S. DELA CRUZ, MR. ANASTACIO L. BORLONGAN, MR. ARTEMIO

ESGUERRA, “TISOY,” and JON DOES, !"#$#$%n"&', ('. DR. AMANDA T. CRUZ,NIXON T. CRUZ, and FERDINAND T. CRUZ, &"'!%nd"n#'.Case Nature :PETITION $n #)" S*!&"+" C%*&# %& I''*an-" % &$#' % A+!a&% and a"a'Da#a.Syllabi Class : &$# % A+!a&%0&$# % a"a' Da#aSyllabi :

1. Writ of Amparo ; Writ of Habeas Data ; The coverage of the writs is

limited to the protection of rights to life, liberty and security ; The

writs cover not only actual but also threats of unlawful acts or omissions.+2. Same ; Same ; Validity of the arrest or the proceedings conducted

thereafter is a defense that may be set up by respondents during trial andnot before a petition for writs of amparo and habeas data.-—At all events, respondents filing of the petitions for writs of amparo and

habeas data should have been barred, for criminal proceedings against them

had commenced after they were arrested in flagrante delicto and proceeded

against in accordance with !ection ", #ule $$% of the #ules of &ourt. Validity

of the arrest or the proceedings conducted thereafter is a defense that may

be set up by respondents during trial and not before a petition for writs of

amparo and habeas data. The reliefs afforded by the writs may, however, be

made available to the aggrieved party by motion in the criminal

proceedings.3. Same ; Same ; 'etitions for writs of amparo and habeas data are

e(traordinary remedies which cannot be used as tools to stall the e(ecution

of a final and e(ecutory decision in a property dispute.+. Same ; Same ; Absent any evidence or even an allegation in the petition

that there is undue and continuing restraint on their liberty and)or that there

e(ists threat or intimidation that destroys the efficacy of their right to be

secure in their persons, the issuance of the writ cannot be *ustified.+5. Same ; Same ; To be covered by the privilege of the writs, respondent

must meet the threshold reuirement that their right to life, liberty and

security is violated or threatened with an unlawful act or omission.-—To thus be covered by the privilege of the writs, respondents must meet

the threshold reuirement that their right to life, liberty and security is

violated or threatened with an unlawful act or omission. vidently, the

present controversy arose out of a property dispute between the 'rovincial

overnment and respondents. Absent any considerable ne(us between the

acts complained of and its effect on respondents right to life, liberty and

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/Writ%20of%20Amparo/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Writ%20of%20Habeas%20Data/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20The%20coverage%20of%20the%20writs%20is%20limited%20to%20the%20protection%20of%20rights%20to%20life,%20liberty%20and%20security/


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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/Same/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Same/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Writ%20of%20Habeas%20Data/



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security, the &ourt will not delve on the propriety of petitioners entry into

the property.



EN BANC

P/SUPT. FELIXBERTOCASTILLO, POLICE OFFICERSROMEO BAGTAS, RUPERTOBORLONGAN, EDMUNDODIONISIO, RONNIE MORALES,ARNOLD TRIA, and GILBERTOPUNZALAN, ENGR. RICASOL P.MILLAN, ENGR. REDENTOR S.DELA CRUZ, MR. ANASTACIOL. BORLONGAN, MR. ARTEMIO

ESGUERRA, “TISOY,” and JOHNDOES,

Petitioners,

G.R. N. !"#!$%

P&'('n)*

PUNO, CJ,

CARPIO,

CORONA*

CARPIO MORALES,

CHICO-NAZARIO,

VELASCO, JR.,*

NACHURA,LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,

BRION,

PERALTA,*

- versus -

BERSAMIN,

DEL CASTILLO,

ABAD,

VILLARAMA, JR., JJ .

DR. AMANDA T. CRUZ, NIXONT. CRUZ, and FERDINAND T.CRUZ,

Promu!"#e$%

Respondents. Novem&er '(, '))

+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

D E C I S I O N

CARPIO MORALES, J .

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http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/november2009/182165.htm#_ftn1






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$s"22e"r"6es, "$ #o #5e 2er6eve$ "6 o4 "v""&e "$ e44e6#ve reme$es #o"$$ress #5ese e#r"or$"r3 6o6ers. I# s #e$e$ #o "$$ress vo"#os o4 or

#5re"#s #o #5e r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 or se6ur#3, "s " e#r"or$"r3 "$ $e2e$e#

reme$3 &e3o$ #5ose "v""&e u$er #5e 2rev"! Rues, or "s " reme$3su22eme#" #o #5ese Rues. 2a) +) +( n), +( a 9&+) ) 0&)') n'&n( )2a)a&' 0-&'43 0&0'&)3 & <<'&+a4. N'+)2'& +( +) a 9&+) )2a) 9' (2a44 +((-' na<&02-( and -n'&)a+n :&-nd(. Coseue#3, #5e Rue o #5e r# o4 Am2"ro K e ;#5 #5e e#r"or$"r3 65"r"6#er o4 #5e ;r# "$ #5e re"so"&e

6er#"#3 #5"# #s ssu"6e $em"$s K reures #5"# ever3 2e##o 4or #5e ssu"6e

o4 #5e ;r# mus# &e su22or#e$ &3 >us#43! "e!"#os o4 4"6#, #o ;#%

T5e ;r# s5" ssue 4 #5e Cour# s 2rem"r3 s"#s4e$ ;#5 #5e 2rm" 4"6ees#e6e o4 #5e u#m"#e 4"6#s $e#erm"&e 4rom #5e su22or#! "44$"v#s #5"#

$e#" #5e 6r6ums#"6es o4 5o; "$ #o ;5"# e#e# " #5re"# #o or vo"#o o4 #5e

r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3 o4 #5e "!!reve$ 2"r#3 ;"s or s &e!6omm##e$./0?1 9Em25"ss "$ #"6s #5e or!", 6#"#o om##e$:

!ap"# "so "rose ou# o4 " 2ro2er#3 $s2u#e, "&e# &e#;ee 2rv"#e

$v$u"s, ;#5 #5e 2e##oers #5ere &r"$! "s F"6#s o4 #errorsmG #5e #5ere

res2o$e#s "e!e$ e#r3 #o #5e $s2u#e$ "$ ;#5 "rme$ me #o;. T5e Cour#

#5ere 5e$%

O #5e ;5oe, ;5"# s 6e"r 4rom #5ese s#"#eme#s K &o#5 s;or "$

us;or K s #5e overr$! voveme# o4 2ro2er#3 ssues "s #5e 2e##o #r"6es

#s roo#s #o ues#os o4 253s6" 2ossesso o4 #5e 2ro2er#3 $s2u#e$ &3 #5e

2rv"#e 2"r#es. I4 "# ", ssues re"#! #o #5e r!5# #o 4e or #o &er#3 6" 5"r$3 &e $s6ere$ e6e2# #o #5e e#e# #5"# #5e o66urre6e o4 2"s# voe6e 5"s &ee

"e!e$. T5e r!5# #o se6ur#3, o #5e o#5er 5"$, s "e!e$ o3 #o #5e e#e# o4 #5e

#re"#s "$ 5"r"ssme#s m2e$ 4rom #5e 2rese6e o4 F"rme$ me &"re #o #5e;"s#G "$ #5e "e!e$ 2o#! "$ 4r! o4 ;e"2os. N)a;43, nn' 1 )2'(-00&)+n: a11+da5+)( <0'44+n:43 (29 )2a) )2' )2&'a) ) )2' &+:2)( ) 4+1',4+;'&)3 and ('-&+)3 1 )2' 0')+)+n'&( +( +<<+n'n) & n)+n-+n:. /081 9Em25"ss

#5e or!" u$ers6or! su22e$:

I# &e"rs em25"ss #5"# res2o$e#s 2e##o $$ o# s5o; "3 "6#u"

vo"#o, mme# or 6o#u! #5re"# #o #5er 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3. B"re

"e!"#os #5"# 2e##oers F uso, 6os2r"63 "$ 6o#em2# o4 6our#, #5ere

"$ #5e ;4u3, 4or6&3 "$ 4eoous3 ;#5 #5e use o4 4or6e "$ #m$"#o







e#ere$ "$ 4or6&3, 253s6"3 m"5"$e$ #5e 2e##oers 9res2o$e#s: "$

"rres#e$ #5e 5ere 2e##oers 9res2o$e#s:G/01 ; o# su446e #o 2rove

e##eme# #o #5e reme$3 o4 #5e ;r# o4 amparo. No u$ue 6o4eme# or

$e#e#o ;"s 2rese#. I 4"6#, res2o$e#s ;ere eve "&e #o 2os# &" 4or #5e

o44eses " $"3 "4#er #5er "rres#./')1

A#5ou!5 res2o$e#s ree"se 4rom 6o4eme# $oes o# e6ess"r3 5$er

su226"#o 4or #5e ;r# o4 amparo, "&se# "3 ev$e6e or eve " "e!"#o

#5e 2e##o #5"# #5ere s u$ue "$ 6o#u! res#r"# o #5er &er#3, "$or #5"#

#5ere es#s #5re"# or #m$"#o #5"# $es#ro3s #5e e446"63 o4 #5er r!5# #o &e

se6ure #5er 2ersos, #5e ssu"6e o4 #5e ;r# 6"o# &e >us#4e$.

T5"# res2o$e#s "re mere3 see! #5e 2ro#e6#o o4 #5er 2ro2er#3 r!5#s s

!"#5ere$ 4rom #5er Jo# A44$"v#, vi# %

00. "m "3 5um"r"! "# 5um!" s" 5"r"2 ! m!" 5e"v3 eu2me# " 5";"

5";" "! "s"&! "u#us" ! RTC Br"65 0) 9PERMANENT INJUNCTION"# RTC ORDERS DATED =e&ru"r3 0', 0? "# 0 '))8: u2"! 2"!"&" "!

$!$"$ ! "u#us" ! or#e, 2"!"&" "! 2rs23o ! FSEL=-HELPG "#

&"#"s uo s" FPROPERT RI7HTSG, "" "m! "!";" 2"!#"!!o "!"m! "r"2"#" s" u2" " ( 3e"rs "m! FIN POSSESSION.G 9U$ers6or!

su22e$:

O$$3, res2o$e#s "so see #5e ssu"6e o4 " ;r# o4 habeas data ;5e # s

o# eve "e!e$ #5"# 2e##oers "re !"#5er!, 6oe6#! or s#or! $"#" or

4orm"#o re!"r$! #5er 2erso, 4"m3, 5ome "$ 6orres2o$e6e.

As 4or res2o$e#s "sser#o o4 2"s# 6$e#s/'01 ;5ere #5e Prov6e

"e!e$3 vo"#e$ #5e Perm"e# I>u6#o or$er, #5ese 6$e#s ;ere "re"$3

r"se$ #5e >u6#o 2ro6ee$!s o "66ou# o4 ;565 res2o$e#s 4e$ " 6"se4or 6rm" 6o#em2# "!"s# 2e##oers./''1

Be4ore #5e 4! o4 #5e 2e##o 4or ;r#s o4 amparo "$ habeas data, or o

=e&ru"r3 '', '))8, 2e##oers eve s##u#e$ " 2e##o 4or habeas corp"s ;565

;"s 6os$ere$ moo# "$ "6"$em6 &3 Br"65 0 o4 #5e M"oos RTC "$ ;"s

"66or$!3 $ee$ &3 Or$er o4 A2r 8, '))8.











More. Res2o$e# Am"$" "$ oe o4 5er sos, =r"6s6o Jr., e;se 4e$

" 2e##o 4or ;r#s o4 amparo "$ habeas data &e4ore #5e S"$!"&"3", #5e3

"e!! #5e 6ommsso o4 6o#u! #5re"#s &3 2e##oers "4#er #5e ssu"6e o4

#5e ;r#s &3 #5e RTC, ;565 2e##o ;"sd+(<+(('d 4or su446e63 "$ 4orums5o22!.

I# #5us "22e"rs #5"# res2o$e#s "re o# ;#5ou# re6ourse "$ 5"ve 4"6#

#"e 4u "$v"#"!e o4 #5e e!" s3s#em ;#5 #5e 4! o4 6v, 6rm" "$

"$ms#r"#ve 65"r!es./'@1

I# ee$ o# &e u$ere$ #5"# res2o$e#s 2e##os 4or ;r#s

o4 amparo "$ habeas data "re e#r"or$"r3 reme$es ;565 6"o# &e use$ "s

#oos #o s#" #5e ee6u#o o4 " 4" "$ ee6u#or3 $e6so " 2ro2er#3 $s2u#e.

AT ALL EVENTS, res2o$e#s 4! o4 #5e 2e##os 4or ;r#s

o4 amparo "$ habeas data s5ou$ 5"ve &ee &"rre$, 4or 6rm" 2ro6ee$!s

"!"s# #5em 5"$ 6omme6e$ "4#er #5e3 ;ere "rres#e$ fla%rante delicto "$

2ro6ee$e$ "!"s# "66or$"6e ;#5 Se6#o , Rue 00'/'1 o4 #5e Rues o4 Cour#.

V"$#3 o4 #5e "rres# or #5e 2ro6ee$!s 6o$u6#e$ #5ere"4#er s " $e4ese #5"# m"3

&e se# u2 &3 res2o$e#s $ur! #r" "$ o# &e4ore " 2e##o 4or ;r#s

o4 amparo "$ habeas data. T5e ree4s "44or$e$ &3 #5e ;r#s m"3, 5o;ever, &e

m"$e "v""&e #o #5e "!!reve$ 2"r#3 &3 mo#o #5e 6rm" 2ro6ee$!s./'(1

HEREFORE, #5e 2e##o s 7RANTED. T5e 65"e!e$ M"r65 , '))8

Or$er o4 Br"65 0) o4 #5e Re!o" Tr" Cour# o4 M"oos s DECLARED NULL

AND VOID, "$ #s M"r65 '8, '))8 De6so s RE=ERSED "$ SETASIDE. S2e6" Cv A6#o No. (@-M-'))8 s DISMISSED.

SO ORDERED.

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES Associate J"stice









E CONCUR%

REYNATO S. PUNO Chief J"stice

9ON O==ICIAL LEAVE:

ANTONIO T. CARPIO RENATO C. CORONA Associate J"stice Associate J"stice

9ON O==ICIAL LEAVE:

MINITA =. CHICO7NAZARIO PRESBITERO J. =ELASCO, JR. Associate J"stice Associate J"stice

ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA TERESITA J. LEONARDO7DE CASTRO Associate J"stice Associate J"stice

9ON O==ICIAL

LEAVE:

ARTURO D. BRION DIOSDADO M.PERALTA Associate J"stice Associate J"stice

LUCAS P. BERSAMIN MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO Associate J"stice Associate J"stice



ROBERTO A. ABAD MARTIN S. =ILLARAMA, JR. Associate J"stice Associate J"stice

CERTIFICATION

Pursu"# #o Se6#o 0@, Ar#6e VIII o4 #5e Cos##u#o, I 5ere&3 6er#43 #5"#

#5e 6o6usos #5e "&ove De6so 5"$ &ee re"65e$ 6osu#"#o &e4ore #5e6"se ;"s "ss!e$ #o #5e ;r#er o4 #5e o2o o4 #5e Cour#.

REYNATO S. PUNO Chief J"stice

* O O446" Le"ve./01

PSu2#. =e&er#o C"s#o 9C5e4 o4 Po6e:, SPO0 Romeo B"!#"s, SPO@ Ru2er#o Boro!", PO E$mu$oDoso, PO Roe Mor"es, PO Aro$ Tr" "$ PO 7&er#o Pu<"" 92o6e o446ers:, E!eer R6"soM" 9C5e4, C#3 E!eers O446e: E!eer Re$e#or S. $e" Cru< 9C#3 E!eers O446e:, A"s#"6o

Boro!" 9C#3 A$ms#r"#or:, Ar#emo Es!uerr" "$ Ro"$o FTso3G Cru<./'1 Pe##o 4or Aume# o4 Ju$!me# ;#5 2r"3er 4or r# o4 Prem"r3 I>u6#o &e4ore RTC-M"oos

Pe##o 4or Cer#or"r &e4ore #5e Cour# o4 A22e"s, ues#o! #5e $e" o4 S2ouses Cru<es mo#o 4or 5&#o "!"s# #5e Pres$! Ju$!e o4 Br"65 08, RTC-M"oos Com2"# 4or D"m"!es &e4ore RTC-

ue<o C#3, Cv C"se 4or I>u6#o &e4ore RTC-M"oos./@1 Crm" Com2"# "!"s# Pres$! Ju$!e o4 Br"65 08 RTC-M"oos, $smsse$ &3 Resou#o o4 M"3 @,

')) A$ms#r"#ve Com2"# $o6e#e$ "s A.M. No. CA-)-@8 "!"s# Cour# o4 A22e"s Jus#6e Por#" A.Horm"65ueos, RTC Ju$!es V6#or" C. =er"$e<-Ber"r$o, Re"#o C. =r"6s6o, M"ue DJ S"3!6o,

C"es"r A. C"s"ov" "$ MTC Ju$!e Es#er R. C5u"-u. T5e 6om2"# ;"s $smsse$ &3 Resou#o o4 M"r65

@0, ')). Cru< ;"s 4ou$ !u#3 o4 6o#em2# o4 6our# "$ 6oseue#3 4e$ #5e "mou# o4 P'),))).))./1 Rollo, 2. 0?0./(1 I$. "# 0(0-0(@./1 I$. "# 0?@, &Sama'Saman% Sin"mpaan% Salaysay.(/?1 I$. "# 0?8-08)./81 I$. "# 0'?-0'8./1 I$. "# 0@0./0)1 Se6. 0. Appeal . K A3 2"r#3 m"3 "22e" 4rom #5e 4" >u$!me# or or$er #o #5e Su2reme Cour# u$er Rue (.

T5e "22e" m"3 r"se ues#os o4 4"6#s or "; or &o#5. T5e 2ero$ o4 "22e" s5" &e 4ve 9(: ;or! $"3s 4rom

#5e $"#e o4 o#6e o4 #5e "$verse >u$!me#. T5e "22e" s5" &e !ve #5e s"me 2ror#3 "s habeas corp"s 6"ses./001 Too e44e6# o O6#o&er ', '))?.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/november2009/182165.htm#_ftnref1



























/0'1 Too e44e6# o =e&ru"r3 ', '))8./0@1 Ar#6e VIII, Se6#o ( 9(:./01 7.R. No. 08)), O6#o&er ?, '))8, (8 SCRA 0./0(1 I$. "# @8 K @./01 7.R. No. 08'8, Jue 0?, '))8, (( SCRA ?8./0?1 I$. "# ?8-?8(./081 I$. "# ?8./01 Rollo, 2. ./')1 I&$./'01 I$. "# (./''1 Do6e#e$ "s S2. Cv A6#o No. @)-M-')), $. "# )-00./'@1 )ide No#es ' "$ @./'1 5e " 2erso s ";4u3 "rres#e$ ;#5ou# " ;"rr"# vov! " o44ese, ;565 reures " 2rem"r3

ves#!"#o, #5e 6om2"# or 4orm"#o m"3 &e 4e$ &3 " 2rose6u#or ;#5ou# ee$ o4 su65 ves#!"#o

2rov$e$ " ues# 5"s &ee 6o$u6#e$ "66or$"6e ;#5 es#! Rues. I #5e "&se6e or u"v""&#3 o4

" ues# 2rose6u#or, #5e 6om2"# m"3 &e 4e$ &3 #5e o44e$e$ 2"r#3 or " 2e"6e o446er $re6#3 ;#5 #5e 2ro2er 6our# o #5e &"ss o4 #5e "44$"v# o4 #5e o44e$e$ 2"r#3 or "rres#! o446er or 2erso.

/'(1 Se6#o ''. *ffect of +ilin% of a Criminal Action. K 5e " 6rm" "6#o 5"s &ee 6omme6e$, o se2"r"#e

2e##o 4or #5e ;r# s5" &e 4e$. T5e ree4s u$er #5e ;r# s5" &e m"$e "v""&e &3 mo#o #5e 6rm"

6"se. 9T5e s"me se6#o s re2ro$u6e$ #5e Rues o #5e r# o4 Habeas Data, "so "# Se6#o '':.































ARMANDO Q. CANLAS, MIGUEL D. CAPISTRANO, MARRIETA PIA, petitioners, vs. NAPICOHOMEOWNERS ASS’N., I !III, INC., ET AL., respon"ents.Constit#tion$% L$&' Writ o( A)p$ro' Petitioners’ *%$i) to t+eir "&e%%in, $ss#)in t+e- sti%%+$ve $n- "espite t+e n$% $n" e/e*#tor- 0#")ent $"verse to t+e), "oes not *onstit#teri+t to %i(e, %i1ert- $n" se*#rit-' T+ere is, t+ere(ore, no %e$% 1$sis (or t+e iss#$n*e o( t+e&rit o( $)p$ro.2T+e t+re$tene" "e)o%ition o( $ "&e%%in 1- virt#e o( $ n$% 0#")ent o( t+e

*o#rt, &+i*+ in t+is *$se &$s $3r)e" &it+ n$%it- 1- t+is Co#rt in G.R. Nos. 455667,478597, 455584, 4558:7, is not in*%#"e" $)on t+e en#)er$tion o( ri+ts $s st$te" in t+e$1ove;#ote" Se*tion 4 (or &+i*+ t+e re)e"- o( $ &rit o( $)p$ro is )$"e $v$i%$1%e. T+eir*%$i) to t+eir "&e%%in, $ss#)in t+e- sti%% +$ve $n- "espite t+e n$% $n" e/e*#tor-

0#")ent $"verse to t+e), "oes not *onstit#te ri+t to %i(e, %i1ert- $n" se*#rit-. T+ere is,t+ere(ore, no %e$% 1$sis (or t+e iss#$n*e o( t+e &rit o( $)p$ro.S$)e' S$)e' No &rit o( $)p$ro )$- 1e iss#e" #n%ess t+ere is $ *%e$r $%%e$tion o( t+es#ppose" ($*t#$% $n" %e$% 1$sis o( t+e ri+t so#+t to 1e prote*te".2T+e ($*t#$% $n" %e$%1$sis (or petitioners’ *%$i) to t+e %$n" in ;#estion is not $%%ee" in t+e petition $t $%%. T+eCo#rt *$n on%- s#r)ise t+$t t+ese ri+ts $n" interest +$" $%re$"- 1een t+res+e" o#t $n"sett%e" in t+e (o#r *$ses *ite" $1ove. No &rit o( $)p$ro )$- 1e iss#e" #n%ess t+ere is $*%e$r $%%e$tion o( t+e s#ppose" ($*t#$% $n" %e$% 1$sis o( t+e ri+t so#+t to 1e prote*te".Un"er Se*tion 9 o( t+e s$)e r#%es, t+e *o#rt s+$%% iss#e t+e &rit #pon t+e %in o( t+epetition, on%- i( on its ($*e, t+e *o#rt o#+t to iss#e s$i" &rit. <C$n%$s vs. N$pi*oHo)eo&ners Ass=n., I!III, In*., >>6 SCRA ?87@?887B

ARMANDO Q. CANLAS, MIGUEL D. CAPISTRANO, MARRIETA PIA, petitioners,vs.NAPICO HOMEOWNERS ASS’N., I – XIII, INC., ET AL., respondents.

R E S O L U T I O N

REYES, R.T., J.:

THE present petition filed on May 26, 2008 seeks the issuance of a Writ of Amparo upon thefollowing preise!

"etitioners were deprived of their li#erty, freedo and$or rights to shelter enshrined ande#odied in our %onstitution, as the result of these nefarious activities of #oth the "rivateand "u#lic &espondents. This ardent re'uest filed #efore this Honora#le (upree %ourt isthe only solution to this pro#le via this newly advocated principles incorporated in the &ules

) the *&+E - THE /&T -1 M"&-.*3

t appears that petitioners are settlers in a certain parcel of land situated in 4arangay Manggahan,"asig %ity. Their dwellings$houses have either #een deolished as of the tie of filing of the petition,or is a#out to #e deolished pursuant to a court 5udgent.

/hile they attepted to focus on issuance of what they claied to #e fraudulent and spurious landtitles, to wit!

"etitioners herein are desirous to help the governent, the #est way they can, to unearththese socalled *syndi!"#s* clothed with governental functions, in cahoots with the*s$%!""in& syndi!"#s* the low so defines. f only to give its proper eanings, the7overnent ust #e the first one to cleans sic9 its ranks fro these unscrupulous political

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt1




prot:g:es. f una#ated would certainly ruin and$or destroy the efficacy of the Torrens (ysteof land registration in this %ountry. t is therefore the ardent initiatives of the herein"etitioners, #y way of the said prayer for the issuance of the Writ of Amparo, "'!" "'#s#%n()ini(*#d L!nd O++ii!*s # s%--n#d " !ns/#) "'#i) (!)"ii(!"in in "'#iss%!n#s + "'#s# +)!%d%*#n" !nd s(%)i%s "i"*#s, NOW,in "'# '!nds + "'# P)i0!"#R#s(nd#n"s. T'# C%)"s + 1%s"i#, in*%din& "'is Hn)!*# S%()#-# C%)", !)#

*i2#/is# #in& -!d# " #*i#0# "'!" s!id "i"*#s in "'# (ss#ssin + "'# P)i0!"#R#s(nd#n"s /#)# iss%#d %n"!in"#d /i"' +)!%ds.2

what the petition ultiately seeks is the reversal of this %ourt;s disissal of petitions in 7.&. os.3<<==8, 380<68, 3<<<03, 3<<0>8, thus!

That, "etitioners herein knew #efore hand that! there can #e no otion for reconsiderationfor the second or third tie to #e filed #efore this Honora#le (upree %ourt. s suchtherefore, "etitioners herein are aware of the opinion that this present petition should not inany way #e treated as such otions fore reconsideration. (olely, this petition is only for thepossi#le issuance of the writ of amparo, although it ight affect the previous rulings of thisHonora#le (upree %ourt in these cases, G.R. Ns. 344556, 367486, 344473 !nd 344796.

In'#)#n" in "'# (/#)s + "'# S%()#-# C%)" + "'# P'i*i((in#s is " -di+y, )#0#)s#!nd s#" !sid#, #0#n i"s /n ()#0i%s d#isin, "'!" !n n" # "'/!)"#d n) in+*%#n#dy !ny n#, %", n*y n "'# !sis + -#)i"s !nd #0id#n#. T'is is "'# (%)(s# + "'is(#"i"in +) "'# Writ of Amparo.>

/e disiss the petition.

The &ule on the Writ of Amparo provides!

(ection 3. Petition. ) The petition for a writ of amparo is a reedy availa#le to any personwhose )i&'" " *i+#, *i#)"y !nd s#%)i"y is violated or threatened with violation #y anunlawful act or oission of a pu#lic official or eployee, or of a private individual or entity.

The writ shall cover e?tralegal killings and enforced disappearances or threats thereof.Ephasis supplied.9

The threatened deolition of a dwelling #y virtue of a final 5udgent of the court, which in this casewas affired with finality #y this %ourt in 7.&. os. 3<<==8, 380<68, 3<<<03, 3<<0>8, is notincluded aong the enueration of rights as stated in the a#ove'uoted (ection 3 for which thereedy of a writ of amparo is ade availa#le. Their clai to their dwelling, assuing they still haveany despite the final and e?ecutory 5udgent adverse to the, does not constitute right to life, li#ertyand security. There is, therefore, no legal #asis for the issuance of the writ of amparo.

4esides, the factual and legal #asis for petitioners; clai to the land in 'uestion is not alleged in thepetition at all. The %ourt can only surise that these rights and interest had already #een threshed

out and settled in the four cases cited a#ove. o writ of amparo ay #e issued unless there is aclear allegation of the supposed factual and legal #asis of the right sought to #e protected.

+nder (ection 6 of the sae rules, the court shall issue the writ upon the filing of the petition, only ifon its face, the court ought to issue said writ.

(ection 6. Issuance of the Writ . ) +pon the filing of the petition, the court, 5ustice or 5udgeshall iediately order the issuance of the writ if on its face it ought to issue. The clerk of









court shall issue the writ under the seal of the court@ or in case of urgent necessity, the 5usticeor the 5udge ay issue the writ under his or her own hand, and ay deputiAe any officer orperson to serve it.

The writ shall also set the date and tie for suary hearing of the petition which shall not#e later than seven <9 days fro the date of its issuance.

%onsidering that there is no legal #asis for its issuance, as in this case, the writ will not #e issuedand the petition will #e disissed outright.

This new reedy of writ of amparo which is ade availa#le #y this %ourt is intended for theprotection of the highest possi#le rights of any person, which is his or her right to life, li#erty andsecurity. The %ourt will not spare any tie or effort on its part in order to give priority to petitions ofthis nature. However, the %ourt will also not waste its precious tie and effort on atters notcovered #y the writ.

WHEREORE, the petition is DISMISSED.

SO ORDERED.

Puno, C.J., Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio, Austria-Martine, Corona, Carpio-Mora!esB, Acuna, "inga, Chico-#aario, $e!asco, Jr. BB, #achuraBBB, %eonar&o-&e-Castro, 'rion,JJ., con

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt*

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt**


http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt***

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt*


http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jun2008/gr_182795_2008.html#fnt***



REEREND ATHER ROERT P. REFES, petitioner, vs. COURT OAPPEALS, SECRETARF RAUL M. GONALE, IN HIS CAPACITF AS THE SECRETARF O THE DEPARTMENT O USTICE, ANDCOMMISSIONER MARCELINO C. LIANAN, IN HIS CAPACITF AS THECOMMISSIONER O THE UREAU O IMMIGRATION, respon"ents.

Constit#tion$% L$&' Writs o( A)p$ro' Cover$e o( t+e Writ o( A)p$ro.2T+e Co#rt, in Se*ret$r- o( N$tion$% De(ense et $%. v.M$n$%o et $%., >97 SCRA 4 @?887, )$"e $ *$teori*$%prono#n*e)ent t+$t t+e A)p$ro R#%e in its present (or) is*onne" to t+ese t&o inst$n*es o( e/tr$%e$% Ji%%insK $n"en(or*e" "is$ppe$r$n*es,K or to t+re$ts t+ereo(.S$)e' S$)e' Restri*tion on ri+t to tr$ve% $s $ res#%t o( $pen"in *ri)in$% *$se is not #n%$&(#% $n" t+#s not $ v$%i" ro#n"to invoJe iss#$n*e o( Writ o( A)p$ro.2T+e restri*tion onpetitioner’s ri+t to tr$ve% $s $ *onse;#en*e o( t+e pen"en*- o( t+e *ri)in$% *$se %e" $$inst +i) &$s not #n%$&(#%. Petitioner

+$s $%so ($i%e" to est$1%is+ t+$t +is ri+t to tr$ve% &$s i)p$ire" int+e )$nner $n" to t+e e/tent t+$t it $)o#nte" to $ serio#svio%$tion o( +is ri+t to %i(e, %i1ert- $n" se*#rit-, (or &+i*+ t+eree/ists no re$"i%- $v$i%$1%e %e$% re*o#rse or re)e"-.S$)e' S$)e' Cri)in$% Pro*e"#re' #ris"i*tion' A")inistr$tiveL$&' Petition to %i(t $n Ho%" Dep$rt#re Or"er @HDO iss#e" 1- t+eSe*. o( #sti*e s+o#%" 1e %e" in t+e *o#rt &+ere *ri)in$% *$se$$inst petitioner is pen"in.2We ;#ote &it+ $pprov$% t+e CA’sr#%in on t+is )$tter T+e s$i" provision <Se*tion ??B is $n$3r)$tion 1- t+e S#pre)e Co#rt o( its prono#n*e)ent in Crespov. Mo#% t+$t on*e $ *o)p%$int or in(or)$tion is %e" in *o#rt,

$n- "isposition o( t+e *$se s#*+ $s its "is)iss$% or its*ontin#$tion rests on t+e so#n" "is*retion o( t+e *o#rt. Despitet+e "eni$% o( respon"ent’s MR o( t+e "is)iss$% o( t+e *$se$$inst petitioner, t+e tri$% *o#rt +$s not %ost *ontro% overCri)in$% C$se No. 85:4?9 &+i*+ is sti%% pen"in 1e(ore it. -virt#e o( its resi"#$% po&er, t+e *o#rt $ ;#o ret$ins t+e $#t+orit-to entert$in in*i"ents in t+e inst$nt *$se to t+e e/*%#sion o( event+is Co#rt. T+e re%ie( petitioner seeJs &+i*+ is t+e %i(tin o( t+eHDO &$s $n" is $v$i%$1%e 1- )otion in t+e *ri)in$% *$se. @Se*.??, R#%e on t+e Writ o( A)p$ro, s#pr$.S$)e' S$)e' S$)e' A1sen*e o( $*t#$% *ontrovers- ren"ers it

#nne*ess$r- (or S#pre)e Co#rt to p$ss #pon *onstit#tion$%it- o( Dep$rt)ent o( #sti*e @DO Cir*#%$r No. 4: @On Ho%" Dep$rt#reOr"ers.2Petitioner is seeJin t+e e/tr$or"in$r- &rit o( $)p$ro"#e to +is $ppre+ension t+$t t+e DO )$- "en- +is )otion to %i(tt+e HDO. Petitioner’s $ppre+ension is $t 1est )ere%- spe*#%$tive. T+#s, +e +$s ($i%e" to s+o& $n- *%e$r t+re$t to +is ri+t to %i1ert-$*tion$1%e t+ro#+ $ petition (or $ &rit o( $)p$ro. T+e $1sen*eo( $n $*t#$% *ontrovers- $%so ren"ers it #nne*ess$r- (or #s on



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I.

THE DOJ SECRETARS ARRO7ATION O= POER AND

USURPATION O= AUTHORIT TO ISSUE A HOLD DEPARTURE

ORDER CANNOT BE JUSTI=IED THROU7H A RATIONALE THAT

IT HAS SUPPOSEDL BEEN FRE7ULARL E+ERCISED IN THE

PASTG OR HAS FNEVER BEEN UESTIONED 9IN THE PAST:.

II.

THE DOJ HAS CLAIMED A POER TO ISSUE AN HDO

INDEPENDENT O= THAT O= THE RE7IONAL TRIAL COURTS,










HENCE, PETITIONER CANNOT MEREL REL ON THE

RESIDUAL POER O= THE RTC MAATI IN CRIMINAL CASE

NO. )?-@0' TO ASSAIL SUCH CLAIMED POER.

III.

THE UTMOST E+I7ENC O= THE PETITION IS

E+EMPLI=IED B THE CONTINUIN7

ACTUAL RESTRAINT ON PETITIONERS RI7HT TO TRAVEL

THROU7H THE MAINTENANCE O= HIS NAME IN THE HDO

LIST AND DOES NOT SIMPL HIN7E ON THE UESTION O=

HETHER OR NOT PETITIONER AS ABLE TO TRAVEL

DESPITE SUCH A RESTRAINT.

IV.

DOJ CIRCULAR 0? SERIES O= 08 PROVIDES NO

STATUTOR BASIS =OR THE DOJ SECRETARS CLAIMED

POER TO ISSUE AN HDO =OR IT IS NOT A STATUTE. THE

CIRCULAR ITSEL= APPEARS NOT TO BE BASED ON AN

STATUTE, HENCE, IT DOES NOT HAVE THE =ORCE O= LA

AND NEED NOT BE ATTACED IN A DIRECT PROCEEDIN7. /?1

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4rders: "$ Cr6u"r No. 08, Seres o4 '))? 9 Prescribin% R"les and Re%"lations











3overnin% the /ss"ance and /mplementation of 1atchlist 4rders and for 4ther

P"rposes:.

HEREFORE, #5e 2e##o s DISMISSED. T5e "ss"e$ De6so o4 #5e

CA $"#e$ =e&ru"r3 , '))8 CA-7.R. No. )))00 s 5ere&3AFFIRMED.



Razo! vs. Ta"itis, 621 SCRA 59 , #u!e 22, 2010

Case Title : GEN. A1ELINO I. RAZON, JR., C)$", P)$2$!!$n" Na#$%na2 P%2$-"3PNP45 P%2$-" C)$" S*!"&$n#"nd"n# RAUL CASTA6EDA, C)$", C&$+$na2In("'#$7a#$%n and D"#"-#$%n G&%*! 3CIDG45 P%2$-" S"n$%& S*!"&$n#"nd"n#LEONARDO A. ESPINA, C)$", P%2$-" An#$8C&$+" and E+"&7"n-9 R"'!%n'"5

and GEN. JOEL R. GOLTIAO, R"7$%na2 D$&"-#%& % ARMM, PNP, !"#$#$%n"&', ('.MARY JEAN B. TAGITIS, )"&"$n &"!&"'"n#"d 9 ATTY. FELIPE P. ARCILLA, JR.,A##%&n"98$n8Fa-#, &"'!%nd"n#.Case Nature : PETITION %& &"($" %n-"&#$%&a&$ % a d"-$'$%n % #)" C%*&# % A!!"a2'.Syllabi Class : &$#' % A+!a&%Syllabi :

1. Writs of Amparo ; The &ourt resolves to /#&T the &ourt of Appeals to

submit to the !upreme &ourt, within ten 0$12 days from receipt of this

#esolution, its $st uarterly report and recommendations, copy furnished

the incumbent '3' and '3'-&/ &hiefs, and the respondent, as directed in

the ecision of 4 ecember %115.+

EN BANC

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/reader/345769873865/AML336-rw/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/Writs%20of%20Amparo/

http://void%280%29/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/reader/345769873865/AML336-rw/

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http://void%280%29/



GEN. A=ELINO I. RAZON,JR., C2+'1, P2+4+00+n'Na)+na4 P4+' @PNP P4+'C2+'1 S-0'&+n)'nd'n) RAULCASTAEDA, C2+'1,C&+<+na4 In5'()+:a)+n andD')')+n G&-0 @CIDGP4+' S'n+& S-0'&+n)'nd'n)LEONARDO A. ESPINA,C2+'1, P4+' An)+7C&+<' andE<'&:'n3 R'(0n('@PACER and GEN. JOELR. GOLTIAO, R':+na4

D+&')& 1 ARMM, PNP,Pe##oers,

- versus -

MARY JEAN B. TAGITIS,2'&'+n &'0&'('n)'d ;3 ATTY.FELIPE P. ARCILLA, JR.,A))&n'37+n7Fa), Res2o$e#.

G.R. N. !"#"

Present

PUNO, C.J.,

CARPIO,

CORONA,

CARPIO MORALES,

CHICO-NAZARIO,

VELASCO, JR.,

NACHURA,

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,

BRION,

PERALTA,BERSAMIN,

DEL CASTILLO,

ABAD, "$

VILLARAMA, JR., JJ .

Promu!"#e$%

De6em&er @, '))

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D E C I S I O NBRION, J .*

e reve; #5s 2e##o 4or reve; o certiorari/01 #5e $e6so $"#e$

M"r65 ?, '))8 o4 #5e Cour# o4 A22e"s 9CA: C.A-7.R. APAR4 No. ))))./'1 T5s CA $e6so 6o4rme$ #5e e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e o4 E!eer Mor6e$ N.

T"!#s 9!a%itis: "$ !r"#e$ #5e r# o4 Amparo "# #5e 2e##o o4 5s ;4e, M"r3

Je" B. T"!#s 9respondent :. T5e $s2os#ve 2or#o o4 #5e CA $e6so re"$s%

HEREFORE, 2remses 6os$ere$, 2e##o s

5ere&3 GRANTED. T5e Cour# 5ere&3 FINDS #5"# #5s s " “'n1&'dd+(a00'a&an'”;#5 #5e me"! o4 #5e U#e$ N"#os s#rume#s, "s use$







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E!r. Mor6e$ T"!#s.

Coseue#3% 90: res2o$e# GEN. EDGARDO M. DOROMAL, C5e4,

Crm" Ives#!"#o "$ De#e#o 7rou2 9CID7: ;5o s5ou$ or$er COL.

JOSE =OLPANE PANTE, CID7- C5e4, Z"m&o"!" C#3, #o "$ 5m 9':res2o$e# GEN. A=ELINO I. RAZON, C5e4, PNP, ;5o s5ou$ or$er 5s me,

"me3% 9": res2o$e# GEN. JOEL GOLTIAO, Re!o" Dre6#or o4 ARMM

PNP, 9&: COL. AHIRON AJIRIM, &o#5 5e"$ o4 TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS, "$96: res2o$e# SR. SUPERINTENDENT LEONARDO A. ESPINA, C5e4,

Po6e A#-Crme "$ Emer!e63 Res2ose, #o "$ 5m "s #5er su2eror- "re

5ere&3 DIRECTED #o eer# '>)&a&d+na&3 d+4+:'n' and '11&)(, o# o3 #o

2ro#e6# #5e 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3 o4 E!r. Mor6e$ T"!#s, &u# "so #o e#e$#5e 0&+5+4':'( o4 #5e ;r# o4 amparo t o E!r. Mor6e$ T"!#s "$ 5s 4"m3, "$ #o

su&m# " mo#53 re2or# o4 #5er "6#os #o #5s Cour#, "s " ;"3 o4 PERIODICRE=IE #o e"&e #5s Cour# #o mo#or #5e "6#o o4 res2o$e#s.

T5s amparo 6"se s 5ere&3 DISMISSED "s #o res2o$e# LT. GEN.ALEXANDER YANO, Comm"$! 7eer", P522e Arm3, "$ "s #ores2o$e# GEN. RUBEN RAFAEL, C5e4 A#-Terror T"s =or6e Come#,

Z"m&o"!" C#3, &o#5 &e! ;#5 #5e m#"r3, ;565 s " se2"r"#e "$ $s#6#

or!"<"#o 4rom #5e 2o6e "$ #5e CID7, #erms o4 o2er"#os, 65" o4 6omm"$ "$ &u$!e#.

T5s De6so re4e6#s #5e "#ure o4 #5e r# o4 Amparo K " 2ro#e6#ve reme$3

"!"s# vo"#os or #5re"#s o4 vo"#o "!"s# #5e r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 "$

se6ur#3./@1 /t embodies, as a remedy, the co"rt5s directive to police a%encies to

"nderta6e specified co"rses of action to address the disappearance of anindivid"al, in this case, *n%r. orced N. !a%itis. I# $oes o# $e#erme !u# or

22o# 6rm" 6u2"&#3 4or #5e $s"22e"r"6e r"#5er, #

$e#ermes responsibility , or "# e"s# accountability, 4or #5e e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e

4or 2ur2oses o4 m2os! #5e "22ro2r"#e reme$es #o "$$ress #5e

$s"22e"r"6e. R'(0n(+;+4+)3 re4ers #o #5e e#e# #5e "6#ors 5"ve &ee es#"&s5e$

&3 su&s#"#" ev$e6e #o 5"ve 2"r#62"#e$ ;5"#ever ;"3, &3 "6#o or

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s5" 6r"4#, "mo! #5em, #5e $re6#ve #o 4e #5e "22ro2r"#e 6rm" "$ 6v

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#5e s"me "s #5e s#"$"r$ me"sures "$ 2ro6e$ures or$"r3 6our# "6#os "$

2ro6ee$!s. I #5s sese, #5e Rue o #5e r# o4 Amparo/1 9 Amparo R"le: ssue$

&3 #5s Cour# s uue. T5e Amparo Rue s5ou$ &e re"$, #oo, "s " ;or

2ro!ress, "s #s $re6#os "$ 4er 2o#s rem" #o evove #5rou!5 #me "$

>urs2ru$e6e "$ #5rou!5 #5e su&s#"#ve ";s #5"# Co!ress m"3 2romu!"#e.

THE FACTUAL ANTECEDENTS

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summ"r<e$ &eo;.

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O =e&ru"r3 , '))8, #5e CA ssue$ " ALARM ARNIN7 #5"# TAS

=ORCE TA7ITIS $$ o# "22e"r #o &e eer#! e#r"or$"r3 e44or#s resov!

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90: T5s Cour# =OUND #5"# # ;"s o3 "s "#e "s J"u"r3 '8, '))8,

"4#er #5e 5e"r!, #5"# 7EN. JOEL 7OLTIAO "$ COL. AHIRON AJIRIM 5"$

reues#e$ 4or 6e"r 25o#o!r"25s ;5e # s5ou$ 5"ve &ee s#"$"r$ o2er"#!

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$ssem"#o #o " 2"r#s o4 #5e 6ou#r3 "$ #o e!5&or! 6ou#res. I# 5"$ &ee#5ree 9@: mo#5s s6e 7EN. JOEL 7OLTIAO "$m##e$ 5"v! &ee informed o

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9': =ur#5ermore, !as6 +orce !a%itis5 COL. AHIROM AJIRIM4orme$ #5s Cour# #5"# PSu2# ASIM ;"s $es!"#e$ "s Co. A5rom A>rms

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Testimonies for the Respondent





O J"u"r3 ?, '))8, #5e res2o$e#, M"r3 Je" B. T"!#s, #es#4e$ o $re6#

e"m"#o #5"# s5e ;e# #o Joo "$ Z"m&o"!" 5er e44or#s #o o6"#e 5er

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Fs2e643G 5er "e!"#os, F2"r#6u"r3 2"r"!r"25 0( o4 #5e 2e##o.G/'1 T5s 4re$

"so #o$ 5er #5"# 5er 5us&"$ F/;"s1 !oo$ 5"$s.G/@)1 T5e res2o$e# "so

#es#4e$ #5"# s5e sou!5# #5e "sss#"6e o4 5er 4ormer &oss D"v"o C#3, L"$

B" B">"$" Br"65 M""!er Ru$3 S"v"$or, ;5o #o$ 5er #5"# FPNP CID7 s

5o$! /5er 5us&"$1, E!eer Mor6e$ T"!#s.G/@01 T5e res2o$e# re6ou#e$ #5"#

s5e ;e# #o C"m2 "##2" D"v"o C#3 ;5ere s5e me# Co. Ju"srm A5"$

"sm 9Col. 8asim;Sr. S"pt 8asim: ;5o re"$ #o 5er "$ 5er 4re$s 9;5o ;ere #5e

;#5 5er: " F5!53 6o4$e#" re2or#G #5"# 6o#"e$ #5e F"e!e$ "6#v#es o4

E!eer T"!#sG "$ 4orme$ 5er #5"# 5er 5us&"$ ;"s "&$u6#e$ &e6"use F5e s

u$er 6us#o$" ves#!"#oG 4or &e! " "so 4or FJ.I. or Jem""5 Is"m"5.G/@'1

O J"u"r3 0?, '))8, #5e res2o$e# o 6ross-e"m"#o #es#4e$ #5"# s5e

s T"!#s se6o$ ;4e, "$ #5e3 5"ve &ee m"rre$ 4or #5r#ee 3e"rs T"!#s ;"s

$vor6e$ 4rom 5s 4rs# ;4e./@@1 S5e "s# 6ommu6"#e$ ;#5 5er 5us&"$ o

O6#o&er ', '))? "# "rou$ ?%@0 2.m. #5rou!5 #e# mess"!! T"!#s ;"s #5e o

5s ;"3 #o Joo, Suu, 4rom Z"m&o"!" C#3./@1

T5e res2o$e# "rr"#e$ #5"# s5e e"re$ o4 5er 5us&"$s $s"22e"r"6e o

O6#o&er @), '))? ;5e 5er s#e2$"u!5#er, Z"3"5 T"!#s 9 <aynah:, 4orme$ 5er

#5"# s5e 5"$ o# 5e"r$ 4rom 5er 4"#5er s6e #5e #me #5e3 "rr"!e$ #o mee#

M"" o O6#o&er @0, '))?./@(1 T5e res2o$e# e2"e$ #5"# # #oo 5er " 4e;

$"3s 9or o Novem&er (, '))?: #o 2erso"3 "s uo! #o re2or# 5er 5us&"$s

$s"22e"r"6e #o #5e Joo Po6e S#"#o, s6e s5e 5"$ #5e m2resso #5"# 5er

5us&"$ 6ou$ o# 6ommu6"#e ;#5 5er &e6"use 5s 6eu"r 25oes &"##er3 $$

o# 5"ve eou!5 2o;er, "$ #5"# 5e ;ou$ 6" 5er ;5e 5e 5"$ 4u3-65"r!e$ 5s

6eu"r 25oes &"##er3./@1

T5e res2o$e# "so $e#4e$ #5e 5!5-r"! m#"r3 4re$, ;5o !"ve 5er

#5e 4orm"#o 4ou$ 2"r"!r"25 0( o4 5er 2e##o, "s L#. Co. Pe$ro L.A6"", Jr 9Col. Ancanan:. S5e me# 5m C"m2 "r!", Z"m&o"!" #5rou!5

5er &oss./@?1 S5e "so #es#4e$ #5"# s5e ;"s ;#5 #5ree o#5er 2eo2e, "me3, Mrs.

M"r3$e M"r# T"& "$ 5er #;o 4re$s 4rom M"# C#3, D"v"o Ore#", ;5e

Co. "sm re"$ #o #5em #5e 6o#e#s o4 #5e F5!53 6o4$e#" re2or#G "# C"m2

"##2", D"v"o C#3. T5e res2o$e# 4ur#5er "rr"#e$ #5"# #5e re2or# $6"#e$

#5"# 5er 5us&"$ me# ;#5 2eo2e &eo!! #o " #errors# !rou2 "$ #5"# 5e ;"s





















u$er 6us#o$" ves#!"#o. S5e #5e #o$ Co. "sm #5"# 5er 5us&"$ ;"s "

$"&e#6 #"! m"#e"6e me$6"#o, "$ "se$ #5"# #5e Cooe re"3 #o #5e

2ersos 5o$! 5m #5e ee$ #o !ve 5m 5s me$6"#o./@81

O =e&ru"r3 00, '))8, TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS su&m##e$ #;o "rr"#ve

re2or#s,/@1 s!e$ &3 #5e res2o$e#, $e#"! 5er e44or#s #o o6"#e 5er 5us&"$

;565 e$ #o 5er mee#!s ;#5 Co. A6"" o4 #5e P522e Arm3 "$ Co.

"sm o4 #5e PNP. I 5er "rr"#ve re2or# 6o6er! 5er mee#! ;#5 Co.

A6"", #5e res2o$e# re6ou#e$, vi# %/)1

O Novem&er 00, '))?, ;e ;e# #o Z"m&o"!" C#3 ;#5 m3 4re$ Mrs.

M"r3$e T"&. Our 4!5# 4rom D"v"o C#3 s %)) o6o6 #5e mor! ;e

"rrve$ "# Z"m&o"!" Ar2or# "# "rou$ 0)%)) o6o6. e /;ere1 4e#65e$ &3 #5e

#;o s#"44s o4 Co. A6"". e mme$"#e3 2ro6ee$ / sic1 #o es# M$""oComm"$ 9ESTMINCOM:.

O #5"# s"me $"3, ;e 5"$ 2rv"#e 6overs"#o ;#5 Co. A6"". He#erve;e$ me "$ !o# 4orm"#o "&ou# #5e 2erso" &"6!rou$ o4 E!r.

Mor6e$ N. T"!#s. A4#er 5e !"#5ere$ " 4orm"#o, 5e reve"e$ #o us #5e

6o#e#s o4 #e# mess"!es #5e3 !o# 4rom #5e 6eu"r 25oe o4 #5e su&>e6# E!r.

T"!#s. Oe o4 #5e ver3 m2or#"# #e# mess"!es o4 E!r. T"!#s se# #o 5s$"u!5#er Z"3"5 T"!#s ;"s #5"# s5e ;"s o# "o;e$ #o "s;er "3 #ee25oe

6"s 5s 6o$omum u#.

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#o #5e 6#3. Hs #;o s#"44s "66om2"e$ us #o #5e m" #o 2ur65"se our 2"e #6e#!o! &"6 #o D"v"o C#3 o Novem&er 0', '))?.

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mor!, Co. A6"" "$ I ;ere $s6uss! some 2o#s #5rou!5 25oe6"s. He "ssure$ me #5"# m3 5us&"$ s "ve "$ 5es "s# ooe$ / sic1

T"2"2"o, Joo, Suu. e# I $$ o# &eeve 5s !ve s#"#eme#s o4 #5e

;5ere"&ou#s o4 m3 5us&"$, &e6"use I 6o#"6#e$ some o4 m3 4re$s ;5o 5"ve"66ess #o #5e !rou2s o4 MIL=, MNL= "$ AS7. I 6"e$ u2 Co. A6"" sever"

#mes &e!!! #o #e me #5e e"6# o6"#o o4 m3 5us&"$ "$ ;5o 5e$ 5m &u#

5e re4use$.

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"""!3" ! "s";" mo.G 5e I ;"s Z"m&o"!", I ;"s #5! o4

$ro22! &3 #5e o446e o4 Co. A6"", &u# I ;"s 5es#"# #o 2"3 5m " vs# 4or

#5e re"so #5"# #5e C5e4 o4 Po6e o4 Joo #o$ me o# #o 6o#"6# "3 A=P o446"s









"$ 5e 2romse$ me #5"# 5e 6" sove #5e 6"se o4 m3 5us&"$ 9E!r. T"!#s:

;#5 e $"3s.

I "22re6"#e #5e e44or# o4 Co. A6"" o #r3! #o sove #5e 6"se o4 m3

5us&"$ E!r. Mor6e$ T"!#s, 3e# 4"e$ #o $o so.

T5e res2o$e# "so "rr"#e$ 5er e6ou#er ;#5 Co. "sm, "s 4oo;s%/01

O Novem&er ?, '))?, I ;e# #o L"$ B" o4 #5e P522es, B">"$"

Br"65, D"v"o C#3 #o mee# Mr. Ru$3 S"v"$or. I #o$ 5m #5"# m3 5us&"$,

E!eer Mor6e$ T"!#s ;"s 2resume$ #o &e "&$u6#e$ Joo, Suu o O6#o&er

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6"e$ u2 C"m2 "##2" o6"#e$ D"v"o C#3 oo! 4or 5!5-r"! o446"

;5o 6" 5e2 me !"#5er re"&e 4orm"#o &e5$ #5e "&$u6#o o4 su&>e6#

E!eer T"!#s.

O #5"# s"me $"3, Mr. S"v"$or "$ m3 4re$, A" Me$o<", Ee6u#ve

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me #5"# 5e $o #5e &es# 5e 6" #o 5e2 me 4$ m3 5us&"$.

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me #5"# I "m #o !o #o C"m2 "##2" #o mee# Co. "sm 4or 5e 5"s " ur!e#,

6o4$e#" 4orm"#o #o reve".

O Novem&er ', '))?, ;e ;e# &"6 #o C"m2 "##2" ;#5 m3 #5ree

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B" Is"m.

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>ure$ #errors#s "s " su22er. T5ese "re #5e #;o 4orm"#o #5"# I 6" s#

remem&er. I# ;"s ;r##e " o! &o$ 2"2er ;#5 PNP Le##er5e"$. I# ;"s o#s5o; #o us, 3e# Co. "sm ;"s #5e oe ;5o re"$ # 4or us.

He "se$ " 4"vor #o me #5"# FPe"se $o# uo#e m3 N"me Be6"use #5s s

" r"; re2or#.G He "ssure$ me #5"# m3 5us&"$ s "ve "$ 5e s #5e 6us#o$3 o4 #5e m#"r3 4or 6us#o$" ves#!"#o. I #o$ 5m #o 2e"se #"e 6"re o4 m3

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O =e&ru"r3 00, '))8, #5e res2o$e# 2rese#e$ Mrs. M"r3$e M"r# T"&

9 rs. !albin: #o 6orro&or"#e 5er #es#mo3 re!"r$! 5er e44or#s #o o6"#e 5er

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"sm. Mrs. T"& #es#4e$ #5"# s5e ;"s ;#5 #5e res2o$e# ;5e s5e ;e# #o

Z"m&o"!" #o see Co. A6"", "$ #o D"v"o C#3 "# C"m2 "##2" #o mee#

Co. "sm./'1

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mee# M"" o O6#o&er @), '))?./@1

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5m #o s! #./((1 Pro4 M"# 6"r4e$ #5"# "#5ou!5 5e re"$ #5e "44$"v# &e4ore

s!! #, 5e F;"s o# so mu65 ";"re o4 /#s1 6o#e#s.G/(1

O =e&ru"r3 00, '))8, #5e 2e##oers 2rese#e$ Co. "sm #o re&u# m"#er"

2or#os o4 #5e res2o$e#s #es#mo3, 2"r#6u"r3 #5e "e!"#o #5"# 5e 5"$ s#"#e$





























#5"# T"!#s ;"s #5e 6us#o$3 o4 e#5er #5e m#"r3 or #5e PNP. /(?1 Co. "sm

6"#e!or6"3 $ee$ #5e s#"#eme#s m"$e &3 #5e res2o$e# 5er "rr"#ve re2or#,

s2e646"3% 90: #5"# T"!#s ;"s see 6"rr3! &oes o4 me$6es "s su22er 4or

#5e >ure$ #errors#s 9': #5"# T"!#s ;"s u$er #5e 6us#o$3 o4 #5e m#"r3, (+n'2' <'&'43 (a+d ) )2' &'(0nd'n) )2a) “3-& 2-(;and +( +n :d 2and(” and +(“0&;a;43 )a'n a&'d 1 ;3 2+( a&<'d a;d-)&(” "$ 9@: #5"# T"!#s ;"s

u$er 6us#o$" ves#!"#o &3 #5e m#"r3, #5e PNP or #5e CID7 Z"m&o"!"

C#3./(81 Co. "sm em25"s<e$ #5"# #5e F4orm" e##erG 5e re6eve$ 4rom 5s

4orm"# Suu $$ o# $6"#e #5"# T"!#s ;"s #5e 6us#o$3 o4 #5e CID7./(1 He "so s#resse$ #5"# the information he provided to the respondent -as merely

a &ra- report( so"rced from &baran%ay intelli%ence( #5"# s# ee$e$

6o4rm"#o "$ F4oo;-u2G "s #o #s ver"6#3./)1

O 6ross-e"m"#o, Co. "sm #es#4e$ #5"# #5e 4orm"#o 5e !"ve #5e

res2o$e# ;"s !ve #o 5m &3 5s 4orm"#, ;5o ;"s " F6v" "sse#,G #5rou!5" e##er ;565 5e 6os$ere$ "s Fuo446".G/01 Co. "sm s#resse$ #5"# #5e e##er

;"s o3 me"# 4or 5s F6osum2#oG "$ o# 4or re"$! &3 o#5ers. /'1 He

testified f"rther that he destroyed the letter ri%ht after he read it to the respondent

and her companions beca"se &it -as not important to him( and also beca"se the

information it contained had no importance in relation -ith the abd"ction of

!a%itis./@1 He e2"e$ #5"# 5e $$ o# ee2 #5e e##er &e6"use # $$ o# 6o#"

"3 4orm"#o re!"r$! #5e ;5ere"&ou#s o4 T"!#s "$ #5e 2erso9s: res2os&e

4or 5s "&$u6#o./1

I #5e s"me 5e"r! o =e&ru"r3 00, '))8, #5e 2e##oers "so 2rese#e$

Po6e Seor Su2er#e$e# Jose Vo2"e P"#e 9Col. Pante:, C5e4 o4 #5e CID7-

, #o $s2rove #5e res2o$e#s "e!"#o #5"# T"!#s ;"s #5e 6us#o$3 o4 CID7-

Z"m&o"!" C#3./(1 Co. P"#e 6"r4e$ #5"# #5e CID7 ;"s #5e Fves#!"#ve "rmG

o4 #5e PNP, "$ #5"# #5e CID7 Fves#!"#es "$ 2rose6u#es " 6"ses vov!

vo"#os #5e Revse$ Pe" Co$e 2"r#6u"r3 #5ose 6os$ere$ "s 5eous

6rmes.G/1 Co. P"#e 4ur#5er #es#4e$ #5"# #5e "e!"#o #5"# RCIDU 2ersoe

;ere vove$ #5e $s"22e"r"6e o4 T"!#s ;"s &"seess, s6e #5e3 $$ o#

6o$u6# "3 o2er"#o Joo, Suu &e4ore or "4#er T"!#s re2or#e$ $s"22e"r"6e.

/?1 Co. P"#e "$$e$ #5"# #5e 4our 9: 2ersoe "ss!e$ #o #5e Suu CIDT 5"$ o6"2"&#3 #o 6o$u6# "3 Fo2er"#o,G s6e #5e3 ;ere o3 "ss!e$ #o ves#!"#e

m"##ers "$ #o mo#or #5e #errorsm s#u"#o./81 He $ee$ #5"# 5s o446e

6o$u6#e$ "3 surve"6e o T"!#s 2ror #o #5e "##ers $s"22e"r"6e. /1 Co.

P"#e 4ur#5er #es#4e$ #5"# 5s ves#!"#o o4 T"!#s $s"22e"r"6e ;"s

usu66ess4u #5e ves#!"#o ;"s Fs# 4"6! " &" ;"G o #5e ;5ere"&ou#s

o4 T"!#s./?)1
































THE CA RULING

O M"r65 ?, '))8, #5e CA ssue$ #s $e6so/?01 6o4rm! #5"# #5e

$s"22e"r"6e o4 T"!#s ;"s " Fe4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6eG u$er #5e U#e$

N"#os 9=N : De6"r"#o o #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom E4or6e$

Ds"22e"r"6es./?'1 T5e CA rue$ #5"# ;5e m#"r3 #e!e6e 22o#e$ #5e

ves#!"#ve "rm o4 #5e PNP 9CID7: #o &e vove$ #5e "&$u6#o, #5e mss!-

2erso 6"se u"4e$ "s " e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e. T5e 6o6uso #5"# #5e CID7

;"s vove$ ;"s &"se$ o #5e res2o$e#s #es#mo3, 6orro&or"#e$ &3 5er

6om2"o, Mrs. T"&. T5e CA o#e$ #5"# #5e 4orm"#o #5"# #5e CID7, "s #5e

2o6e #e!e6e "rm, ;"s vove$ T"!#s "&$u6#o 6"me 4rom o ess #5"

#5e m#"r3 K " $e2e$e# "!e63 o4 !overme#. T5e CA #5us !re"#3 ree$

o #5e Fr"; re2or#G 4rom Co. "sms "sse#, 2o#! #o #5e CID7s voveme#

T"!#s "&$u6#o. T5e CA 5e$ #5"# Fr"; re2or#sG 4rom " F"sse#G 6"rre$F!re"# ;e!5#G #5e #e!e6e ;or$. I# "so "&ee$ "s Fsus2e6#G Co. "sms

su&seue# "$ &e"#e$ re#r"6#o o4 5s s#"#eme# #5"# #5e m#"r3, #5e 2o6e, or

#5e CID7 ;"s vove$ #5e "&$u6#o o4 T"!#s.

T5e CA 65"r"6#er<e$ "s F#oo 4"r4e#65e$ "$ u&eev"&eG "$ F" &e$"m o4

s2e6u"#oG 2o6e #5eores 2"#! #5e $s"22e"r"6e "s F#e#o"G o #5e 2"r#

o4 T"!#s. He 5"$ o 2revous &rus5es ;#5 #5e "; or "3 re6or$ o4 overs#e22!

#5e &ou$s o4 "3 #rus# re!"r$! moe3 e#rus#e$ #o 5m o s#u$e# o4 #5e IDB

s65o"rs52 2ro!r"m ever 6"me 4or;"r$ #o 6om2" #5"# 5e or s5e $$ o# !e# 5s

or 5er s#2e$. T5e CA "so 4ou$ o &"ss 4or #5e 2o6e #5eor3 #5"# T"!#s ;"s

F#r3! #o es6"2e 4rom #5e 6u#65es o4 5s se6o$ ;4e,G o #5e &"ss o4 #5e

res2o$e#s #es#mo3 #5"# T"!#s ;"s " Musm ;5o 6ou$ 5"ve m"3 ;ves

u$er #5e Musm 4"#5, "$ #5"# #5ere ;"s Fo ssueG "# " ;5e #5e "##er

$vor6e$ 5s 4rs# ;4e or$er #o m"rr3 #5e se6o$. ="3, #5e CA "so rue$ ou#

$"22! 4or r"som &3 #5e A&u S"33"4 or &3 #5e ARMM 2"r"m#"r3 "s #5e

6"use 4or T"!#s $s"22e"r"6e, s6e #5e res2o$e#, #5e 2o6e "$ #5e m#"r3

o#e$ #5"# #5ere ;"s o "6o;e$!eme# o4 T"!#s "&$u6#o or $em"$ 4or

2"3me# o4 r"som K #5e usu" mod"s operandi o4 #5ese #errors# !rou2s.

B"se$ o #5ese 6os$er"#os, #5e CA #5us e#e$e$ #5e 2rve!e o4 #5e ;r#

#o T"!#s "$ 5s 4"m3, "$ $re6#e$ #5e CID7 C5e4, Co. Jose Vo2"e P"#e,

PNP C5e4 Aveo I. R"<o, TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS 5e"$s 7e. Joe 7o#"o "$

Co. A5ro A>rm, "$ PACER C5e4 Sr. Su2#. Leo"r$o A. Es2" #o eer#

e#r"or$"r3 $!e6e "$ e44or#s #o 2ro#e6# #5e 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3 o4

T"!#s, ;#5 #5e o&!"#o #o 2rov$e mo#53 re2or#s o4 #5er "6#os #o #5e







CA. A# #5e s"me #me, #5e CA $smsse$ #5e 2e##o "!"s# #5e #5e res2o$e#s

4rom #5e m#"r3, L#. 7e Ae"$er "o "$ 7e. Ru&e R"4"e, &"se$ o #5e

4$! #5"# # ;"s PNP-CID7, o# #5e m#"r3, #5"# ;"s vove$.

O M"r65 @0, '))8, #5e 2e##oers move$ #o re6os$er #5e CA $e6so, &u#

#5e CA $ee$ #5e mo#o #s Resou#o o4 A2r , '))8./?@1

THE PETITION

I #5s Rue ( "22e" ues#o! #5e CAs M"r65 ?, '))8 $e6so, #5e

2e##oers m"3 $s2u#e #5e su446e63 4orm "$ su&s#"6e o4

#5e Amparo 2e##o 4e$ &e4ore #5e CA #5e su446e63 o4 #5e e!" reme$es #5e

res2o$e# #oo &e4ore 2e##o! 4or #5e ;r# #5e 4$! #5"# #5e r!5#s #o 4e,

&er#3 "$ se6ur#3 o4 T"!#s 5"$ &ee vo"#e$ #5e su446e63 o4 ev$e6e

su22or#! #5e 6o6uso #5"# T"!#s ;"s "&$u6#e$ #5e 6o6uso #5"# #5e CID7Z"m&o"!" ;"s res2os&e 4or #5e "&$u6#o "$, !eer"3, #5e ru! #5"# #5e

res2o$e# $s65"r!e$ #5e &ur$e o4 2rov! #5e "e!"#os o4 #5e 2e##o &3

su&s#"#" ev$e6e./?1

THE COURT?S RULING

' d n) 1+nd )2' 0')+)+n <'&+)&+-(.

Sufficiency in Form and Substance

I ues#o! #5e su446e63 4orm "$ su&s#"6e o4 #5e

res2o$e#s Amparo 2e##o, #5e 2e##oers 6o#e$ #5"# #5e 2e##o vo"#e$

Se6#o (96:, 9$:, "$ 9e: o4 #5e Amparo Rue. S2e646"3, #5e 2e##oers "e!e

#5"# #5e res2o$e# 4"e$ #o%

0: "e!e "3 "6# or omsso #5e 2e##oers 6omm##e$ vo"#o o4 T"!#s r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3

': "e!e " 6om2e#e m"er 5o; T"!#s ;"s "&$u6#e$, #5e 2ersos

res2os&e 4or 5s $s"22e"r"6e, "$ #5e res2o$e#s sour6e

o4 4orm"#o







@: "e!e #5"# #5e "&$u6#o ;"s 6omm##e$ "# #5e 2e##oers s#ru6#os or

;#5 #5er 6ose#

: m2e"$ #5e mem&ers o4 CID7 re!o" o446e Z"m&o"!" "e!e$ #o

5"ve 6us#o$3 over 5er 5us&"$(: "##"65 #5e "44$"v#s o4 ;#esses #o su22or# 5er "66us"#os

: "e!e "3 "6#o or "6#o "##r&u#"&e #o #5e 2e##oers #5e

2er4orm"6e o4 #5er $u#es #5e ves#!"#o o4 T"!#s $s"22e"r"6e

"$

?: s2e643 ;5"# e!"3 "v""&e e44or#s s5e #oo #o $e#erme #5e 4"#e or

;5ere"&ou#s o4 5er 5us&"$.

A 2e##o 4or #5e r# o4 Amparo s5" &e s!e$ "$ ver4e$ "$ s5""e!e, "mo! o#5ers 9 #erms o4 #5e 2or#os #5e 2e##oers 6#e:%/?(1

@ T2' &+:2) ) 4+1', 4+;'&)3 and ('-&+)3 1 )2' a::&+'5'd 0a&)3 5+4a)'d &)2&'a)'n'd 9+)2 5+4a)+n ;3 an -n4a91-4 a) & <+((+n 1 )2' &'(0nd'n),and 29 (-2 )2&'a) & 5+4a)+n +( <<+))'d 9+)2 )2' a))'ndan)+&-<()an'( d')a+4'd +n (-00&)+n: a11+da5+)( @d T2' +n5'()+:a)+n nd-)'d, +1 an3, (0'+13+n: )2' na<'(, 0'&(na4+&-<()an'(, and add&'(('( 1 )2' +n5'()+:a)+n: a-)2&+)3 & +nd+5+d-a4(,a( 9'44 a( )2' <ann'& and nd-) 1 )2' +n5'()+:a)+n, ):')2'& 9+)2 an3

&'0&) @' T2' a)+n( and &'-&('( )a'n ;3 )2' 0')+)+n'& ) d')'&<+n' )2' 1a)' &92'&'a;-)( 1 )2' a::&+'5'd 0a&)3 and )2' +d'n)+)3 1 )2' 0'&(n &'(0n(+;4'1& )2' )2&'a), a) & <+((+n and

T5e 4r"mers o4 #5e Amparo Rue ever #e$e$ Se6#o (96: #o &e 6om2e#e

ever3 $e#" s#"#! #5e #5re"#ee$ or "6#u" vo"#o o4 " v6#ms r!5#s. As

"3 o#5er #"#or3 2e"$!, #5e 2e"$er mus# o4 6ourse s#"#e #5e u#m"#e 4"6#s6os##u#! #5e 6"use o4 "6#o, om##! #5e ev$e#"r3 $e#"s./?1 I

" Amparo 2e##o, 5o;ever, #5s reureme# mus# &e re"$ !5# o4 #5e "#ure

"$ 2ur2ose o4 #5e 2ro6ee$!, ;565 "$$resses " s#u"#o o4 u6er#"#3 #5e

2e##oer m"3 o# &e "&e #o $es6r&e ;#5 6er#"#3 5o; #5e v6#m e"6#3

$s"22e"re$, or ;5o "6#u"3 "6#e$ #o $"2, "&$u6# or "rres# 5m or 5er, or ;5ere







#5e v6#m s $e#"e$, &e6"use #5ese 4orm"#o m"3 2ur2ose3 &e 5$$e or

6overe$ u2 &3 #5ose ;5o 6"use$ #5e $s"22e"r"6e. I #5s #32e o4 s#u"#o, #o

reure #5e eve o4 s2e646#3, $e#" "$ 2re6so #5"# #5e 2e##oers "22"re#3

;"# #o re"$ #o #5e Amparo Rue s #o m"e #5s Rue " to6en %est"re o4 >u$6"6o6er 4or vo"#os o4 #5e 6os##u#o" r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3.

To re"$ #5e Rues o4 Cour# reureme# o 2e"$!s ;5e "$$ress! #5e

uue Amparo s#u"#o, #5e #es# re"$! #5e 2e##o s5ou$ &e #o $e#erme

;5e#5er # 6o#"s #5e $e#"s available to the petitioner "nder the

circ"mstances, ;5e 2rese#! " 6"use o4 "6#o s5o;! " vo"#o o4 #5e

v6#ms r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 "$ se6ur#3 #5rou!5 S#"#e or 2rv"#e 2"r#3

"6#o. T5e 2e##o s5ou$ e;se &e re"$ #s #o#"#3, r"#5er #5" #erms o4

#s so"#e$ 6om2oe# 2"r#s, #o $e#erme 4 #5e reure$ eeme#s K "me3, o4 #5e

$s"22e"r"6e, #5e S#"#e or 2rv"#e "6#o, "$ #5e "6#u" or #5re"#ee$ vo"#os o4

#5e r!5#s #o 4e, &er#3 or se6ur#3 K "re 2rese#.

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6r6ums#"6es u$er ;565 T"!#s su$$e3 $ro22e$ ou# o4 s!5# "4#er e!"!!

orm" "6#v#es, "$ #5ere"4#er ;"s o;5ere #o &e 4ou$ $es2#e e44or#s #o o6"#e5m. T5e 2e##o "e!e$, #oo, u$er #s 2"r"!r"25 ?, re"#o #o 2"r"!r"25s 0(

"$ 0, #5"# "66or$! #o re"&e 4orm"#o, 2o6e o2er"#ves ;ere #5e

2er2e#r"#ors o4 #5e "&$u6#o. I# "so 6e"r3 "e!e$ 5o; T"!#s r!5#s #o 4e,

&er#3 "$ se6ur#3 ;ere vo"#e$ ;5e 5e ;"s F4or6&3 #"e "$ &o"r$e$ o "

mo#or ve56e &3 " 6ou2e o4 &ur3 me &eeve$ #o &e 2o6e #e!e6e

o2er"#ves,G "$ #5e #"e F#o 6us#o$3 &3 #5e res2o$e#s 2o6e #e!e6e

o2er"#ves s6e O6#o&er @), '))?, s2e646"3 &3 #5e CID7, PNP Z"m&o"!"

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2e"$ers o;e$!e "&ou# T"!#s $s"22e"r"6e, #5e 2"r#62"#o &3 "!e#s o4





#5e S#"#e #5s $s"22e"r"6e, #5e 4"ure o4 #5e S#"#e #o ree"se T"!#s or #o

2rov$e su446e# 4orm"#o "&ou# 5s ;5ere"&ou#s, "s ;e "s #5e "6#u"

vo"#o o4 5s r!5# #o &er#3. T5us, #5e 2e##o 6"o# &e 4"u#e$ 4or "3 4"ure

#s s#"#eme# o4 " 6"use o4 "6#o.

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su22or#! "44$"v#, "s reure$ &3 Se6#o (96: o4 #5e AmparoRue. O;! #o #5e

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#es#mo3./?81 T5s reureme#, 5o;ever, s5ou$ o# &e re"$ "s " "&sou#e oe

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esse#"3 4u4e$. e o#e #5"# #5e 4"ure #o "##"65 #5e reure$ "44$"v#s ;"s

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4es5 ou# #5e "e!"#os o4 #5e 2e##o. T5us, eve o #5s 2o#, #5e 2e##o6"o# &e 4"u#e$.

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o22or#u#3 #5e eve o4 $!e6e #5e 2u&6 "u#5or#es u$er#oo re"#o ;#5

#5e re2or#e$ $s"22e"r"6e./?1

e re>e6# #5e 2e##oers "r!ume# #5"# #5e res2o$e#s 2e##o $$ o#

6om23 ;#5 #5e Se6#o (9$: reureme#s o4 #5e Amparo Rue, "s #5e 2e##o

s2e64es #s 2"r"!r"25 00 #5"# uo! "$ 5s 6om2"os mme$"#e3

re2or#e$ T"!#s $s"22e"r"6e #o #5e 2o6e "u#5or#es Joo, Suu as soon as

they -ere relatively certain that he indeed had disappeared . T5e 2o6e, 5o;ever,







!"ve #5em #5e Fre"$3 "s;erG #5"# T"!#s 6ou$ 5"ve &ee "&$u6#e$ &3 #5e A&u

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a generally accepted principle of international la' 92+2 9' (2-4d n(+d'& a

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e44e6#ve3, vi# %/0@?1

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T5e UN Hum" R!5#s Comm##ee 4ur#5er s#"#e$ #5e s"me 7eer"

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m"##er o4 sus#"e$ 6o6er &3 #5e Comm##ee, m"3 ;e &e " m2or#"#6o#r&u#! eeme# #5e re6urre6e o4 #5e vo"#os. 5e 6omm##e$ "s 2"r#

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I Secretary of National Defense v. analo,/0@1 #5s Cour#, ru! #5"# #5e

r!5# #o se6ur#3 o4 2ersos s " !u"r"#ee o4 #5e 2ro#e6#o o4 oes r!5# &3 #5e

!overme#, 5e$ #5"#%

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#5e 08? Cos##u#o. As the %overnment is the chief %"arantor of order and

sec"rity, the Constit"tional %"arantee of the ri%hts to life, liberty and sec"rity of person is rendered ineffective if %overnment does not afford protection to these

ri%hts especially -hen they are "nder threat. P&)')+n +n4-d'( nd-)+n:'11')+5' +n5'()+:a)+n(, &:an+a)+n 1 )2' :5'&n<'n) a00a&a)-( ) '>)'nd0&)')+n ) 5+)+<( 1 '>)&a4':a4 +44+n:( & 'n1&'d d+(a00'a&an'( @&)2&'a)( )2'&'1 and/& )2'+& 1a<+4+'(, and ;&+n:+n: 11'nd'&( ) )2' ;a& 1 -()+'. T5e I#er-Amer6" Cour# o4 Hum" R!5#s s#resse$ #5e m2or#"6e o4

ves#!"#o #5e ='4a(K-' Rd&+:-' Ca(', vi# %

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su22e$1

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ru!%

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T5ese ru!s e44e6#ve3 serve "s #5e &"6$ro2 4or #5e Rue o #5e r#

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4+;'&)3 and ('-&+)3 )2a) -nd'&4+' '5'&3 'n1&'d d+(a00'a&an'.

E!identiary Difficulties Posed

by the Uni(ue $ature of an

Enforced Disappearance

Be4ore !o! #o #5e ssue o4 ;5e#5er #5e res2o$e# 5"s $s65"r!e$ #5e

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s5" e6ou#er.

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Secretary of Defense v. analo/01;5e ;e "6o;e$!e$ #5"# F;5ere 2o;er4u

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"!"s# #5em 6omes "s o sur2rse.G

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5"ve &e!u./0(1 !he problem for the victim5s family is the State5s virt"al monopoly

of access to pertinent evidence. T5e I#er-Amer6" Cour# o4 Hum" R!5#s

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E!idence and #urden of Proof in

Enforced Disappearances )ases

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6"rr3, "s 4oo;s%

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re"$! #5s re2or#. H' )4d -( )2a) En:&. Ta:+)+( +( +n :d 2and(. H' +(9+)2 )2' <+4+)a&3, ;-) 2' +( n) '&)a+n 92')2'& 2' +( 9+)2 )2' AFP &PNP. H' 2a( )2+( ('&+-( a('. H' 9a( 2a&:'d 1 )'&&&+(< ;'a-('2' 9a( -nd'& (-&5'+44an' 1&< Jan-a&3 #88 -0 ) )2' )+<' )2a) 2'9a( a;d-)'d. H' )4d -( )2a) 2' 9a( -nd'& -()d+a4+n5'()+:a)+n. A( I?5' (a+d 'a&4+'&, 2' 9a( (''n -nd'& (-&5'+44an'







To &e sure, #5e res2o$e#s "$ Mrs. T"&s #es#moes ;ere 4"r 4rom

2er4e6#, "s #5e 2e##oers 2o#e$ ou#. T5e res2o$e# ms#"e3 65"r"6#er<e$

Co. "sm "s " Fm#"r3 o446erG ;5o #o$ 5er #5"# F5er 5us&"$ s &e! "&$u6#e$

&e6"use 5e s u$er 6us#o$" ves#!"#o &e6"use 5e s "e!e$3 paran% liasonn% J./ .G T5e 2e##oers "so o#e$ #5"# FMrs. T"&s #es#mo3 m2u#! 6er#"

s#"#eme#s #o Sr. Su2#. "sm #5"# E!r. T"!#s s ;#5 #5e m#"r3, &u# 5e s o#

6er#" ;5e#5er # s #5e PNP or A=P s o# ;or#53 o4 &ee4, s6e Sr. Su2#. "sm

s " 5!5 r"! 2o6e o446er ;5o ;ou$ 6er#"3 o; #5"# #5e PNP s o# 2"r#

o4 #5e m#"r3.G

U2o $ee2er 6os$er"#o o4 #5ese 6oss#e6es, 5o;ever, ;5"# "22e"rs

6e"r #o us s #5"# #5e 2e##oers ever re"3 s#e"$4"s#3 $s2u#e$ or 2rese#e$

ev$e6e #o re4u#e #5e 6re$&#3 o4 #5e res2o$e# "$ 5er ;#ess, Mrs.

T"&. T5e 6oss#e6es #5e 2e##oers 2o# ou# re"#e, more #5" "3#5!

ese, #o $e#"s #5"# s5ou$ o# "44e6# #5e 6re$&#3 o4 #5e res2o$e# "$ Mrs.

T"& #5e 6oss#e6es "re o# o m"#er" 2o#s. /081 e o#e, 4or e"m2e,

#5"# #5ese ;#esses "re "3 2eo2e so 4"r "s m#"r3 "$ 2o6e m"##ers "re

6o6ere$, "$ 6o4uso &e#;ee #5e 2o6e "$ #5e m#"r3 s o# uusu". As "

rue, mor 6oss#e6es su65 "s #5ese $6"#e #ru#54uess r"#5er #5" 2rev"r6"#o/01"$ o3 #e$ #o s#re!#5e #5er 2ro&"#ve v"ue, 6o#r"s# #o

#es#moes 4rom v"rous ;#esses $ove#"! o ever3 $e#" #5e "##er 6"o#

&u# !eer"#e sus26o #5"# #5e m"#er" 6r6ums#"6es #5e3 #es#4e$ #o ;ere

#e!r" 2"r#s o4 " ;e #5ou!5# o4 "$ 2re4"&r6"#e$ s#or3./0?)1

Ba('d n )2'(' n(+d'&a)+n( and )2' -n+K-' '5+d'n)+a&3 (+)-a)+n +n

'n1&'d d+(a00'a&an' a('(, 9' 24d +) d-43 '()a;4+(2'd )2a) C4. a(+<

+n1&<'d )2' &'(0nd'n) and 2'& 1&+'nd(, ;a('d n )2' +n1&<an)?( 4'))'&, )2a)Ta:+)+(, &'0-)'d43 a 4+a+(n 1& )2' JI and 92 2ad ;''n -nd'& (-&5'+44an'

(+n' Jan-a&3 #88, 9a( “+n :d 2and(” and -nd'& -()d+a4 +n5'()+:a)+n 1&

<04++)3 9+)2 )2' JI a1)'& 2' 9a( (''n )a4+n: ) n' O<a& Pa)+ and a

'&)a+n “San)(” 1 B-4aan, a “Ba4+ I(4a<” 2a&:'d 9+)2 )'&&&+(<. T5e










res2o$e#s "$ Mrs. T"&s #es#moes 6"o# sm23 &e $e4e"#e$ &3 Co.

"sms 2" $e" "$ 5s 6"m #5"# 5e 5"$ $es#ro3e$ 5s 4orm"#s e##er, #5e

6r#6" 2e6e o4 ev$e6e #5"# su22or#s or e!"#es #5e 2"r#es 6o46#! 6"ms.

Co. "sms "$m##e$ $es#ru6#o o4 #5s e##er K e44e6#ve3, " su22resso o4 #5sev$e6e K r"ses #5e 2resum2#o #5"# #5e e##er, 4 2ro$u6e$, ;ou$ &e 2roo4 o4

;5"# #5e res2o$e# 6"me$./0?01 =or &rev#3, ;e s5" 6" #5e ev$e6e o4 ;5"#

Co. "sm re2or#e$ #o #5e res2o$e# #o &e #5e F"sm ev$e6e.G

7ve #5s ev$e6e, our e# s#e2 s #o $e6$e ;5e#5er ;e 6" "66e2# #5s

ev$e6e, eu o4 $re6# ev$e6e, "s proof that the disappearance of !a%itis -as

d"e to action -ith %overnment participation, 6no-led%e or consent and that he

-as held for c"stodial investi%ation. e o#e #5s re!"r$ #5"# Co. "sm ;"s

ever uo#e$ #o 5"ve s"$ #5"# #5e 6us#o$" ves#!"#o ;"s &3 #5e CID7

Z"m&o"!". T5e "sm ev$e6e o3 m2es !overme# #erve#o #5rou!5

#5e use o4 #5e #erm F6us#o$" ves#!"#o,G "$ $oes o# "# " 2o# #o CID7

Z"m&o"!" "s T"!#s 6us#o$".

S#r6#3 s2e"!, ;e "re 4"6e$ 5ere ;#5 " 6"ss6 6"se o4 5e"rs"3 ev$e6e

K i.e., ev$e6e ;5ose 2ro&"#ve v"ue s o# &"se$ o #5e 2erso" o;e$!e o4 #5e ;#esses 9#5e res2o$e#, Mrs. T"& "$ Co. "sm 5mse4: &u# o #5e

o;e$!e o4 some o#5er 2erso o# o #5e ;#ess s#"$ 9#5e 4orm"#:./0?'1

To s"3 #5"# #5s 2e6e o4 ev$e6e s 6om2e#e# "$ "$mss&e ev$e6e

o4 ;5"# # su&s#"#ve3 s#"#es s #o "6o;e$!e K "s #5e 2e##oers e44e6#ve3

su!!es# K #5"# #5e "&se6e o4 "3 $re6# ev$e6e, ;e s5ou$ sm23 $smss #5e

2e##o. To our m$, " mme$"#e $smss" 4or #5s re"so s o $44ere# 4rom "

s#"#eme# #5"# #5e Amparo Rue K $es2#e #s #erms K s e44e6#ve, "s # 6"o#

"o; 4or #5e s2e6" ev$e#"r3 $446u#es #5"# "re u"vo$"&3 2rese#

Amparo s#u"#os, 2"r#6u"r3 e#r">u$6" !s "$ e4or6e$

$s"22e"r"6es. T5e Amparo Rue ;"s o# 2romu!"#e$ ;#5 #5s #e# or ;#5 #5e

#e# #o m"e # " #oe !es#ure o4 6o6er 4or 6os##u#o" r!5#s. I# ;"s







2romu!"#e$ #o 2rov$e e44e6#ve "$ #me3 reme$es, "sin% and profitin% from

local and international experiences e#r">u$6" !s "$ e4or6e$

$s"22e"r"6es, "s #5e s#u"#o m"3 reure. Coseue#3, ;e 5"ve o 65o6e &u#

#o mee# #5e ev$e#"r3 $446u#es 5ere# e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6es ;#5 #5e4e&#3 #5"# #5ese $446u#es $em"$.

To !ve 4u me"! #o our Cos##u#o "$ #5e r!5#s # 2ro#e6#s, ;e 5o$

#5"#, "s )elas2"e# , ;e s5ou$ "# e"s# #"e " 6ose oo "# #5e "v""&e ev$e6e

#o $e#erme #5e 6orre6# m2or# o4 ever3 2e6e o4 ev$e6e K eve o4 #5ose usu"3

6os$ere$ "$mss&e u$er #5e !eer" rues o4 ev$e6e K #"! #o "66ou#

#5e surrou$! 6r6ums#"6es "$ #5e #es# o4 re"so #5"# ;e 6" use "s &"s6

mmum "$mss&#3 reureme#. I #5e 2rese# 6"se, ;e s5ou$ "# e"s#

$e#erme ;5e#5er #5e "sm ev$e6e &e4ore us s reev"# "$ me"!4u #o #5e

$s"22e"r"6e o4 T"!s#s "$ re"so"&3 6oss#e# ;#5 o#5er ev$e6e #5e

6"se.

T5e ev$e6e "&ou# T"!#s 2erso" 6r6ums#"6es surrou$e$ 5m ;#5 "

"r o4 m3s#er3. He ;"s re2u#e$3 " 6osu#"# o4 #5e or$ B" "$ " Seor

Hoor"r3 Couseor 4or #5e IDB ;5o "##e$e$ " sem"r Z"m&o"!" "$#5ere"4#er 2ro6e$e$ #o Joo 4or " over!5# s#"3, $6"#e$ &3 5s reues# #o

uo! 4or #5e 2ur65"se o4 " re#ur #6e# #o Z"m&o"!" #5e $"3 "4#er 5e "rrve$

Joo. Nothin% in the records indicates the p"rpose of his overni%ht so9o"rn in

Jolo. A 6oe"!ue #5e IDB, Pro4. M"#, e"r3 o 4orme$ #5e Joo 2o6e #5"#

T"!#s m"3 5"ve #"e 4u$s !ve #o 5m #rus# 4or IDB s65o"rs. Pro4 M"#

"#er o s#"#e$ #5"# 5e ever "66use$ T"!#s o4 #"! ";"3 moe3 5e$ #rus#,

"#5ou!5 5e 6o4rme$ #5"# #5e IDB ;"s see! "sss#"6e o6"#! 4u$s o4

IDB s65o"rs $e2os#e$ T"!#s 2erso" "66ou#. O#5er #5" #5ese 2e6es o4

ev$e6e, o o#5er 4orm"#o es#s #5e re6or$s re"#! #o #5e 2erso"

6r6ums#"6es o4 T"!#s.



T5e "6#u" $s"22e"r"6e o4 T"!#s s "s mur3 "s 5s 2erso"

6r6ums#"6es. 5e #5e Amparo 2e##o re6#e$ #5"# 5e ;"s #"e ";"3 &3

F&ur3 me &eeve$ #o &e 2o6e #e!e6e o2er"#ves,G o ev$e6e ;5"#soever

;"s #ro$u6e$ #o su22or# #5s "e!"#o. T5us, #5e "v""&e $re6# ev$e6e s#5"# T"!#s ;"s "s# see "# 0'.@) 2.m. o4 O6#o&er @), '))? K #5e $"3 5e "rrve$

Joo K "$ ;"s ever see "!".

T5e "sm ev$e6e "ssumes 6r#6" m"#er"#3 !ve #5e $e"r#5 o4 $re6#

ev$e6e o #5e "&ove "s2e6#s o4 #5e 6"se, "s # su22es #5e !"2s that -ere never

loo6ed into and clarified &3 2o6e ves#!"#o. I# s #5e ev$e6e, #oo, #5"# 6oors

" sm2e mss! 2erso re2or# #o " e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e 6"se, "s # >e6#s #5e

eeme# o4 2"r#62"#o &3 "!e#s o4 #5e S#"#e "$ #5us &r!s #o ues#o 5o;

#5e S#"#e re"6#e$ #o #5e $s"22e"r"6e.

De"s o #5e 2"r# o4 #5e 2o6e "u#5or#es, "$ 4rus#r"#o o #5e 2"r# o4 #5e

res2o$e#, 65"r"6#er<e #5e "##em2#s #o o6"#e T"!#s. I#"3 Joo, #5e 2o6e

4orme$ uo! #5"# T"!#s 6ou$ 5"ve &ee #"e &3 #5e A&u S"33"4 or o#5er

!rou2s 4!5#! #5e !overme#. No evidence -as ever offered on -hether there

-as active Jolo police investi%ation and ho- and -hy the Jolo police arrived at this concl"sion. T5e res2o$e#s o; ur3 Joo 3e$e$ #5e "s;er #5"# 5e

;"s o# mss! &u# ;"s ;#5 "o#5er ;om" some;5ere. A%ain, no evidence

exists that this explanation -as arrived at based on an investi%ation . As "re"$3

re"#e$ "&ove, #5e ur3 ;#5 Co. A6"" Z"m&o"!" 3e$e$ "m&v"e#

resu#s o# use4u 4or ev$e#"r3 2ur2oses. T5us, # ;"s o3 #5e ur3 4rom Co.

"sm #5"# 3e$e$ 2os#ve resu#s. Co. "sms s#or3, 5o;ever, 6o4rme$ o3

#5e 4"6# o4 5s 6us#o$" ves#!"#o 9"$, m2e$3, 5s "rres# or "&$u6#o:,

;#5ou# $e#43! 5s "&$u6#ors or #5e 2"r#3 5o$! 5m 6us#o$3. T5e more

s!46"# 2"r# o4 Co. "sms s#or3 s #5"# #5e "&$u6#o 6"me "4#er T"!#s ;"s

see #"! ;#5 Om"r P"# "$ " 6er#" S"#os o4 Bu"6", " FB" Is"mG

65"r!e$ ;#5 #errorsm. Mrs. T"& me#oe$, #oo, #5"# T"!#s ;"s &e! 5e$ "#

T"2"2"o, Suu. None of the police a%encies participatin% in the investi%ation ever



p"rs"ed these leads. No#"&3, TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS #o ;565 #5s 4orm"#o

;"s re"3e$ $$ o# "22e"r #o 5"ve 4#e$ " 4!er #o 2ursue #5ese "s2e6#s o4 #5e

6"se.

More $e"s ;ere m"4es#e$ #5e Re#urs o #5e ;r# #o #5e CA m"$e &3

#5e 2e##oers. T5e PNP C5e4 7e. Aveo I. R"<o mere3 re2or#e$ #5e

$re6#ves 5e se# #o #5e ARMM Re!o" Dre6#or "$ #5e Re!o" C5e4 o4 #5e

CID7 o T"!#s, "$ #5ese re2or#s mere3 re#er"#e$ #5e o2e-e$e$ #" re2or#

o4 #5e $s"22e"r"6e. T5e CID7 $re6#e$ " se"r65 " o4 #s $vsos ;#5

e!"#ve resu#s. T5ese, #o #5e PNP C5e4, 6os##u#e$ #5e e5"us#o Fo4 "

2oss&e e44or#s.G PNP-CID7 C5e4 7eer" E$!"r$o M. Dorom", 4or 5s 2"r#,

"so re2or#e$ e!"#ve resu#s "4#er se"r65! F" $vsos "$ $e2"r#me#s /o4 #5e

CID71 4or " 2erso "me$ E!r. Mor6e$ N. T"!#s . . . "$ "4#er " $!e# "$

#5orou!5 rese"r65, re6or$s s5o; #5"# o su65 2erso s &e! $e#"e$ #5e CID7

or "3 o4 #s $e2"r#me# or $vsos.G PNP-PACER C5e4 PS Su2#. Leo"r$o A.

Es2" "$ PNP PRO ARMM Re!o" Dre6#or PC Su2er#e$e# Joe R.

7o#"o $$ o &e##er #5er "44$"v#s-re#urs, "s #5e3 esse#"3 re2or#e$ #5e

resu#s o4 #5er $re6#ves #o #5er u#s #o se"r65 4or T"!#s.

T5e e#e# #o ;565 #5e 2o6e "u#5or#es "6#e$ ;"s 4u3 #es#e$ ;5e #5e

CA 6os##u#e$ TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS, ;#5 s2e646 $re6#ves o ;5"# #o

$o. T5e e!"#ve resu#s re4e6#e$ #5e Re#urs o #5e ;r# ;ere "!" re26"#e$

$ur! #5e #5ree 5e"r!s #5e CA s65e$ue$. As$e 4rom #5e 2revous3 me#oe$

Fre#r"6#oG #5"# Pro4. M"# m"$e #o 6orre6# 5s "66us"#o #5"# T"!#s #oo moe3

5e$ #rus# 4or s#u$e#s, PS Su2#. A>rm re#er"#e$ 5s #es#mo3 #5"# #5e CID7

6oss#e#3 $ee$ "3 o;e$!e or 6om26#3 "3 "&$u6#o "$ s"$ #5"#

#5ere ;"s o &"ss #o 6o6u$e #5"# #5e CID7 or "3 2o6e u# 5"$ "3#5! #o $o

;#5 #5e $s"22e"r"6e o4 T"!#s 5e e;se 6os$ere$ # 2rem"#ure #o 6o6u$e

#5"# T"!#s sm23 r" ";"3 ;#5 #5e moe3 5s 6us#o$3. As "re"$3 o#e$

"&ove, #5e TAS =ORCEo#"&3 $$ o# 2ursue "3 ves#!"#o "&ou# #5e

2erso" 6r6ums#"6es o4 T"!#s, 5s &"6!rou$ re"#o #o #5e IDB "$ #5e



&"6!rou$ "$ "6#v#es o4 #5s B" #se4, "$ #5e re2or#e$ s!5#! o4 T"!s#s

;#5 #errors#s "$ 5s "e!e$ 6us#o$3 T"2"2"o, Suu. No "##em2# "22e"rs #o

5"ve ever &ee m"$e #o oo #o #5e "e!e$ IDB 4u$s #5"# T"!#s 5e$ #rus#, or

#o #"2 "3 o4 #5e F"sse#sG ;5o "re $s2es"&e ves#!"#os o4 #5s "#ure.T5ese omssos "$ e!"#ve resu#s ;ere "!!r"v"#e$ &3 #5e CA 4$!s #5"# #

;"s o3 "s "#e "s J"u"r3 '8, '))8 or #5ree mo#5s "4#er #5e $s"22e"r"6e #5"#

#5e 2o6e "u#5or#es reues#e$ 4or 6e"r 26#ures o4 T"!#s. Co. "sm 6ou$ o#

"##e$ #5e #r" &e6"use 5s su&2oe" ;"s o# serve$, $es2#e #5e 4"6# #5"# 5e ;"s

$es!"#e$ "s A>rms re2"6eme# #5e "##ers "s# 2os#. T5us, Co. "sm ;"s

o# #5e ues#oe$. No ves#!"#o K eve " #er" oe K "22e"re$ #o 5"ve

&ee m"$e #o ure #o #5e $e##3 o4 Co. "sms F"sse#G "$ ;5"# 5e $ee$

;ro#e.

' :4'an 1&< a44 )2'(' 0+''( 1 '5+d'n' and d'5'40<'n)( a

n(+()'n3 +n )2' :5'&n<'n)?( d'n+a4 1 an3 <04++)3 +n )2' d+(a00'a&an'

1 Ta:+)+(, d+(&-0)'d n43 ;3 )2' &'0&) <ad' ;3 C4. a(+< ) )2' &'(0nd'n)

a) Ca<0 a)+)+0an. Eve Co. "sm, 5o;ever, eve#u"3 $ee$ #5"# 5e ever

m"$e #5e $s6osure #5"# T"!#s ;"s u$er 6us#o$" ves#!"#o 4or 6om26#3

#errorsm. An)2'& d+()+n)+5' )&a+) )2a) &-n( )2&-:2 )2'(' d'5'40<'n)( +()2' :5'&n<'n)?( d+(<+((+5' a00&a2 ) )2' d+(a00'a&an', s#"r#! 4rom #5e

#" res2ose &3 #5e Joo 2o6e #o uo!s #" re2or#s o4 #5e $s"22e"r"6e,

#o #5e res2oses m"$e #o #5e res2o$e# ;5e s5e 5erse4 re2or#e$ "$ ure$

"&ou# 5er 5us&"$s $s"22e"r"6e, "$ eve "# TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS #se4.

As #5e CA 4ou$ #5rou!5 TAS =ORCE TA7ITIS, #5e ves#!"#o ;"s "#

&es# 5"25"<"r$ s6e #5e "u#5or#es ;ere oo! 4or " m" ;5ose 26#ure #5e3

#"3 $$ o# eve se6ure. T5e re#urs "$ re2or#s m"$e #o #5e CA 4"re$ o

&e##er, "s #5e CID7 e44or#s #5emseves ;ere 6o4e$ #o se"r65! 4or 6us#o$"

re6or$s o4 T"!#s in their vario"s departments and divisions. To 2o# ou# #5e

o&vous, 4 #5e "&$u6#o o4 T"!#s ;"s " F&"6G o2er"#o &e6"use # ;"s

ure6or$e$ or o446"3 u"u#5or<e$, o re6or$ o4 6us#o$3 ;ou$ ever "22e"r



#5e CID7 re6or$s T"!#s, #oo, ;ou$ o# &e $e#"e$ #5e usu" 2o6e or CID7

$e#e#o 2"6es. In (-<, nn' 1 )2' &'0&)( n &'&d n)a+n( an3

<'an+n:1-4 &'(-4)( & d')a+4( n )2' d'0)2 and '>)'n) 1 )2' +n5'()+:a)+n

<ad'. To &e sure, re2or#s o4 #o2 2o6e o446"s $6"#! #5e 2ersoe "$ u#s#5e3 $re6#e$ #o ves#!"#e 6" ever 6os##u#e e5"us#ve "$ me"!4u

ves#!"#o, or eu" $e#"e$ ves#!"#ve re2or#s o4 #5e "6#v#es u$er#"e #o

se"r65 4or T"!#s. I$s2u#"&3, #5e 2o6e "u#5or#es 4rom #5e ver3 &e!!

4"e$ #o 6ome u2 #o #5e e#r"or$"r3 $!e6e #5"# #5e Amparo Rue reures.

CONCLUSIONS AND THE AMPARO REMEDY

B"se$ o #5ese 6os$er"#os, ;e 6o6u$e #5"# Co. "sms $s6osure,

m"$e " u!u"r$e$ mome#, ueuvo6"3 2o# #o some !overme#

6om26#3 #5e $s"22e"r"6e. T5e 6oss#e# &u# u4ou$e$ $e"s "$ #5e

5"25"<"r$ ves#!"#os 6"o# &u# 2o# #o #5s 6o6uso. =or ;53 ;ou$ #5e

!overme# "$ #s o446"s e!"!e #5er 65orus o4 6o6e"me# 4 #5e #e# 5"$

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mo#or! &3 #5e CA K "re s2e646 #o #5s 6"se "$ "re o# s#"$"r$ reme$es #5"#6" &e "22e$ #o ever3 Amparo s#u"#o.

T5e $smss" o4 #5e Amparo 2e##o ;#5 res2e6# #o 7eer" Ae"$er

"o, Comm"$! 7eer", P522e Arm3, "$ 7eer" Ru&e R"4"e, C5e4,

A#-Terrorsm T"s =or6e Come#, Z"m&o"!" C#3, s 5ere&3 AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

ARTURO D. BRION Asso6"#e Jus#6e

E CONCUR*



REYNATO S. PUNOC5e4 Jus#6e

ANTONIO T. CARPIOAsso6"#e Jus#6e

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALESAsso6"#e Jus#6e

PRESBITERO J. =ELASCO, JR.Asso6"#e Jus#6e

TERESITA J. LEONARDO7DE CASTROAsso6"#e Jus#6e

LUCAS P. BERSAMIN Asso6"#e Jus#6e

RENATO C. CORONA Asso6"#e Jus#6e

MINITA =. CHICO7NAZARIO Asso6"#e Jus#6e

ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA Asso6"#e Jus#6e

DIOSDADO M. PERALTA Asso6"#e Jus#6e

MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO Asso6"#e Jus#6e



ROBERTO A. ABAD Asso6"#e Jus#6e

MARTIN S. =ILLARAMA, JR. Asso6"#e Jus#6e

CERTIFICATION

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mailto:[email protected]



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Br. T"5ro$ Be<"r A. Am2"#u"

7EN. COORDINATOR

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Se2#em&er 0, '))(, 5##2%"ssem&3.6oe.#M"."s2Q[Do6ume#sor!

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v6#ms, 2oss&3 eve more. Co$ors e3 mem&ers ;ere #5e !overme#s

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rou!53 0? #o 08@ 6"rre$ ou# 2rm"r3 &3 Jor!e R"4"e V$e"s m#"r3 !overme#. T5e e"6# 65rooo!3o4 #5e re2resso s s# $e&"#e$, "s #r"$e uos#s ;ere #"r!e#e$ 4or "ss"ss"#o "s e"r3 "s 0?@ Is"&e

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"s #5e or! o4 T5e Dr#3 "r. T5e Dr#3 "r, 5##2%e.;e2e$".or!;Dr#3\"r 9"s# vs#e$ Novem&er

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an6a, '@ B.C. T5r$ or$ L.J. 00(,00? 9#er '))@: 6#! Ames#3 I#er"#o", F Disappearances( and

Political 8illin%s$ H"man Ri%hts Crisis of the @Bs, A an"al for Action, 0@ 90:./8?1 C#e$ D"" 7r"6e L. U3, !he Problem of *nforced Disappearances$ *xaminin% the 1rits of Habeas Corp"s,

Amparo and Habeas Data 9')):, 2. 8 9u2u&s5e$ J.D. #5ess, A#eeo $e M"" Uvers#3, o 4e ;#5 #5e

Pro4esso" S65oos L&r"r3, A#eeo $e M"" Uvers#3: 6#! /bon +o"ndation, /nc., Stop the 8illin%s,

Abd"ctions, and /nvol"ntary or *nforced Disappearances in the Philippines, @ 9'))?:./881 /d. "# 0, 6#! Ames#3 I#er"#o" USA, Disappearances$ A 1or6boo6 , 2. 0 9080:./81 /d ./)1 /d. "# 0-0(./01 Es#"&s5e$ &3 resou#o ') 9+++VI: o4 ' =e&ru"r3 08) o4 #5e Commsso o Hum" R!5#s, #5e or!

7rou2 o E4or6e$ or Ivou#"r3 Ds"22e"r"6es ;"s 6re"#e$ ;#5 #5e &"s6 m"$"#e #o "sss# re"#ves #o

"s6er#" #5e 4"#e "$ ;5ere"&ou#s o4 #5er $s"22e"re$ 4"m3 mem&ers. T5e or! 7rou2 e"mes #5e







http://ssrn.com/abstract=1427062


http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/Working%20Docs/Doc05/EDOC10679.htm



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cone



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Condor



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Per%C3%B3n


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativo_Independencia

http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War













http://ssrn.com/abstract=1427062






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Condor






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativo_Independencia

http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War









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o4 #5e U#e$ N"#os H!5 Commssoer 4or Hum" R!5#s ="6# S5ee# No. Rev.@, 22. -0) 9')):, "v""&e

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vs#e$ Novem&er 0', ')):.

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1rit of Amparo, (' ATENEO L.J. (,?( 9'))?:. T5e Comm##ee, 6os$er! " $e4#o 4or #5e 6o6e2# o4

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Persos 4rom E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6e "$ #5e I#er"#o" Cove#o 4or #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom

E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6e./(1 /d./1See House B No. ))@' e##e$, An Act Definin% and Penali#in% *nforced or /nvol"ntary Disappearance and

for 4ther P"rposes, 4e$ &3 Re2rese#"#ve E$6e L"!m" o Ju3 ', '))? "$ House B ''@ e##e$, An Act

Definin% and Penali#in% the Crime of *nforced or /nvol"ntary Disappearance 4e$ &3 Re2rese#"#ve S"#ur

O6"m2o e# "./?1See Se"#e B No. 0@)? e##e$, An Act Definin% and Penali#in% *nforced or /nvol"ntary Disappearance and

for 4ther P"rposes, 4e$ &3 Se"#or =r"6s Es6u$ero o Ju3 ', '))? "$ Se"#e B No. '0)?

e##e$, *nforced or /nvol"ntary Disappearance Act of BB, 4e$ &3 Se"#or Mr"m De4esor S"#"!o o

M"r65 , '))8./81 S"pra o#e , "# 80./1 Per2e#r"#ors o4 e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6es m"3 &e 2e"<e$ 4or #5e 6rme o4 arbitrary detention u$er Ar#6e 0'

o4 #5e Revse$ Pe" Co$e or 6idnappin% and serio"s ille%al detention u$er Ar#6e '? o4 #5e Revse$ Pe"

Co$e. See s"pra o#e 8?, "# 0./0))1 CONSTITUTION, Ar#6e VIII, Se6#o (./0)01

S"pra o#e 0, "# 0./0)'1 S"pra o#e 8./0)@1ARES0@@, ') De6em&er 0?, "v""&e "# 5##2%;;;.u.or!.$o6ume#s!"res@@"res@@([email protected]$4 9"s#

vs#e$ Novem&er 0', ')):./0)1 S"pra o#e ?'./0)(1 7.A. Res. 00??, UN Do6. ARES00?? 9De6em&er '), ')):./0)1 See Sus" M6Cror3, !he /nternational Convention for the Protection of All Persons from *nforced

Disappearances, ? Hum. R#s. L. Rev. ((,(? 9'))?:. Ue #5e De6"r"#o, #5e Cove#o s " e!"3

&$! s#rume# 4or #5e s#"#es #o r"#43 #. T5e Cove#o s5" e#er #o 4or6e "4#er r"#46"#o &3 ') s#"#e

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5"ve r"#4e$ #5e Cove#o. Curre#3, #5e s#"#e 2"r#es #o #5e Cove#o "re o3 A&"", Ar!e#", Bov",

Cu&", E6u"$or, =r"6e, 7erm"3, Ho$ur"s, J"2", "<"5s#", M", Me6o, N!er", See!", S2" "$

Uru!u"3. See S#"#us o4 #5e I#er"#o" Cove#o 4or #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom E4or6e$Ds"22e"r"6e "#5##2%#re"#es.u.or!2"!esVe;De#"s."s2Qsr6[TREAT_m#$s!-5o[v-

08_65"2#er[_"![e 9"s# vs#e$ Novem&er 0', ')):. A# 2rese#, #5e P522es s e#5er " s!"#or3 or

" s#"#e 2"r#3 #o #5e Cove#o./0)?1 Ar#6e 0, Y 0 o4 #5e Cove#o s#"#es #5"# F/1o oe s5" &e su&>e6#e$ #o e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e.G/0)81 A o-$ero!"&e r!5# s " r!5# #5"# m"3 o# &e res#r6#e$ or sus2e$e$, eve #mes o4 ;"r or o#5er 2u&6

emer!e63 9i.e., #5e r!5# #o 4e "$ #5e r!5# #o &e 4ree 4rom #or#ure: s"pra o#e 0.

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,REFERENCE,OHCHR,THEMREPORT,,4794774bd,0.html


http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/docs/A.HRC.10.9.pdf













http://www.un.org./documents/ga/res/33/ares335173.pdf




http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg-ho=iv-168&chapter=4&lang=en




http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,REFERENCE,OHCHR,THEMREPORT,,4794774bd,0.html














http://www.un.org./documents/ga/res/33/ares335173.pdf










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se2"r"#e "6#o 6oo2er"#o ;#5 #5e Or!"<"#o 4or #5e "65eveme# o4 #5e 2ur2oses se# 4or#5 Ar#6e ((.G/00@1 See +ilarti%a v. Pena'/rala, @) =.'$ 8? 9'$ Cr. 08):./001 Ar#6e 0, Y 0, De6"r"#o o #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6e s"pra o#e ?'./00(1 CONSTITUTION, Ar#6e II, Se6#o ' s#"#es%

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su22e$1/001 7.R. No. 0?@)@, O6#o&er , '))?, (@( SCRA '(, '8./00?1 /d. "# ') 6#! i9ares v. Ranada, 7.R. No. 0@@'(, A2r 0', '))(, (( SCRA @?./0081 I" Bro;e, Principles of P"blic /nternational a-, #5 e$., 2. (./001 /d. "# ./0')1 Jo"u 7. Ber"s, SJ, An /ntrod"ction to P"blic /nternational a-, 0s# e$., 2. 8./0'01 Ao3sus P. L"m<o, !he 3enerally Accepted Principles of /nternational a- as Philippine a-$ !o-ards a

Str"ct"rally Consistent =se of C"stomary /nternational a- in Philippine Co"rts,? ATENEO L.J. '@,

@?) 9'))':./0''1 S"pra o#e 8@./0'@1 Ar#6e 0, Y 0 o4 #5e I#er-Amer6" Cove#o o E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6es. Ar#6e II o4 #5e I#er-Amer6"

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;5"#ever ;"3, 2er2e#r"#e$ &3 "!e#s o4 #5e s#"#e or &3 2ersos or !rou2s 2ersos "6#! ;#5 #5e "u#5or<"#o,

su22or#, or "6ues6e6e o4 #5e s#"#e, 4oo;e$ &3 " "&se6e o4 4orm"#o or " re4us" #o "6o;e$!e #5"#

$e2rv"#o o4 4ree$om, or #o !ve 4orm"#o o #5e ;5ere"&ou#s o4 #5"# 2erso, #5ere&3 m2e$! 5s or 5er re6ourse #o #5e "226"&e reme$es "$ 2ro6e$ur" !u"r"#ees.G

/0'1 S"pra o#e 8@./0'(1 See Ju$!me# o4 #5e Su2reme Cour# o4 Ne2" r# No. @(?(, 0)), 0), @'@, ()), (, 0, 0((, 0', 0, 0?,

?, 00), 000, 0', '00, '(), ''@, '', @?8, 08, 8(, 0?, @', @(, (9)))': ))), '(88))@8, Jue 0, '))?./0'1 '? Eur. H.R. Re2. @?@ 908:./0'?1 S"pra o#e 8@./0'81 T5e =ore! Re"#os L"; o4 #5e U#e$ S#"#es./0'1 Amer6" L"; Is##u#e, Restatement of the a-, the !hird, the +orei%n Relations a- of the =nited

States, 08?, Vo. ', Y?)'./0@)1 @) =.'$ 8? 9'$ Cr. 08):.

/0@01 7eer" Comme# No. @0 /8)1, Y08, !he Nat"re of the 3eneral e%al 4bli%ation /mposed on States Parties to

the Covenant , CCPRC'0Rev.0A$$.0@., "$o2#e$ o M"r65 ', '))./0@'1 U$er Ar#6e ? 90: o4 #5e Rome S#"#u#e, e4or6e$ $s"22e"r"6e, #5e s3s#em"#6 2r"6#6e o4 ;565 6" &e " 6rme

"!"s# 5um"#3, s #5e F"rres#, $e#e#o or "&$u6#o o4 2ersos &3, or ;#5 #5e "u#5or<"#o, su22or# or



















































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4ree$om or #o !ve 4orm"#o o #5e 4"#e or ;5ere"&ou#s o4 #5ose 2ersos, ;#5 #5e #e#o o4 remov! #5em

4rom #5e 2ro#e6#o o4 #5e "; 4or " 2roo!e$ 2ero$ o4 #me.G See Jo" Lou P. 7"m&o", Creative R"le'a6in%

/n Response !o Deficiencies of *xistin% Remedies, Vo. LII, U.S.T. LA REV, "# (? 9'))?-'))8:./0@@1 or! 7rou2 o E4or6e$ or Ivou#"r3 Ds"22e"r"6e 7eer" Comme#, *nforced Disappearance as a

Crime A%ainst H"manity, Y 0', 2. '.

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2ur2ose o4 #5s S#"#u#e 6rme "!"s# 5um"#3 me"s "3 o4 #5e 4oo;! "6#s ;5e 6omm##e$ "s 2"r# o4 "

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"re o# 6ove#os su65 "s%

0: T5e Bo$3 o4 Pr62"s 4or #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos u$er A3 =orm o4 De#e#o or Im2rsome#

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Tre"#me# o4 Prsoers

@: T5e Pr62es o #5e E44e6#ve Preve#o "$ Ives#!"#o o4 E#r"-Le!", Ar&#r"r3 "$

Summ"r3 Ee6u#os "$

: T5e De6"r"#o o #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6es. /d .

/0@?1 S"pra o#e 0@0./0@81 /d ./0@1 7.R. No. 08)), O6#o&er ?, '))8, (8 SCRA 0, (?-(8./0)1 8"rt v. !"r6ey 90: '? E.H.R.R. @?@./001Irum T", Ad9"dicatin% Disappearance Cases in !"r6ey, An Ar%"ment for Adoptin% the /nter'American Co"rt of

H"man Ri%hts Approach, ' =or$5"m I# L.J. ), (- 9'))0:./0'1 Ju" E. Me$e< _ Jose M!ue Vv"6o, Disappearances and the /nter'American Co"rt$ Reflections on a

iti%ation *xperience, 0@ H"me L. Rev. ()? 90):./0@1

S"pra o#e 00./01 S"pra o#e 0@./0(1 S"pra o#e 00./01 IA Cour# H.R. Ve"sue< Ro$r!ue< C"se, Ju$!me# o4 Ju3 ', 088, Seres C No. ./0?1 S"pra o#e 0', "# ((?./081 S"pra o#e 00./01 S"pra o#e 0', "# ()./0()1 /d ./0(01 P5. @(, @ 90):, 6#! Consolidated *dison Co. v. National abor Relations 7oard , ( S. C#. '), 8@

L";. E$. No. , A$v. O2., 2. 0@0./0('1 S"pra o#e 0@./0(@1

S"pra o#e 0./0(1 T5e ove, #;o-s#e2 2ro6ess voves% =rs#, " 6om2""# mus# 2rove #5"# #5e !overme# e!"!e$ "

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IACHR 6ou$ 2resume !overme# "&#3 4or #5e $s"22e"r"6e. See Irum T", Ad9"dicatin% Disappearance

Cases in !"r6ey, An Ar%"ment for Adoptin% the /nter'American Co"rt of H"man Ri%hts Approach, ' =or$5"m

I# L.J. ) 9'))0:.















































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9 #es#mo3 o4 Ze"$" Vesue<. See "so #es#mo3 o4 R"m^ Cus#o$o L^2e<:.

0)8. T5s ;#ess 4orme$ #5e Cour# #5"# Co. Leo$"s Torres Ar"s, ;5o 5"$ &ee 5e"$ o4 Ho$ur" m#"r3 #e!e6e, "ou6e$ " 2ress 6o4ere6e Me6o C#3 #5"# M"4re$oVesue< ;"s $"22e$ &3 " s2e6" su"$ro 6omm"$e$ &3 C"2#. Ae"$er Her$e<, ;5o

;"s 6"rr3! ou# #5e $re6# or$ers o4 7eer" 7us#"vo Av"re< M"r#]e< 9#es#mo3 o4 Ze"$"

Vesue< :./0(1 7o&$ S!5 Se#5, !he *"ropean Co"rt of H"man Ri%hts J"rispr"dence on /ss"es of *nforced

Disappearances, 8 NO. @ Hum. R#s. Bre4 ' 9'))0:.

/0(?1 A.M. No. ))--)?-SC, De6em&er 0(, ')))./0(81 Se6#o '8 o4 #5e Rue o E"m"#o o4 " C5$ #ess s#"#es%

SEC. '8. Hearsay exception in child ab"se cases . K A s#"#eme# m"$e &3 " 65$ $es6r&! "3 "6#

or "##em2#e$ "6# o4 65$ "&use, o# o#5er;se "$mss&e u$er #5e 5e"rs"3 rue, m"3 &e "$m##e$ ev$e6e "3 6rm" or o-6rm" 2ro6ee$! su&>e6# #o #5e 4oo;! rues%

9": Be4ore su65 5e"rs"3 s#"#eme# m"3 &e "$m##e$, #s 2ro2oe# s5" m"e o; #o #5e "$verse

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#5e 65$ s "v""&e, #5e 6our# s5", u2o mo#o o4 #5e "$verse 2"r#3, reure #5e 65$ #o &e 2rese# "# #5e

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u"v""&e, #5e 4"6# o4 su65 6r6ums#"6e mus# &e 2rove$ &3 #5e 2ro2oe#.

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4oo;! 4"6#ors%

90: 5e#5er #5ere s " mo#ve #o e

9': T5e !eer" 65"r"6#er o4 #5e $e6"r"# 65$

9@: 2')2'& <&' )2an n' 0'&(n 2'a&d )2' ()a)'<'n)

9: 2')2'& )2' ()a)'<'n) 9a( (0n)an'-(

9(: T2' )+<+n: 1 )2' ()a)'<'n) and )2' &'4a)+n(2+0 ;')9''n )2' d'4a&an) 2+4d and

9+)n'((9: Cross-e"m"#o 6ou$ o# s5o; #5e "6 o4 o;e$!e o4 #5e $e6"r"# 65$

9?: T5e 2oss&#3 o4 4"u#3 re6oe6#o o4 #5e $e6"r"# 65$ s remo#e "$

@" T2' +&-<()an'( (-&&-nd+n: )2' ()a)'<'n) a&' (-2 )2a) )2'&' +( n &'a(n )(-00(' )2' d'4a&an) 2+4d <+(&'0&'('n)'d )2' +n545'<'n) 1 )2' a-('d. /Em25"ss

su22e$1/0(1 Ar#6e ' o4 #5e I#er"#o" Cove#o 4or #5e Pro#e6#o o4 A Persos 4rom E4or6e$ Ds"22e"r"6e./0)1 Sus" M6Cror3, !he /nternational Convention +or the Protection of All Persons from *nforced

Disappearances, ? Hum. R#s. L. Rev. (( 9'))?:.















/001 TSN, J"u"r3 ?, '))8, 22. '@-'./0'1 TSN, J"u"r3 0?, '))8, 22. 8-()./0@1 /d . "# ('./01 /d . "# ./0(1 TSN, =e&ru"r3 00, '))8, 22. @'-@(./01

/d . "# @./0?1 S"pra o#e )./081 People v. odelo, L- '0, O6#o&er @), 0?), @( SCRA @, @./01 People v. )inas, L-'0?(, O6#o&er '8, 08, '( SCRA 8', 8./0?)1 People v. Alviar, L-@''?, Se2#em&er 0', 0?, ( SCRA 0@, 0(@-0(./0?01 Se6#o @ o4 Rue 0@0 o4 #5e RULES O= COURT 2rov$es%

T5e 4oo;! 2resum2#os "re s"#s4"6#or3 4 u6o#r"$6#e$, &u# m"3 &e 6o#r"$6#e$ "$ over6ome &3

o#5er ev$e6e%

9e: T5"# ev$e6e ;4u3 su22resse$ ;ou$ &e "$verse$ 4 2ro$u6e$.

See etroban6 E !r"st Company v. Co"rt of Appeals, 7.R. No. 0''8, Jue 8, '))), @@@ SCRA '0', '0-'')

M"" B"3 Cu& Cor2or"#o v. Cour# o4 A22e"s, ' SCRA @)@, @) 90(:./0?'1 See RULES O= COURT, Rue 0@), Se6#o @./0?@1 S"pra o#e 0)./0?1 9'@(@0: /')))1 ECHR ''0 90@ Jue '))):./0?(1 A A6# Es#"&s5! #5e P522e N"#o" Po6e U$er " Reor!"<e$ De2"r#me# o4 #5e I#eror "$ Lo6"

7overme# "$ 4or O#5er Pur2oses./0?1 S"pra o#e ./0??1 See C/D3 Profile, "v""&e "#% 5##2%;;;.22.!ov.25"&ou#6o#e#o446es6e#r"6$!6o#e#6$!.5#m 9"s#

vs#e$ Novem&er 0', ')):.

s#e$ Novem&er 0', ')):.


















http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/offices/central/cidg/content/cidg.html


















http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/offices/central/cidg/content/cidg.html



Se$retary o% Natio!al &e%e!se vs. 'a!alo, 568 SCRA 1 , ($tober 0),

2008

Case Title : TE SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, TE CIEF OF STAFF,ARMED FORCES OF TE PILIPPINES, !"#$#$%n"&', ('. RAYMOND MANALOand REYNALDO MANALO, &"'!%nd"n#'Case Nature : PETITION %& &"($"

%n -"&#$%&a&$ % a d"-$'$%n % #)" C%*&# % A!!"a2'.Syllabi Class : &$# % A+!a&% 5Syllabi :

1. Writ of Amparo ; Supreme Court ; Words and hrases ; !"#tralegal

$illings% and !"nforced Disappearances,% Defined ; The promulgation

of the Amparo &ule was an e#ercise for the first time of the Supreme

Court's e#panded power to promulgate rules to protect our people's

constitutional rights, which made its maiden appearance in the ()*+

Constitution in response to the ilipino e#perience of the martial law

regime ; The Amparo &ule was intended to address the intractable

problem of !e#tralegal -illings% and !enforceddisappearances% ; !"#tralegal -illings% are !-illings committed

without due process of law, i.e., without legal safeguards or /udicial

proceedings,% while enforced disappearances% are !attended by the

following characteristics0 an arrest, detention or abduction of a

person by a government official or organi1ed groups or private

individuals acting with the direct or indirect ac2uiescence of the

government ; the refusal of the !tate to disclose the fate or whereabouts of

the person concerned or a refusal to ac6nowledge the deprivation of liberty

which places such persons outside the protection of law.7 +

2. Same ; The writ of amparo is a tool that gives voice to preys of silentguns and prisoners behind secret walls.+3. Same ; roduction 3rders ; Searches and Sei1ures ; The production

order under the Amparo #ule should not be confused with a search warrant

for law enforcement under Article ///, !ection % of the $589 &onstitution+. Same ; Same ; There need not necessarily be a depravation of liberty for

the right to security of person to be invo6ed.+5. Same ; Same ; Words and hrases ; /n the Amparo conte(t, it is more

correct to say that the right to security7 is actually the freedom from

threat7 +

6. Same ; &ight to Security ; ermutations of the &ight to Security ; Acloser loo6 at the right to security of person would yield various

permutations of the e(ercise of this right: ;irst, the right to security of

person is freedom from fear,7 !econd, the right to security of person is a

guarantee of bodily and psychological integrity or security, and, Third, the

right to security of person is a guarantee of protection of ones rights by the

government.+

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/reader/345769873865/ALA388-rw/



http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Supreme%20Court/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Words%20and%20Phrases/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20%E2%80%9CExtralegal%20Killings%E2%80%9D%20and%20%E2%80%9CEnforced%20Disappearances,%E2%80%9D%20Defined/


http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20The%20promulgation%20of%20the%20Amparo%20Rule%20was%20an%20exercise%20for%20the%20first%20time%20of%20the%20Supreme%20Court%E2%80%99s%20expanded%20power%20to%20promulgate%20rules%20to%20protect%20our%20people%E2%80%99s%20constitutional%20rights,%20which%20made%20its%20maiden%20appearance%20in%20the%201987%20Constitution%20in%20response%20to%20the%20Filipino%20experience%20of%20the%20martial%20law%20regime/






http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20The%20Amparo%20Rule%20was%20intended%20to%20address%20the%20intractable%20problem%20of%20%E2%80%9Cextralegal%20killings%E2%80%9D%20and%20%E2%80%9Cenforced%20disappearances%E2%80%9D/



http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20%E2%80%9CExtralegal%20killings%E2%80%9D%20are%20%E2%80%9Ckillings%20committed%20without%20due%20process%20of%20law,%20i.e.,%20without%20legal%20safeguards%20or%20judicial%20proceedings,%E2%80%9D%20while%20enforced%20disappearances%E2%80%9D%20are%20%E2%80%9Cattended%20by%20the%20following%20characteristics:%20an%20arrest,%20detention%20or%20abduction%20of%20a%20person%20by%20a%20government%20official%20or%20organized%20groups%20or%20private%20individuals%20acting%20with%20the%20direct%20or%20indirect%20acquiescence%20of%20the%20government/







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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Production%20Orders/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Searches%20and%20Seizures/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Right%20to%20Security/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Permutations%20of%20the%20Right%20to%20Security/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Permutations%20of%20the%20Right%20to%20Security/

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). Same ; Due rocess Clause ; While the right to life under Article

444, Section ( of the Constitution gurantees essentially the right to

be alive, the right to security of person is a guarantee of the secure

2uality of this life ; /n a broad sense, the right to security of person

emanates in a persons legal and uninterrupted en*oyment of his life, his

limbs, his body, his health, and his reputation, including the right to e(ist,and the right to en*oyment of life while e(isting, and it is invaded not only

by a deprivation of life but also of those things which are necessary to the

en*oyment of life according to the nature, temperament, and lawful desires

of the individual.7 +8. Same ; &ight to Security ; Searches and Sei1ures ; The right to

security or the right to security of person finds a te(tual hoo6 in Article ///,

!ection % of the $589 &onstitution, and at the core of this guarantee is the

immunity of ones person, including the e(tensions of his)her person+9. Same ; "vidence ; <ith the secret nature of an enforced disappearance

and the torture perpetrated on the victim during detention, it logically holdsthat much of the information and evidence of the ordeal will come from the

victims themselves, and the veracity of their account will depend on their

credibility and candidness in their written and)or oral statements.+10. Same ; 5rave Abuse Clause ; Habeas Corpus ; <hile constitutional

rights can be protected under the rave Abuse &lause through remedies of

in*unction or prohibition under #ule "= of the #ules of &ourt and a petition

for habeas corpus under #ule $1%, these remedies may not be adeuate to

address the pestering problem of e(tralegal 6illings and enforced

disappearances+

11. Same ; urposes of the Writ of Amparo ; /n >atin American countries,e(cept &uba, the writ of Amparo has been constitutionally adopted to

protect against human rights abuses especially committed in countries under

military *untas.+12. Same ; Words and hrases ; The writ of Amparo originated in ?e(ico

and Amparo7 literally means protection7 in !panish.+

NATURE: Petition (or Revie& on Certior$ri

PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND:

4. Supreme Court: Petition (or Pro+i1ition, In0#n*tion, $n" Te)por$r- Restr$inin Or"er?. Supreme Court: M$ni(est$tion $n" O)ni1#s Motion to tre$t t+eir E/istin Petition $s A)p$ro

Petition

:. Court of Appeals: Upon or"er o( t+e S#pre)e Co#rt, t+e Co#rt o( Appe$%s s#))$ri%- +e$r"

t+e Petition o( A)p$ro. T+ere$(ter, t+e Co#rt o( Appe$%s iss#e" $ 0#")ent &+i*+ is t+e s#10e*t o(

t+e present Petition (or Revie& on Certior$ri.

FACTS:


http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Due%20Process%20Clause/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20While%20the%20right%20to%20life%20under%20Article%20III,%20Section%201%20of%20the%20Constitution%20gurantees%20essentially%20the%20right%20to%20be%20alive,%20the%20right%20to%20security%20of%20person%20is%20a%20guarantee%20of%20the%20secure%20quality%20of%20this%20life/




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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Evidence/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Grave%20Abuse%20Clause/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Habeas%20Corpus/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Purposes%20of%20the%20Writ%20of%20Amparo/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Due%20Process%20Clause/




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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Evidence/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Grave%20Abuse%20Clause/

http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Habeas%20Corpus/

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http://www.central.com.ph/escra/searchsyllabi/%20Purposes%20of%20the%20Writ%20of%20Amparo/

http://void%280%29/



http://void%280%29/



On 46 e1r#$r- ?889, $t p$st noon, R$-)on" M$n$%o @+ere$(ter re(erre" to $s R$-)on"K $n"

Re-n$%"o M$n$%o @+ere$(ter re(erre" to $s Re-n$%"oK &ere $1"#*te" 1- )i%it$r- )en 1e%onin to t+e

Citien Ar)e" or*es Geor$p+i*$% Unit @CAGU on t+e s#spi*ion t+$t t+e- &ere )e)1ers $n"

s#pporters o( t+e Ne& Peop%e’s Ar)- @NPA. A(ter ei+teen @47 )ont+s o( "etention $n" tort#re, t+e

1rot+ers es*$pe" on 4: A##st ?885.

On ?: A##st ?885, R$-)on" $n" Re-n$%"o %e" $ Petition (or Pro+i1ition, In0#n*tion, $n" Te)por$r-

Restr$inin Or"er 1e(ore t+e S#pre)e Co#rt to stop t+e )i%it$r- o3*ers $n" $ents (ro) "eprivin

t+e) o( t+eir ri+t to %i1ert- $n" ot+er 1$si* ri+ts. In $ Reso%#tion "$te" ?6 A##st ?885, t+e S#pre)e

Co#rt or"ere" t+e Se*ret$r- o( t+e Dep$rt)ent o( N$tion$% De(ense $n" t+e C+ie( o( St$ o( t+e Ar)e"

or*es o( t+e P+i%ippines @AP, t+eir $ents, represent$tives, or persons $*tin in t+eir ste$", $n"

(#rt+er en0oine" t+e) (ro) *$#sin t+e $rrest o( R$-)on" $n" Re-n$%"o. ort+&it+, t+e- %e" $

M$ni(est$tion $n" O)ni1#s Motion to Tre$t E/istin Petition $s A)p$ro Petition, to A")it S#pportin

A3"$vits, $n" to Gr$nt Interi) $n" in$% A)p$ro Re%ie(s.

W+i%e t+e $(ore)entione" *$se &$s pen"in, t+e R#%e on t+e Writ o( A)p$ro tooJ ee*t on ?6 O*to1er

?885. R$-)on" $n" Re-n$%"o s#1se;#ent%- %e" $ )$ni(est$tion $n" o)ni1#s )otion to tre$t t+eire/istin peti tion $s $)p$ro petition.

On ?> O*to1er ?885, t+e S#pre)e Co#rt reso%ve" to tre$t t+e ?: A##st ?885 Petition $s $ petition

#n"er t+e A)p$ro R#%e. T+e S#pre)e Co#rt %iJe&ise r$nte" t+e Writ o( A)p$ro $n" re)$n"e" t+e

petition to t+e Co#rt o( Appe$%s to *on"#*t t+e s#))$r- +e$rin $n" "e*i"e t+e petition.

On ?9 De*e)1er ?885, t+e Co#rt o( Appe$%s r$nte" t+e privi%ee o( t+e &rit o( $)p$ro. T+e Co#rt o(

Appe$%s or"ere" t+e Se*ret$r- o( N$tion$% De(ense $n" t+e C+ie( o( St$ o( t+e AP to (#rnis+ t+e

M$n$%os $n" t+e *o#rt &it+ $%% o3*i$% $n" #no3*i$% investi$tion reports $s to t+e *#sto"- o( R$-)on"

$n" Re-n$%"o, *onr) t+e present p%$*es o( o3*i$% $ssin)ent o( t&o )i%it$r- o3*i$%s invo%ve", $n"

pro"#*e $%% )e"i*$% reports $n" re*or"s o( R$-)on" $n" Re-n$%"o &+i%e #n"er )i%it$r- *#sto"-.

Arieve", t+e Se*ret$r- o( N$tion$% De(ense $n" t+e C+ie( o( St$ o( t+e AP %e" $n $ppe$% &it+ t+e

S#pre)e Co#rt.

PERTINENT ISSUES

4. W+et+er or not st$te)ents (ro) t+e vi*ti)s t+e)se%ves is s#3*ient (or $)p$ro petitions.

?. W+et+er or not $*t#$% "epriv$tion o( %i1ert- is ne*ess$r- (or t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( $ person

)$- 1e invoJe".

ANSWER:4. It "epen"s on t+e *re"i1i%it- $n" *$n"i"ness o( t+e vi*ti)s in t+eir st$te)ents.

?. No.

SUPREME COURT RULNGS:

!" ON E#DENCE RE$URED ON AMPARO PETTONS

Efect o the nature o enorced disappearance and torture to the quantum o evidence

required – Wit+ t+e se*ret n$t#re o( $n en(or*e" "is$ppe$r$n*e $n" t+e tort#re perpetr$te" on t+e

vi*ti) "#rin "etention, it %oi*$%%- +o%"s t+$t )#*+ o( t+e in(or)$tion $n" evi"en*e o( t+e or"e$% &i%%



*o)e (ro) t+e vi*ti)s t+e)se%ves, $n" t+e ver$*it- o( t+eir $**o#nt &i%% "epen" on t+eir *re"i1i%it-

$n" *$n"i"ness in t+eir &ritten $n"or or$% st$te)ents. T+eir st$te)ents *$n 1e *orro1or$te" 1- ot+er

evi"en*e s#*+ $s p+-si*$% evi"en*e %e(t 1- t+e tort#re t+e- s#ere" or %$n")$rJs t+e- *$n i"enti(- in

t+e p%$*es &+ere t+e- &ere "et$ine". W+ere po&er(#% )i%it$r- o3*ers $re i)p%i*$te", t+e +esit$tion o(

&itnesses to s#r($*e $n" testi(- $$inst t+e) *o)es $s no s#rprise.

%" ON RG&T TO SECURT' AS A GROUND FOR AMPARO PETTON

Permutations o the Right to Security – A *%oser %ooJ $t t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person &o#%" -ie%"

v$rio#s per)#t$tions o( t+e e/er*ise o( t+is ri+t. irst, t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person is (ree"o) (ro)

(e$r.K In its &+ere$sK *%$#ses, t+e Univers$% De*%$r$tion o( H#)$n Ri+ts @UDHR en#n*i$tes t+$t $

&or%" in &+i*+ +#)$n 1eins s+$%% en0o- (ree"o) o( spee*+ $n" 1e%ie( $n" (ree"o) (ro) (e$r $n" &$nt

+$s 1een pro*%$i)e" $s t+e +i+est $spir$tion o( t+e *o))on peop%e.K So)e s*+o%$rs post#%$te t+$t

(ree"o) (ro) (e$rK is not on%- $n $spir$tion$% prin*ip%e, 1#t essenti$%%- $n in"ivi"#$% intern$tion$%

+#)$n ri+t. It is t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( personK $s t+e &or" se*#rit-K itse%( )e$ns (ree"o) (ro)

(e$r.K Arti*%e : o( t+e UDHR provi"es, vi Ever-one +$s t+e ri+t to %i(e, %i1ert- $n" se*#rit- o( person.

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Se*on", t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person is $ #$r$ntee o( 1o"i%- $n" ps-*+o%oi*$% interit- or se*#rit-.Arti*%e III, Se*tion II o( t+e 475 Constit#tion #$r$ntees t+$t, $s $ ener$% r#%e, one’s 1o"- *$nnot 1e

se$r*+e" or inv$"e" &it+o#t $ se$r*+ &$rr$nt. P+-si*$% in0#ries ini*te" in t+e *onte/t o( e/tr$%e$%

Ji%%ins $n" en(or*e" "is$ppe$r$n*es *onstit#te )ore t+$n $ se$r*+ or inv$sion o( t+e 1o"-. It )$-

*onstit#te "is)e)1er)ent, p+-si*$% "is$1i%ities, $n" p$in(#% p+-si*$% intr#sion. As t+e "eree o(

p+-si*$% in0#r- in*re$ses, t+e "$ner to %i(e itse%( es*$%$tes. Not$1%-, in *ri)in$% %$&, p+-si*$% in0#ries

*onstit#te $ *ri)e $$inst persons 1e*$#se t+e- $re $n $ront to t+e 1o"i%- interit- or se*#rit- o( $

person.

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T+ir", t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person is $ #$r$ntee o( prote*tion o( one’s ri+ts 1- t+e overn)ent. Int+e *onte/t o( t+e &rit o( $)p$ro, t+is ri+t is 1#i%t into t+e #$r$ntees o( t+e ri+t to %i(e $n" %i1ert-

#n"er Arti*%e III, Se*tion 4 o( t+e 475 Constit#tion $n" t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person @$s (ree"o) (ro)

t+re$t $n" #$r$ntee o( 1o"i%- $n" ps-*+o%oi*$% interit- #n"er Arti*%e III, Se*tion ?. T+e ri+t to

se*#rit- o( person in t+is t+ir" sense is $ *oro%%$r- o( t+e po%i*- t+$t t+e St$te #$r$ntees (#%% respe*t

(or +#)$n ri+tsK #n"er Arti*%e II, Se*tion 44 o( t+e 475 Constit#tion. As t+e overn)ent is t+e *+ie(

#$r$ntor o( or"er $n" se*#rit-, t+e Constit#tion$% #$r$ntee o( t+e ri+ts to %i(e, %i1ert- $n" se*#rit- o(

person is ren"ere" inee*tive i( overn)ent "oes not $or" prote*tion to t+ese ri+ts espe*i$%%- &+en

t+e- $re #n"er t+re$t. Prote*tion in*%#"es *on"#*tin ee*tive investi$tions, or$ni$tion o( t+e

overn)ent $pp$r$t#s to e/ten" prote*tion to vi*ti)s o( e/tr$%e$% Ji%%ins or en(or*e" "is$ppe$r$n*es

@or t+re$ts t+ereo( $n"or t+eir ($)i%ies, $n" 1rinin oen"ers to t+e 1$r o( 0#sti*e.

Freedom rom ear as a right – In t+e *onte/t o( Se*tion 4 o( t+e A)p$ro R#%e, (ree"o) (ro) (e$rK

is t+e ri+t $n" $n- t+re$t to t+e ri+ts to %i(e, %i1ert- or se*#rit- is t+e $*tion$1%e &ron. e$r is $ st$te

o( )in", $ re$*tion' t+re$t is $ sti)#%#s, $ *$#se o( $*tion. e$r *$#se" 1- t+e s$)e sti)#%#s *$n

r$ne (ro) 1ein 1$se%ess to &e%%(o#n"e" $s peop%e re$*t "ierent%-. T+e "eree o( (e$r *$n v$r- (ro)

one person to $not+er &it+ t+e v$ri$tion o( t+e pro%i*$*- o( t+eir i)$in$tion, strent+ o( *+$r$*ter or

p$st e/perien*e &it+ t+e sti)#%#s. T+#s, in t+e $)p$ro *onte/t, it is )ore *orre*t to s$- t+$t t+e ri+t

to se*#rit-K is $*t#$%%- t+e (ree"o) (ro) t+re$t.K ie&e" in t+is %i+t, t+e t+re$tene" &it+ vio%$tionK



C%$#se in t+e %$tter p$rt o( Se*tion 4 o( t+e A)p$ro R#%e is $ (or) o( vio%$tion o( t+e ri+t to se*#rit-

)entione" in t+e e$r%ier p$rt o( t+e provision.

Deprivation o liberty is not necessary beore the right to security may be invoked – W+i%e

t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person $ppe$rs in *on0#n*tion &it+ t+e ri+t to %i1ert- #n"er Arti*%e , t+e

Co))ittee +$s r#%e" t+$t t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person *$n e/ist in"epen"ent%- o( t+e ri+t to %i1ert-.

In ot+er &or"s, t+ere nee" not ne*ess$ri%- 1e $ "epriv$tion o( %i1ert- (or t+e ri+t to se*#rit- o( person

to 1e invoJe".

DSPOST#E:

T+e S#pre)e Co#rt "is)isse" t+e petition $n" $3r)e" t+e De*ision o( t+e Co#rt o( Appe$%s "$te" ?9

De*e)1er ?885.