Cases for Property Law

8/11/2019 Cases for Property Law

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LOPEZ V. OROSA AND PLAZA THEATREG.R. Nos. L-10817-18 February 28 1!"8

FA#TS$-Pe%&%&o'er Lo(e) *as e'+a+e, &' ,o&'+ bus&'essu',er %e %ra,e 'ae Lo(e)-#as%e/o Sa*&//.

Orosa a res&,e'% o %e sae (ro&'e as Lo(e)&'&%e, %e /a%%er %o a3e a' &'es%e'% &' %e%ea%re bus&'ess. Lo(e) ,e/&'e, %o &'es% bu%a+ree, %o su((/y %e /uber 'eessary or %eo's%ru%&o' o %e (ro(ose, %ea%re. Tey a,a' ora/ a+reee'% %a% Orosa *ou/, be(erso'a//y /&ab/e or a'y aou'% %a% %e sa&,o's%ru%&o' &+% &'ur a', %a% (aye'% *ou/,be o' ,ea', a', 'o% as o' ,e/&ery bas&s.

Lo(e) ,e/&ere, %e *& *as use, oro's%ru%&o' aou'%&'+ %o P422"".8". He *as(a&, o'/y P20858."0 /ea&'+ a ba/a'e oP51771.6".

Te /a', o' *& %e bu&/,&'+ *as ere%e,(re&ous/y o*'e, by Orosa *as /a%er o' au&re,by %e or(ora%&o'.

. As Lo(e) *as (ress&'+ Orosa or (aye'% %e/a%%er a', (res&,e'% o %e or(ora%&o' (ro&se,%o ob%a&' a ba'3 /oa' by or%+a+&'+ %e(ro(er%&es o %e P/a)a Tea%re. ou% o *& %eu'(a&, ba/a'e *ou/, be sa%&se,. 9u% u'3'o*'%o Lo(e) %e or(ora%&o' a/rea,y ob%a&'e, a /oa'*&% Lu)o' Sure%y #o(a'y as sure%y a', %eor(ora%&o' &' %ur' e:eu%e, a or%+a+e o' %e/a', a', bu&/,&'+ &' aor o %e sa&, o(a'y asou'%er-seur&%y.

Due %o %e (ers&s%e'% ,ea',s o Lo(e) Orosae:eu%e, a ;,ee, o ass&+'e'%< oer &s sareso s%o3 &' %e or(ora%&o'.

As &% rea&'e, u'se%%/e, Lo(e) /e, a asea+a&'s% Orosa a', P/a)a %ea%re (ray&'+ %a% %eybe se'%e'e, %o (ay & =o&'%/y a', seera//y o%e u'(a&, ba/a'e> a', &' ase ,ee',a'%s a&/ %o(ay %e /a', a', bu&/,&'+ o*'e, by %eor(ora%&o' be so/, &' (ub/& au%&o' *&% %e(roee,s be a((/&e, %o %e ba/a'e> or %e sareso s%o3 be so/, &' (ub/& au%&o'.

Te /o*er our% e/, %a% ,ee',a'%s *ere =o&'%/y/&ab/e or %e u'(a&, ba/a'e a', Lo(e) %usau&re, %e a%er&a/ a'?s /&e' oer %eo's%ru%&o'. Te /&e' *as ere/y o''e, %o %ebu&/,&'+ a', ,&, 'o% e:%e', %o %e o' *& %eo's%ru%&o' *as a,e.

Lo(e) %r&e, %o seure a o,&a%&o' o %e,e&s&o' bu% *as ,e'&e,.@SSES$

Be%er %e a%er&a/ a'?s /&e' or %e a/ue o%e a%er&a/s use, &' %e o's%ru%&o' o %ebu&/,&'+ a%%aes %o sa&, s%ru%ure a/o'e a',,oes'?% e:%e', %o %e /a', o' *& %e bu&/,&'+&s a,ere, %o.

Be%er %e /o*er our% a', #A erre, &' 'o%(ro&,&'+ %a% %e a%er&a/ a's /&e's &s su(er&or%o %e or%+a+e e:eu%e, &' aor o sure%yo(a'y 'o% o'/y o' %e bu&/,&'+ bu% a/so o' %e/a',.

HELD$

-Te a%er&a/ a'?s /&e' ou/, be ar+e, o'/y %o%e bu&/,&'+ or *& %e re,&% *as a,e or*& ree&e, %e be'e% o ree%&o' %e /o*erour% *as r&+% &' o/,&'+ a% %e &'%eres% o %eor%+a+ee oer %e /a', &s su(er&or a', a''o%be a,e sub=e% %o %e a%er&a/ a'Cs /&e'.

-Ge'era//y rea/ es%a%e o''o%es %e /a', a', %ebu&/,&'+ o's%ru%e, %ereo' &% &s ob&ous %a%%e &'/us&o' o %e bu&/,&'+ &' %e e'uera%&o' o*a% ay o's%&%u%e rea/ (ro(er%&es ou/, o'/yea' o'e %&'+%a% a bu&/,&'+ &s by &%se/ a'&oab/e (ro(er%y.

-@' %e abse'e o a'y s(e& (ro&s&o' %o %eo'%rary a bu&/,&'+ &s a' &oab/e (ro(er%y&rres(e%&e o *e%er or 'o% sa&, s%ru%ure a',%e /a', o' *& &% &s a,ere, %o be/o'+ %o %esae o*'er.

-Te /a* +&es (reere'e %o u're+&s%ere,ree%&o'ary re,&%s o'/y *&% res(e% %o %e rea/

es%a%e u(o' *& %e ree%&o'ary or *or3 *asa,e.

- Te /&e' so rea%e, a%%aes ere/y %o %e&oab/e (ro(er%y or %e o's%ru%&o' or re(a&ro *& %e ob/&+a%&o' *as &'urre,. Tereore%e /&e' &' aor o a((e//a'% or %e u'(a&, a/ueo %e /uber use, &' %e o's%ru%&o' o %ebu&/,&'+ a%%aes o'/y %o sa&, s%ru%ure a', %o 'oo%er (ro(er%y o %e ob/&+ors.

ASSO#@ATED @NSRAN#E a', SRET #OPAN@N#. (/a&'%&

s.@SA9EL @A ADR@ANO VAL@NO a', L#@AVAL@NO ,ee',a'%s.@SA9EL @A (/a&'%&s.ADR@ANO VAL@NO L#@A VAL@NO a', ASSO#@ATED@NSRAN#E a', SRET #OPAN.@N#. ,ee',a'%s.

o&%a L. ,e D&os or ,ee',a'% @sabe/ @ya.. Pere) #ar,e'as a', A(o/o'&o Abo/a or,ee',a'% Asso&a%e, @'sura'e a', Sure%y #o.@'.


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FEL@I .$A,r&a'o Va/&'o a', Lu&a A. Va/&'o usba', a',*&e *ere %e o*'ers a', (ossessors o a ouseo s%ro'+ a%er&a/s o's%ru%e, o' Lo% No. 69/o3 No. 80 o %e Grae Par3 Sub,&&s&o' &'#a/ooa' R&)a/ *& %ey (urase, o'&'s%a//e'% bas&s ro %e P&/&((&'e Rea/%y#or(ora%&o'. O' Noeber 4 1!"1 %o e'ab/e er%o (urase o' re,&% r&e ro %e NAR@# Lu&aA. Va/&'o /e, a bo', &' %e su o P11000.00JA@S#O 9o', No. G-!71K subsr&be, by %eAsso&a%e, @'sura'e a', Sure%y #o. @'. a', asou'%er-+uara'%y %ereor %e s(ouses Va/&'oe:eu%e, a' a//e+e, a%%e/ or%+a+e o' %eaoree'%&o'e, ouse &' aor o %e sure%yo(a'y *& e'ubra'e *as ,u/yre+&s%ere, *&% %e #a%%e/ or%+a+e Re+&s%er oR&)a/ o' Deeber 4 1!"1. @% &s a,&%%e, %a% a%%e %&e sa&, u',er%a3&'+ %oo3 (/ae %e (are/o /a', o' *& %e ouse &s ere%e, *as s%&//re+&s%ere, &' %e 'ae o %e P&/&((&'e Rea/%y#or(ora%&o'. Ha&'+ o(/e%e, (aye'% o' %e(urase (r&e o %e /o% %e Va/&'os *ere ab/e %oseure o' O%ober 18 1!"8 a er%&a%e o %&%/e&' %e&r 'ae JT.#.T. No. 27885K. Subseue'%/yo*eer or o' O%ober 25 1!"2 %e Va/&'os %oseure (aye'% o a' &',eb%e,'ess &' %eaou'% o P12000.00 e:eu%e, a rea/ es%a%eor%+a+e oer %e /o% a', %e ouse &' aor o@sabe/ @ya *& *as ,u/y re+&s%ere, a',a''o%a%e, a% %e ba3 o %e er%&a%e o %&%/e.O' %e o%er a', as Lu&a A. Va/&'o a&/e, %osa%&sy er ob/&+a%&o' %o %e NAR@# %e sure%yo(a'y *as o(e//e, %o (ay %e sae(ursua'% %o %e u',er%a3&'+ o %e bo',. @' %ur'%e sure%y o(a'y ,ea',e, re&bursee'%

ro %e s(ouses Va/&'o a', as %e /a%%er/&3e*&se a&/e, %o ,o so %e o(a'y ore/ose,%e a%%e/ or%+a+e oer %e ouse. As a resu/%%ereo a (ub/& sa/e *as o',u%e, by %ePro&'&a/ Ser& o R&)a/ o' Deeber 24 1!"2*ere&' %e (ro(er%y *as a*ar,e, %o %e sure%yo(a'y or P8000.00 %e &+es% b&, ree&e,%ereor. Te sure%y o(a'y %e' ause, %esa&, ouse %o be ,e/are, &' &%s 'ae or %a:(ur(oses JTa: De/ara%&o' No. 2"128K.Soe%&e &' u/y 1!"6 %e sure%y o(a'y/ear'e, o %e e:&s%e'e o %e rea/ es%a%eor%+a+e oer %e /o% oere, by T.#.T. No.

24885 %o+e%er *&% %e &(roee'%s %ereo'>%us sa&, sure%y o(a'y &'s%&%u%e, #&&/ #aseNo. 2142 o %e #our% o F&rs% @'s%a'e o a'&/a'a&'+ A,r&a'o a', Lu&a Va/&'o a', @sabe/ @ya%e or%+a+ee as ,ee',a'%s. Te o(/a&'%(raye, or %e e:/us&o' o %e res&,e'%&a/ ousero %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e &' aor o,ee',a'% @ya a', %e ,e/ara%&o' a', reo+'&%&o'o (/a&'%&Cs r&+% %o o*'ers&( oer %e sae &'&r%ue o %e a*ar, +&e' by %e Pro&'&a/ Ser&o R&)a/ ,ur&'+ %e (ub/& au%&o' e/, o'Deeber 24 1!"2. P/a&'%& /&3e*&se as3e, %e

#our% %o se'%e'e %e s(ouses Va/&'o %o (ay sa&,sure%y ora/ a', e:e(/ary ,aa+es a%%or'eyCsees a', os%s. Dee',a'% @sabe/ @ya /e, era's*er %o %e o(/a&'% a//e+&'+ ao'+ o%er%&'+s %a% &' &r%ue o %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+ee:eu%e, by er o-,ee',a'%s se au&re, area/ r&+% oer %e /o% a', %e ouse o's%ru%e,%ereo'> %a% %e au%&o' sa/e a//e+e,/yo',u%e, by %e Pro&'&a/ Ser& o R&)a/ as aresu/% o %e ore/osure o %e a%%e/ or%+a+eo' %e ouse *as 'u// a', o&, or 'o'-o(/&a'e *&% %e or reu&re, by /a*. Se%ereore (raye, or %e ,&s&ssa/ o %eo(/a&'% a', a'u//e'% o %e sa/e a,e by %ePro&'&a/ Ser&. Se a/so ,ea',e, %e aou'%o P"000.00 ro (/a&'%& as ou'%er/a& %esu o P"000.00 ro er o-,ee',a'%s asross/a& or a%%or'eyCs ees a', os%s.Dee',a'%s s(ouses &' %e&r a's*er a,&%%e,soe o %e aere'%s o %e o(/a&'% a',,e'&e, %e o%ers. Tey o*eer (raye, or %e,&s&ssa/ o %e a%&o' or /a3 o ause o a%&o'&% be&'+ a//e+e, %a% (/a&'%& *as a/rea,y %eo*'er o %e ouse &' ues%&o' a', as sa&,,ee',a'%s a,&%%e, %&s a% %e /a& o %eorer *as a/rea,y sa%&se,.O' O%ober 2! 1!"6 @sabe/ @ya /e, a'o%er &&/a%&o' a+a&'s% %e Va/&'os a', %e sure%yo(a'y J#&&/ #ase No. 2"05 o %e #our% o F&rs%@'s%a'e o a'&/aK s%a%&'+ %a% (ursua'% %o %eo'%ra% o or%+a+e e:eu%e, by %e s(ousesVa/&'o o' O%ober 25 1!"2 %e /a%%er u',er%oo3%o (ay a /oa' o P12000.00 *&% &'%eres% a% 12(er a''u or P120.00 a o'% *&&',eb%e,'ess *as (ayab/e &' 5 years e:%e',&b/eor o'/y o'e year> %a% %o seure (aye'% %ereo

sa&, ,ee',a'%s or%+a+e, %e ouse a', /o%oere, by T.#.T. No. 27885 /oa%e, a% No. 479a/%a)ar S%. Grae Par3 Sub,&&s&o' #a/ooa'R&)a/> %a% %e Asso&a%e, @'sura'e a', Sure%y#o. @'. *as &'/u,e, as a (ar%y ,ee',a'%beause &% /a&e, %o ae a' &'%eres% o' %eres&,e'%&a/ ouse a/so oere, by sa&, or%+a+e>%a% &% *as s%&(u/a%e, &' %e aoresa&, rea/ es%a%eor%+a+e %a% ,eau/% &' %e (aye'% o %e&'%eres% a+ree, u(o' *ou/, e'%&%/e %e or%+a+ee%o ore/ose %e sae ee' beore %e /a(se o%e 5-year (er&o,> a', as ,ee',a'% s(ouses a,a//e+e,/y a&/e, %o (ay %e &'%eres% or ore %a'

4 o'%s (/a&'%& (raye, %e #our% %o or,er sa&,,ee',a'%s %o (ay %e su o P12000.00 *&%&'%eres% %ereo' a% 12 (er a''u ro ar2" 1!"6 u'%&/ u//y (a&,> or a' a,,&%&o'a/ sueu&a/e'% %o 20 o %e %o%a/ ob/&+a%&o' as,aa+es a', or os%s. As a' a/%er'a%&e &' asesu ,ea', ay 'o% be e% a', sa%&se,(/a&'%& (raye, or a ,eree o ore/osure o %e/a', bu&/,&'+ a', o%er &(roee'%s %ereo' %obe so/, a% (ub/& au%&o' a', %e (roee,s%ereo a((/&e, %o sa%&sy %e ,ea',s o (/a&'%&>%a% %e Va/&'os %e sure%y o(a'y a', a'y


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o%er (erso' /a&&'+ &'%eres% o' %e or%+a+e,(ro(er%&es be barre, a', ore/ose, o a// r&+%s/a&s or eu&%y o re,e(%&o' &' sa&, (ro(er%&es>a', or ,e&e'y =u,+e'% &' ase %e (roee,so %e sa/e o %e or%+a+e, (ro(er%y *ou/, be&'suM&e'% %o sa%&sy %e /a& o (/a&'%&.Dee',a'% sure%y o(a'y &' a's*er %o %&so(/a&'% &'s&s%e, o' &%s r&+% oer %e bu&/,&'+ar+u&'+ %a% as %e /o% o' *& %e ouse *aso's%ru%e, ,&, 'o% be/o'+ %o %e s(ouses a% %e%&e %e a%%e/ or%+a+e *as e:eu%e, %eouse &+% be o's&,ere, o'/y as a (erso'a/(ro(er%y a', %a% %e e'ubra'e %ereo a',%e subseue'% ore/osure (roee,&'+s a,e(ursua'% %o %e (ro&s&o's o %e #a%%e/or%+a+e La* *ere (ro(er a', /e+a/. Dee',a'%%ereore (raye, %a% sa&, bu&/,&'+ be e:/u,e,ro %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e a', &%s r&+% oer%e sae be ,e/are, su(er&or %o %a% o (/a&'%&or ,aa+es a%%or'eyCs ees a', os%s.

Ta3&'+ s&,e *&% %e sure%y o(a'y ,ee',a'%s(ouses a,&%%e, %e ,ue e:eu%&o' o %eor%+a+e u(o' %e /a', bu% assa&/e, %ea//e+a%&o' %a% %e bu&/,&'+ *as &'/u,e, %ereo'&% be&'+ o'%e',e, %a% &% *as a/rea,ye'ubere, &' aor o %e sure%y o(a'ybeore %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e *as e:eu%e, aa% a,e 3'o*' %o (/a&'%& ,ur&'+ %e(re(ara%&o' o sa&, o'%ra% a', %o *& %e/a%%er oere, 'o ob=e%&o'. As a s(e&a/ ,ee'se&% *as asser%e, %a% %e a%&o' *as (rea%urebeause %e o'%ra% *as or a (er&o, o 5 years*& a, 'o% ye% e/a(se,.

Te %*o ases *ere =o&'%/y ear, u(o' a+reee'%o %e (ar%&es *o sub&%%e, %e sae o' as%&(u/a%&o' o a%s a%er *& %e #our%

re',ere, =u,+e'% ,a%e, ar 8 1!"4 o/,&'+%a% %e a%%e/ or%+a+e &' aor o %eAsso&a%e, @'sura'e a', Sure%y #o. @'. *as(reerre, a', su(er&or oer %e rea/ es%a%eor%+a+e subseue'%/y e:eu%e, &' aor o@sabe/ @ya. @% *as ru/e, %a% as %e Va/&'os *ere'o% ye% %e re+&s%ere, o*'er o %e /a', o' *&%e bu&/,&'+ &' ues%&o' *as o's%ru%e, a% %e%&e %e rs% e'ubra'e *as a,e %ebu&/,&'+ %e' *as s%&// a (erso'a/&%y a', a a%%e/or%+a+e oer %e sae *as (ro(er. Ho*eer as%e or%+a+ors *ere a/rea,y %e o*'er o %e/a', a% %e %&e %e o'%ra% *&% @sabe/ @ya *as

e'%ere, &'%o %e bu&/,&'+ *as %ra'sore, &'%o area/ (ro(er%y a', %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+erea%e, %ereo' *as /&3e*&se a,=u,+e, as (ro(er.@% &s %o be 'o%e, &' %&s o''e%&o' %a% %ere &s 'oe&,e'e o' reor, %o sus%a&' %e a//e+a%&o' o%e s(ouses Va/&'o %a% a% %e %&e %eyor%+a+e, %e&r ouse a', /o% %o @sabe/ @ya %e/a%%er *as %o/, or 3'e* %a% (ar% o %eor%+a+e, (ro(er%y &.e. %e ouse a,(re&ous/y bee' or%+a+e, %o %e sure%yo(a'y.

Te res&,e'%&a/ bu&/,&'+ *as %ereore or,ere,e:/u,e, ro %e ore/osure (raye, or by@sabe/ @ya a/%ou+ %e /a%%er ou/, e:er&se %er&+% o a =u'&or e'ubra'e. So %e s(ousesVa/&'o *ere or,ere, %o (ay %e aou'%,ea',e, by sa&, or%+a+ee or &' %e&r ,eau/%%o ae %e (are/ o /a', sub=e% o %eor%+a+e so/, a% (ub/& au%&o' or %esa%&sa%&o' o @yaCs /a&.

Tere &s 'o ues%&o' as %o a((e//a'%Cs r&+% oer%e /a', oere, by %e rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e>o*eer as %e bu&/,&'+ o's%ru%e, %ereo' asbee' %e sub=e% o 2 or%+a+es> o'%roersyar&se as %o *& o %ese e'ubra'es sou/,ree&e (reere'e oer %e o%er. Te ,e&s&ea%or &' reso/&'+ %e &ssue (rese'%e, by %&sa((ea/ &s %e ,e%er&'a%&o' o %e 'a%ure o %es%ru%ure /&%&+a%e, u(o' or *ere &% beo's&,ere, a (erso'a/&%y %e ore/osure o %ea%%e/ or%+a+e a', %e subseue'% sa/e%ereo a% (ub/& au%&o' a,e &' aor,a'e*&% %e #a%%e/ or%+a+e La* *ou/, be a/&, a',%e r&+% au&re, by %e sure%y o(a'y%erero *ou/, er%a&'/y ,esere (r&orreo+'&%&o'> o%er*&se a((e//a'%Cs /a& or(reere'e us% be +ra'%e,. Te /o*er #our%,e&,&'+ &' aor o %e sure%y o(a'y base, &%sru/&'+ o' %e (re&se %a% as %e or%+a+ors*ere 'o% %e o*'ers o %e /a', o' *& %ebu&/,&'+ &s ere%e, a% %e %&e %e rs%e'ubra'e *as a,e sa&, s%ru%ure (ar%oo3o %e 'a%ure o a (erso'a/ (ro(er%y a', ou/,(ro(er/y be %e sub=e% o a a%%e/ or%+a+e. Be', reaso' %o o/, o%er*&se or as %&s #our%,e'&'+ %e 'a%ure or ara%er o a bu&/,&'+ assa&,$

. . . *&/e &% &s %rue %a% +e'era//y rea/ es%a%eo''o%es %e /a', a', %e bu&/,&'+ o's%ru%e,%ereo' &% &s ob&ous %a% %e &'/us&o' o %ebu&/,&'+ se(ara%e a', ,&s%&'% ro %e /a', &'%e e'uera%&o' o *a% ay o's%&%u%e rea/(ro(er%&es JAr%. 51" 'e* #&&/ #o,eK ou/, o'/yea' o'e %&'+ %a% a bu&/,&'+ &s by&%se/ a'&oab/e (ro(er%y . . . oreoer a', &' &e* o%e abse'e o a'y s(e& (ro&s&o' %o %eo'%rary a bu&/,&'+ &s a' &oab/e (ro(er%y&rres(e%&e o *e%er or 'o% sa&, s%ru%ure a',%e /a', o' *& &% &s a,ere, %o be/o'+ %o %esae o*'er. JLo(e) s. Orosa G.R. Nos. su(ra (.

!8K.A bu&/,&'+ er%a&'/y a''o% be ,&es%e, o &%sara%er o a rea/%y by %e a% %a% %e /a', o'*& &% &s o's%ru%e, be/o'+s %o a'o%er. To o/,&% %e o%er *ay %e (oss&b&/&%y &s 'o% reo%e %a%&% *ou/, resu/% &' o'us&o' or %o /oa3 %ebu&/,&'+ *&% a' u'er%a&' s%a%us a,e,e(e',e'% o' %e o*'ers&( o %e /a', *ou/,rea%e a s&%ua%&o' *ere a (era'e'% :%urea'+es &%s 'a%ure or ara%er as %e o*'ers&(o %e /a', a'+es a',s. @' %e ase a% bar as(erso'a/ (ro(er%&es ou/, o'/y be %e sub=e% o a


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a%%e/ or%+a+e JSe%&o' 1 A% 6!"2K a', asob&ous/y %e s%ru%ure &' ues%&o' &s 'o% o'e %ee:eu%&o' o %e a%%e/ or%+a+e oer&'+ sa&,bu&/,&'+ &s /ear/y &'a/&, a', a 'u//&%y. B&/e &% &s%rue %a% sa&, ,oue'% *as orres(o',&'+/yre+&s%ere, &' %e #a%%e/ or%+a+e Re+&s%er oR&)a/ %&s a% (ro,ue, 'o ee% *a%soeer or*ere %e &'%eres% o'eye, &s &' %e 'a%ure o area/ (ro(er%y %e re+&s%ra%&o' o %e ,oue'% &'%e re+&s%ry o a%%e/s &s ere/y a u%&/e a%.

Tus %e re+&s%ra%&o' o %e a%%e/ or%+a+e oa bu&/,&'+ o s%ro'+ a%er&a/s (ro,ue 'o ee%as ar as %e bu&/,&'+ &s o'er'e, JLeu'+ ee s.S%ro'+ a&'ery #o. 67 P&/. 455K. Nor a' *e+&e a'y o's&,era%&o' %o %e o'%e'%&o' o %esure%y %a% &% as au&re, o*'ers&( oer %e(ro(er%y &' ues%&o' by reaso' o %e sa/eo',u%e, by %e Pro&'&a/ Ser& o R&)a/ or as%&s #our% as a(%/y (ro'ou'e,$A or%+a+e re,&%or *o (urases rea/(ro(er%&es a% a' e:%ra=u,&&a/ ore/osure sa/e%ereo by &r%ue o a a%%e/ or%+a+eo's%&%u%e, &' &s aor *& or%+a+e as bee',e/are, 'u// a', o&, *&% res(e% %o sa&, rea/(ro(er%&es au&res 'o r&+% %ere%o by &r%ue osa&, sa/e JDe /a R&a s. A eo 40 P&/. 8!!K.Bereore %e (or%&o' o %e ,e&s&o' o %e /o*er#our% &' %ese %*o ases a((ea/e, ro o/,&'+%e r&+%s o %e sure%y o(a'y oer %ebu&/,&'+ su(er&or %o %a% o @sabe/ @ya a',e:/u,&'+ %e bu&/,&'+ ro %e ore/osure(raye, or by %e /a%%er &s reerse, a', a((e//a'%@sabe/ @yaCs r&+% %o ore/ose 'o% o'/y %e /a',bu% a/so %e bu&/,&'+ ere%e, %ereo' &s erebyreo+'&)e, a', %e (roee,s o %e sa/e %ereoa% (ub/& au%&o' J& %e /a', as 'o% ye% bee'

so/,K sa// be a((/&e, %o %e u'sa%&se, =u,+e'%&' aor o @sabe/ @ya. T&s ,e&s&o' o*eer &s*&%ou% (re=u,&e %o a'y r&+% %a% %e Asso&a%e,@'sura'e a', Sure%y #o. @'. ay ae a+a&'s%%e s(ouses A,r&a'o a', Lu&a Va/&'o o' aou'%o %e or%+a+e o sa&, bu&/,&'+ %ey e:eu%e, &'aor o sa&, sure%y o(a'y. B&%ou%(ro'ou'ee'% as %o os%s. @% &s so or,ere,.Paras #.. 9e'+)o' o'%eayor Reyes A.9au%&s%a A'+e/o Labra,or #o'e(&o' Reyes

.9.L. a', E',e'&a . o'ur.9@#ERRA TENEZA G.R. No. L-14218 Noeber2! 1!42

Fa%s$ a((e//a'%s *ere %e o*'ers o %e ouse*or% P200.00 bu&/% o' a', o*'e, by %e a',s&%ua%e, &' %e sa&, u'&&(a/&%y La+a'+&/a'+>%a% soe%&e &' a'uary 1!"7 a((ea/e, or&b/y,eo/&se, %e ouse /a&&'+ %o be %e o*'ers%ereo> %a% %e a%er&a/s o %e ouse a%er &%*as ,&sa'%/e, *ere (/ae, &' %e us%o,y o%e barr&o /&eu%e'a'% o %e (/ae> a', %a% as aresu/% o a((e//a%eCs reusa/ %o res%ore %e ouseor %o ,e/&er %e a%er&a/ a((e//a'%s %e /a%%erae suere, ,aa+es.

@ssue$ *e%er %e a%&o' &'o/es %&%/e %o rea/(ro(er%y.

Ru/&'+ Ra%&o'a/e$ A ouse &s /ass&e, as&oab/e (ro(er%y by reaso' o &%s a,ere'e %o%e so&/ o' *& &% &s bu&/% JAr%. 51" (ar. 1 #&&/#o,eK. T&s /ass&a%&o' o/,s %rue re+ar,/ess o%e a% %a% %e ouse ay be s&%ua%e, o' /a',be/o'+&'+ %o a ,&ere'% o*'er. 9u% o'e %eouse &s ,eo/&se, as &' %&s ase &% eases %oe:&s% as su a', e'e &%s ara%er as a'&oab/e /&3e*&se eases.

LENG EE VS STRONG A#H@NERu/%&(/e Sa/e %o D&ere'% Ve',ees Rea/ sPerso'a/ Pro(er%y@' 1!16 #o(a'&a A+r&o/a F&/&(&'a *as &',eb%e,%o %*o (erso'a/&%&es$ Leu'+ ee a', S%ro'+a&'ery #o. #AF (urase, soe r&e /ea'&'+a&'es ro S#o. #AF &'s%a//e, %e a&'es&' a bu&/,&'+. As seur&%y or %e (urase (r&e#AF e:eu%e, a a%%e/ or%+a+e o' %e r&e/ea'&'+ a&'es &'/u,&'+ %e bu&/,&'+ *ere%e a&'es *ere &'s%a//e,. #AF a&/e, %o (ayS#o e'e %e /a%%er ore/ose, %e or%+a+e %e sae *as re+&s%ere, &' %e a%%e/ or%+a+ere+&s%ry.#AF a/so so/, %e /a', J*ere %e bu&/,&'+ *ass%a',&'+K %o S#o. S#o %oo3 (ossess&o' o %ebu&/,&'+ a', %e /a',.O' %e o%er a', ee a'o%er re,&%or o #AF*o e'+a+e, &' %e o's%ru%&o' o %e bu&/,&'+be&'+ %e &+es% b&,,er &' a' au%&o' o',u%e,by %e ser& (urase, %e sae bu&/,&'+*ere %e a&'es *ere &'s%a//e,. A((are'%/y

#AF *as a/so e:eu%e, a a%%e/ or%+a+e &'aor ee. ee re+&s%ere, %e sa/e &' %e re+&s%ryo /a',. ee *as o*eer a*are %a% (r&or %o &sbuy&'+ %e (ro(er%y as bee' so/, &' aor oS#o e&,e'e &s %e a%%e/ or%+a+e a/rea,yre+&s%ere, by S#o.@SSE$ Bo &s %e o*'er o %e bu&/,&'+QHELD$ Te S# ru/e, %a% S#o as a be%%er r&+%%o %e o'%es%e, (ro(er%y. ee a''o% bere+ar,e, as a buyer &' +oo, a&% as e *asa/rea,y a*are o %e a% %a% %ere *as a (r&orsa/e o %e sae (ro(er%y %o S#o.

Te S# a/so 'o%e, %a% %e #a%%e/ or%+a+e La*

e:(ress/y o'%e(/a%es (ro&s&o's or a%%e/or%+a+es *& o'/y ,ea/ *&% (erso'a/(ro(er%&es. Te a% %a% %e (ar%&es ,ea/% %ebu&/,&'+ as & &%?s a (erso'a/ (ro(er%y ,oes 'o%a'+e %e 'a%ure o %e %&'+. @% &s s%&// a rea/(ro(er%y. @%s &'sr&(%&o' &' %e #a%%e/ or%+a+ere+&s%ry ,oes 'o% o,&y &%s &'sr&(%&o' %ere+&s%ry o rea/ (ro(er%y.

STANDARD O@L #O. OF NEB OR V. ARA@LLO55 S#RA 460


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FA#TS$De /a Rosa *as %e /essee o a (&ee o /a', o'*& a ouse se o*'s *as bu&/%. See:eu%e, a a%%e/ or%+a+e &' aor o %e(e%&%&o'er(ur(or%&'+ %e /easeo/, &'%eres% &'%e /a', a', %e o*'ers&( o ouse.

A%er su %e (e%&%&o'er oe, or &%sre+&s%ra%&o' *&% %e Re+&s%er o Dee,s or %e(ur(ose o a&'+ %e sae reor,e, &' %e boo3o reor, o a%%e/ or%+a+es. A%ere:a&'a%&o' %e res(o',e'% *as &' %eo(&'&o' %a% %e (ro(er%&es *ere 'o% sub=e%s o aa%%e/ or%+a+e.

HELD$Pos&%&o' %a3e' by %e res(o',e'% &su'%e'ab/e. H&s ,u%&es are a&'/y &'&s%er&a/o'/y &' 'a%ure a', 'o /a* o'ers u(o' &a'y =u,&&a/ or uas&-=u,&&a/ (o*er.Ge'era//y e sou/, ae(% %e ua/&a%&o'o %e (ro(er%y a,o(%e, by %e (erso'*o (rese'%s %e &'s%rue'% orre+&s%ra%&o' a', sou/, (/ae %e &'s%rue'% o'reor, u(o' (aye'% o %e (ro(er ee /ea&'+%e ee%s o re+&s%ra%&o' %o be ,e%er&'e, by%e our% & su ues%&o' sou/, ar&se or /e+a/,e%er&'a%&o'.

Te #&&/ #o,e su((/&es 'o abso/u%e r&%er&o' &',&sr&&'a%&'+ be%*ee' rea/ (ro(er%y a',(erso'a/ (ro(er%y or (ur(oses o %ea((/&a%&o' o %e #a%%e/ or%+a+e La*. Tear%&/es s%a%e +e'era/ ,o%r&'es 'o'e%e/ess &%us% 'o% be or+o%%e' %a% u',er +&e'o',&%&o's (ro(er%y ay aeara%er ,&ere'% ro %a% &(u%e, %o &% &'

%e sa&, ar%&/es. @% &s u',e'&ab/e %a% %e(ar%&es &' a o'%ra% ay by a+reee'%%rea% as (erso'a/ (ro(er%y %a% *& by 'a%ure*ou/, be rea/ (ro(er%y.

&',a'ao 9us #o. s. #&%y Assessor a', TreasurerG.R. No. L-17870. Se(%eber 2! 1!42.Labra,or .Do%r&'e$ oab/e eu&(e'% %o be &ob&/&)e,&' o'%e(/a%&o' o Ar%&/e 51" o %e #&&/ #o,eus% be %e esse'%&a/ a', (r&'&(a/ e/ee'%s oa' &',us%ry or *or3s *& are arr&e, o' &' abu&/,&'+ or o' a (&ee o /a',. Tus *ere %e

bus&'ess &s o'e o %ra's(or%a%&o' *& &s arr&e,o' *&%ou% a re(a&r or ser&e so( a', &%s ro//&'+eu&(e'% &s re(a&re, or ser&e, &' a so(be/o'+&'+ %o a'o%er %e %oo/s a', eu&(e'% &'&%s re(a&r so( *& a((ear oab/e are ere/y&'&,e'%a/s a', ay 'o% be o's&,ere,&oab/es a', e'e 'o% sub=e% %oassesse'% as rea/ es%a%e or (ur(oses o %e rea/es%a%e %a:.Fa%s$ Res(o',e'% #&%y Assessor o #a+aya' ,eOro #&%y assesse, a% P5500 (e%&%&o'er?seu&(e'% &' &%s re(a&r or ser&e so(. Pe%&%&o'er

a((ea/e, %e assesse'% %o %e res(o',e'%9oar, o Ta: A((ea/s o' %e +rou', %a% %esae are 'o% rea/%y. Te 9oar, o Ta: A((ea/s o%e #&%y sus%a&'e, %e &%y assessor so (e%&%&o'erere&' /e, *&% %e #our% o Ta: A((ea/s a(e%&%&o' or %e re&e* o %e assesse'%. Te#our% o Ta: A((ea/s a&'+ sus%a&'e, %eres(o',e'% &%y assessor?s ru/&'+ a', a&'+,e'&e, a o%&o' or reo's&,era%&o' (e%&%&o'erbrou+% %e ase %o %&s #our%.@ssue$ Be%er %e Ta: #our% erre, &' &%s&'%er(re%a%&o' o (ara+ra( " o Ar%&/e 51" o %eNe* #&&/ #o,e a', o/,&'+ %a% (ursua'%%ere%o %e oab/e eu&(e'%s are %a:ab/erea/%&es by reaso' o %e&r be&'+ &'%e',e, or,es%&'e, or use &' a' &',us%ry.He/,$ es. oab/e eu&(e'%s %o be&ob&/&)e, &' o'%e(/a%&o' o Ar%&/e 51" o %e#&&/ #o,e us% be %e esse'%&a/ a', (r&'&(a/e/ee'%s o a' &',us%ry or *or3s *& arearr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or o' a (&ee o /a',.

Tus *ere %e bus&'ess &s o'e o %ra's(or%a%&o'*& &s arr&e, o' *&%ou% a re(a&r or ser&eso( a', &%s ro//&'+ eu&(e'% &s re(a&re, orser&e, &' a so( be/o'+&'+ %o a'o%er %e %oo/sa', eu&(e'%s &' &%s re(a&r so( *& a((earoab/e are ere/y &'&,e'%a/s a', ay 'o% beo's&,ere, &oab/es a', e'e 'o% sub=e%%o assesse'% as rea/ es%a%e or (ur(oses o %erea/ es%a%e %a:.S&&/ar/y %e %oo/ a', eu&(e'% &' ues%&o' &'%&s &'s%a'% ase are by %e&r 'a%ure 'o%esse'%&a/ a', (r&'&(a/ e/ee'%s o (e%&%&o'er?sbus&'ess o %ra's(or%&'+ (asse'+ers a', ar+oesby o%or %ru3s. Tey are ere/y &'&,e'%a/s au&re, as oab/es a', use, o'/y or

e:(e,&e'y %o a&/&%a%e a',or &(roe &%sser&e. Ee' *&%ou% su %oo/s a', eu&(e'%&%s bus&'ess ay be arr&e, o' as (e%&%&o'er asarr&e, o' *&%ou% su eu&(e'%s beore %e*ar. Te %ra's(or%a%&o' bus&'ess ou/, be arr&e,o' *&%ou% %e re(a&r or ser&e so( & &%s ro//&'+eu&(e'% &s re(a&re, or ser&e, &' a'o%er so(be/o'+&'+ %o a'o%er.Ar%&/e 51" o %e #&&/ #o,e reu&res %a% %e&',us%ry or *or3s be arr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or o'a (&ee o /a',. 9u% &' %e ase a% bar %eeu&(e'%s &' ues%&o' are ,es%&'e, o'/y %ore(a&r or ser&e %e %ra's(or%a%&o' bus&'ess

*& &s 'o% arr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or(era'e'%/y o' a (&ee o /a', as ,ea',e, by%e /a*. Sa&, eu&(e'% ay 'o% %ereore be,eee, as rea/ (ro(er%y.

Daao Sa*&// #o. s #as%&//o41 PH@L 70!GR No. L-50511Au+us% 7 1!6"A %e'a'% (/ae, a&'es or use &' a sa*&// o'%e /a',/or,Cs /a',.


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FA#TSDaao Sa*&// #o. o(era%e, a sa*&//. Te /a',u(o' *& %e bus&'ess *as o',u%e, *as/ease, ro a'o%er (erso'. O' %e /a', DaaoSa*&// ere%e, a bu&/,&'+ *& ouse, %ea&'ery &% use,. Soe o %e a&'es *ereou'%e, a', (/ae, o' ou',a%&o's o ee'%. @'%e o'%ra% o /ease Dao Sa*&// a+ree, %o%ur' oer ree o ar+e a// &(roee'%s a',bu&/,&'+s ere%e, by &% o' %e (re&ses *&% %ee:e(%&o' o a&'er&es *& sa// rea&' *&%%e Daao Sa*&//. @' a' a%&o' brou+% by %eDaao L&+% a', Po*er #o. =u,+e'% *asre',ere, a+a&'s% Daao Sa*&//. A *r&% oe:eu%&o' *as &ssue, a', %e a&'er&es (/ae,o' %e sa*&// *ere /e&e, u(o' as (erso'a/%y by%e ser&. Daao L&+% a', Po*er #o. (roee,e,%o (urase %e a&'ery a', o%er (ro(er%&esau%&o'e, by %e ser&.@SSEAre %e a&'er&es rea/ or (erso'a/ (ro(er%yQHELDAr%.51" o %e Ne* #&&/ #o,e (ro&,es %a% Rea/Pro(er%y o's&s%s o$J1K La',s bu&/,&'+s roa,s a', o's%ru%&o's oa// 3&',s a,ere, %o %e so&/>:::J"K a&'ery ree(%a/es &'s%rue'%s or&(/ee'%s &'%e',e, by %e o*'er ( %e%e'ee'% or a' &',us%ry o% *or3s *& ay bearr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or o' a (&ee o /a', a',*& %e', ,&re%/y %o ee% %e 'ee,s o %e sa&,&',us%ry or *or3s>A((e//a'% sou/, ae re+&s%ere, &%s (ro%es%beore or a% %e %&e o %e sa/e o %e (ro(er%y.B&/e 'o% o'/us&e %e a((e//a'%Cs

ara%er&)a%&o' o %e (ro(er%y as a%%e/s &s&',&a%&e o &'%e'%&o' a', &(resses u(o' %e(ro(er%y %e ara%er ,e%er&'e, by %e (ar%&es.a&'ery &s 'a%ura//y oab/e. Ho*eera&'ery ay be &ob&/&)e, by ,es%&'a%&o' or(ur(ose u',er %e o//o*&'+ o',&%&o's$Ge'era/ Ru/e$ Te a&'ery o'/y beoes&ob&/&)e, & (/ae, &' a (/a'% by %e o*'er o%e (ro(er%y or (/a'%.@ob&/&)a%&o' a''o% be a,e by a %e'a'%a usuru%uary or a'y (erso' a&'+ o'/ya %e(orary r&+%.E:e(%&o'$ Te %e'a'% usuru%uary

or %e(orary (ossessor a%e, as a+e'% o %eo*'er o %e (re&ses> or e &'%e',e, %o(era'e'%/y +&e a*ay %e (ro(er%y &' aor o%e o*'er.As a ru/e %ereore %e a&'ery sou/, beo's&,ere, as Perso'a/ Pro(er%y s&'e &% *as 'o%(/ae, o' %e /a', by %e o*'er o %e sa&, /a',.

9oar, o Assesse'% A((ea/s .#. s era/o10 S#RA 48GR No. L-1"665

a'uary 61 1!45

FA#TSO' Noeber 1" 1!"" %e # #&%y Assessor,e/are, %e ERAL#OCs s%ee/ %o*ers sub=e% %orea/ (ro(er%y %a:. A%er %e ,e'&a/ o ERAL#OCs(e%&%&o' %o a'e/ %ese ,e/ara%&o's a' a((ea/*as %a3e' %o %e # 9oar, o Assesse'%A((ea/s *& reu&re, res(o',e'% %o (ayP114"1.84 as rea/ (ro(er%y %a: o' %e sa&, s%ee/%o*ers or %e years 1!"2 %o 1!"4.ERAL#O (a&, %e aou'% u',er (ro%es% a',/e, a (e%&%&o' or re&e* &' %e #our% o Ta:A((ea/s J#TAK *& re',ere, a ,e&s&o' or,er&'+%e a'e//a%&o' o %e sa&, %a: ,e/ara%&o's a',%e reu',&'+ %o ERAL#O by %e # #&%y

Treasurer o P114"1.84.@SSEAre %e s%ee/ %o*ers or (o/es o %e ERAL#Oo's&,ere, rea/ or (erso'a/ (ro(er%&esQHELDPo/e /o'+ o(ara%&e/y s/e',er usua//yy/&',r&a/ (&ee o *oo, %&ber ob=e% o e%a/or %e /&3e> a' u(r&+% s%a',ar, %o %e %o( o*& soe%&'+ &s aM:e, or by *& soe%&'+&s su((or%e,.ERAL#OCs s%ee/ su((or%s o's&s%s o arae*or3 o 5 s%ee/ barss%r&(s *& are bou',by s%ee/ ross-ars a%o( o *& are ross-arssu((or%&'+ " &+-o/%a+e %ra's&ss&o' *&res a',%e&r so/e u'%&o' &s %o su((or%arry su *&res.

Te e:e(%&o' +ra'%e, %o (o/es as uo%e,ro Par% @@ Par.! o res(o',e'%Cs ra'&se &s,e%er&'e, by %e use %o *& su (o/es are,e,&a%e,.@% &s e&,e'% %a% %e *or, ;(o/es:::J6K Eery%&'+ a%%ae, %o a' &oab/e &' a:e, a''er &' su a *ay %a% &% a''o% bese(ara%e, %erero *&%ou% brea3&'+ %e

a%er&a/ or ,e%er&ora%&o' o %e ob=e%>:::J"K a&'ery ree(%a/es &'s%rue'%s or&(/ee'%s &'%e',e, by %e o*'er ( %e%e'ee'% or a' &',us%ry o% *or3s *& ay bearr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or o' a (&ee o /a', a',*& %e', ,&re%/y %o ee% %e 'ee,s o %e sa&,&',us%ry or *or3s>Fo//o*&'+ %ese /ass&a%&o's ERAL#OCs s%ee/%o*ers sou/, be o's&,ere, (erso'a/ (ro(er%y. @%sou/, be 'o%e, %a% %e s%ee/ %o*ers$


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JaK are 'e&%er bu&/,&'+s or o's%ru%&o's a,ere,%o %e so&/>JbK are 'o% a%%ae, %o a' &oab/e &' a :e,a''er %ey a' be se(ara%e, *&%ou% brea3&'+%e a%er&a/ or ,e%er&ora%&o' o %e ob=e%> are 'o% a&'er&es ree(%a/es or&'s%rue'%s a', ee' & %ey are %ey are 'o%&'%e',e, or a' &',us%ry %o be arr&e, o' &' %e(re&ses.

GR L-""72! 28 ar 1!86FA#TS$A /a', be/o'+&'+ %o A'%o'&o Pu')a/a' *asore/ose, by %e P&/&((&'e Na%&o'a/ 9a'3 JPN9K

Tar/a 9ra' &' a&/ure o %e orer %o (ay %eor%+a+e, ee aou'%&'+ %o P10000.00. S&'ePN9 *as %e &+es% b&,,er %e /a', *asa*ar,e, %o PN9.@' 1!75 *&/e %e (ro(er%y *as s%&// &' %e(ossess&o' o Pu')a/a' Pu')a/a' o's%ru%e, a*areouse o' %e sa&, /a', by &r%ue o %e(er&% seure, ro %e u'&&(a/ ayor o9aba' Tar/a. Subseue'%/y &' 1!78 ao'%ra% o sa/e *as e'%ere, &'%o by PN9 a',Ree,&os V,a. De Lasaa'a *o by &r%ue o%e sa&, sa/e seure, a %&%/e oer %e (ro(er%y&'o/&'+ %e *areouse a//e+e,/y o*'e, a',o's%ru%e, by %e (/a&'%&.Pu')a/a' /e, a su&% or a''u/e'% o %e Dee, oSa/e *&% ,aa+es a+a&'s% PN9 a', Lasaa'abeore %e #our% o F&rs% @'s%a'e o R&)a/ 9ra'61 &(u+'&'+ %e a/&,&%y o %e sa/e o %ebu&/,&'+ reues%&'+ %e sae %o be ,e/are, 'u//a', o&, a', %a% ,aa+es &' %e %o%a/ su oP26200 ore or /ess be a*ar,e, %o &.Res(o',e'% Lasaa'a &' &s a's*er aerre, %e

aMra%&e ,ee'se o /a3 o ause o a%&o'o'%e',&'+ %a% se *as a (uraser or a/ue*&/e PN9 /e, a o%&o' %o D&s&ss o' %e+rou', o &(ro(er e'ue &'o3&'+ %a% %ebu&/,&'+ *as a rea/ (ro(er%y u',er Ar%&/e 51" o%e #&&/ #o,e a', %ereore Se%&o' 5 JaK o %eRu/es o #our% sou/, a((/y.Pu')a/a' /e, a o%&o' or Reo's&,era%&o'asser%&'+ %a% %e a%&o' e /e, &s /&&%e, %o %ea''u/e'% o sa/e a', %a% &% ,oes 'o% &'o/eo*'ers&( o or %&%/e %o (ro(er%y. @% *as ,e'&e, by%e our% or /a3 o er&%. He'e a (e%&%&o' orer%&orar& *as /e, by %e (e%&%&o'er.

@SSE$Be%er or 'o% %e %e a%&o' &s a rea/ a%&o' a',%us sou/, be /e, &' %e our% *ere %e(ro(er%y &s /oa%e,HELD$B&/e &% &s %rue %a% %e (e%&%&o'er ,oes 'o%,&re%/y see3 %e reoery o %e %&%/e or(ossess&o' o %e (ro(er%y &' ues%&o' &s a%&o'or a''u/e'% o sa/e a', &s /a& or ,aa+esare /ose/y &'%er%*&'e, *&% %e &ssue oo*'ers&( o %e bu&/,&'+ *& u',er %e /a*&s o's&,ere, &oab/e (ro(er%y %e reoery

o *& &s (e%&%&o'er?s (r&ary ob=e%&e. Te(rea/e'% ,o%r&'e &s %a% a' a%&o' or %ea''u/e'% or res&ss&o' o a sa/e o rea/ (ro(er%y,oes 'o% o(era%e %o eae %e u',ae'%a/ a',(r&e ob=e%&e a', 'a%ure o %e ase *& &s%o reoer sa&, (ro(er%y. @% &s a rea/ a%&o'.Res(o',e'% #our% ,&, 'o% err &' ,&s&ss&'+ %ease o' %e +rou', o &(ro(er e'ue u',erSe%&o' 12 Ru/e 5 *& *as %&e/y ra&se, u',erSe%&o' 1 Ru/e 14 o %e Ru/es o #our%.

PRDENT@AL 9AN V. PAN@S1"6 S#RA 6!0

FA#TS$S(ouses a+a/e seure, a /oa' roPru,e'%&a/ 9a'3. To seure (aye'% %eye:eu%e, a rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e oer ares&,e'%&a/ bu&/,&'+. Te or%+a+e &'/u,e, a/so%e r&+% %o ou(y %e /o% a', %e &'ora%&o'abou% %e sa/es (a%e'% a((/&e, or by %e s(ousesor %e /o% %o *& %e bu&/,&'+ s%oo,. A%erseur&'+ %e rs% /oa' %e s(ouses seure,a'o%er ro %e sae ba'3. To seure(aye'% a'o%er rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e *ase:eu%e, oer %e sae (ro(er%&es.

Te Sere%ary o A+r&u/%ure %e' &ssue, a&se//a'eous Sa/es Pa%e'% oer %e /a', *&*as /a%er o' or%+a+e, %o %e ba'3.

Te s(ouses %e' a&/e, %o (ay or %e /oa' a',%e RE *as e:%ra=u,&&a//y ore/ose, a', so/, &'(ub/& au%&o' ,es(&%e o((os&%&o' ro %es(ouses. Te res(o',e'% our% e/, %a% %e RE*as 'u// a', o&,.

HELD$A rea/ es%a%e or%+a+e a' be o's%&%u%e, o' %ebu&/,&'+ ere%e, o' %e /a', be/o'+&'+ %oa'o%er.

Te &'/us&o' o bu&/,&'+ ,&s%&'% a',se(ara%e ro %e /a', &' %e #&&/ #o,e a'o'/y ea' %a% %e bu&/,&'+ &%se/ &s a'&oab/e (ro(er%y.

B&/e &% &s %rue %a% a or%+a+e o /a','eessar&/y &'/u,es &' %e abse'e o

s%&(u/a%&o' o %e &(roee'%s %ereo'bu&/,&'+s s%&// a bu&/,&'+ &' &%se/ ay beor%+a+e, by &%se/ a(ar% ro %e /a', o' *&&% &s bu&/%. Su a or%+a+e *ou/, s%&// beo's&,ere, as a RE or %e bu&/,&'+ *ou/,s%&// be o's&,ere, as &oab/e (ro(er%y ee' &,ea/% *&% se(ara%e/y a', a(ar% ro %e /a',.

Te or&+&'a/ or%+a+e o' %e bu&/,&'+ a', r&+% %oou(a'y o %e /a', *as e:eu%e, beore %e&ssua'e o %e sa/es (a%e'% a', beore %e+oer'e'% *as ,&es%e, o %&%/e %o %e


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/a',. ',er %e ore+o&'+ &% &s e&,e'% %a%%e or%+a+e e:eu%e, by (r&a%e res(o',e'%o' &s o*'bu&/,&'+ *as a a/&, or%+a+e.

As %o %e seo', or%+a+e &% *as ,o'e a%er %esa/es (a%e'% *as &ssue, a', %us (ro&b&%s(er%&'e'% (ro&s&o's o %e Pub/& La', A%.

TALAD V. V@#EN#@O51 S#RA 156FA#TS$V&e'&o a', S&eo' e:eu%e, a a%%e/or%+a+e &' aor o (/a&'%&s Tua/a, oer%e&r ouse *& *as be&'+ re'%e, bya,r&+a/ a', o(a'y. T&s *as e:eu%e, %o+uara'%ee a /oa' (ayab/e &' o'e year *&% a12 (er a''u &'%eres%.

Te or%+a+e *as e:%ra=u,&&a//y ore/ose, u(o'a&/ure %o (ay %e /oa'. Te ouse *as so/, a%a (ub/& au%&o' a', %e (/a&'%&s *ere %e&+es% b&,,er. A orres(o',&'+ er%&a%eo sa/e *as &ssue,. Terea%er %e (/a&'%&s/e, a' a%&o' or e=e%e'% a+a&'s% %e,ee',a'%s (ray&'+ %a% %e /a%%er aa%e %eouse as %ey *ere %e (ro(er o*'ers.

HELD$#er%a&' ,e&a%&o's ae bee' a//o*e, ro%e +e'era/ ,o%r&'e %a% bu&/,&'+s are&oab/e (ro(er%y su as *e' %rou+s%&(u/a%&o' (ar%&es ay a+ree %o %rea% as(erso'a/ (ro(er%y %ose by %e&r 'a%ure*ou/, be rea/ (ro(er%y. T&s &s (ar%/y base, o'%e (r&'&(/e o es%o((e/ *ere&' %e

(r&'&(/e &s (re,&a%e, o' s%a%ee'%s by %eo*'er ,e/ar&'+ &s ouse as a%%e/ a o',u%%a% ay o'e&ab/y s%o( & rosubseue'%/y /a&&'+ o%er*&se.

@' %e ase a% bar %ou+ %ere be 'o s(e&s%a%ee'% reerr&'+ %o %e sub=e% ouse as(erso'a/ (ro(er%y ye% by e,&'+ se//&'+ or%ra'serr&'+ a (ro(er%y %rou+ a%%e/ or%+a+eou/, o'/y ae ea'% %a% ,ee',a'% o'eys%e ouse as a%%e/ or a% /eas% &'%e',e,%o %rea% %e sae assu so %a% %ey sou/, 'o% 'o* be

a//o*e, %o a3e a' &'o's&s%e'% s%a', by/a&&'+ o%er*&se.

Ser+?s Pro,u%s @'. s. P#@ Leas&'+ G.R. No.16770". Au+us% 22 2000

FA#TS$

P#@ Leas&'+ a', F&'a'e /e, a o(/a&'% or suo o'ey *&% a' a((/&a%&o' or a *r&% ore(/e&'.

u,+e &ssue, a *r&% o re(/e&' ,&re%&'+ &%s ser&%o se&)e a', ,e/&er %e a&'er&es a',eu&(e'% %o P#@ Leas&'+ a%er " ,ays a', u(o'%e (aye'% o %e 'eessary e:(e'ses.

Te ser& (roee,e, %o (e%&%&o'erCs a%oryse&)e, o'e a&'ery *&% *or, %a% e *ou/,re%ur' or o%er a&'er&es.Pe%&%&o'er JSer+?s Pro,u%sK /e, a o%&o' ors(e&a/ (ro%e%&e or,er %o ,eer e'oree'% o%e *r&% o re(/e&'.P#@ Leas&'+ o((ose, %e o%&o' o' %e +rou',%a% %e (ro(er%&es *ere s%&// (erso'a/ a',%ereore a' s%&// be sub=e%e, %o se&)ure a', *r&%o re(/e&'.Pe%&%&o'er asser%e, %a% (ro(er%&es sou+% %o bese&)e, *ere &oab/e as ,e'e, &' Ar%&/e 51"o %e #&&/ #o,e.Ser& *as s%&// ab/e %o %a3e (ossess&o' o %*oore a&'er&es@' &%s ,e&s&o' o' %e or&+&'a/ a%&o' or er%&orar&/e, by %e Pe%&%&o'er %e a((e//a%e our% #&%&'+%e A+reee'% o %e (ar%&es e/, %a% %esub=e% a&'es *ere (erso'a/ (ro(er%y a',%a% %ey a, o'/y bee' /ease, 'o% o*'e, by(e%&%&o'ers> a', ru/e, %a% %e *or,s o %eo'%ra% are /ear a', /eae 'o ,oub% u(o' %e%rue &'%e'%&o' o %e o'%ra%&'+ (ar%&es.

@SSE$ Be%er or 'o% %e a&'er&es beaerea/ (ro(er%y by &r%ue o &ob&/&)a%&o'.

Ru/&'+$Pe%&%&o'ers o'%e', %a% %e sub=e% a&'esuse, &' %e&r a%ory *ere 'o% (ro(er sub=e%s o%e Br&% &ssue, by %e RT# beause %ey *ere &'a% rea/ (ro(er%y.

Br&% o Re(/e&'$ Ru/e 40 o %e Ru/es o #our%(ro&,es %a% *r&%s o re(/e&' are &ssue, or %ereoery o (erso'a/ (ro(er%y o'/y.

Ar%&/e 51" J"K o %e #&&/ #o,e (ro&,es %a%a&'ery ree(%a/es &'s%rue'%s or&(/ee'%s &'%e',e, by %e o*'er o %e%e'ee'% or a' &',us%ry or *or3s *& ay bearr&e, o' &' a bu&/,&'+ or o' a (&ee o /a', a',*& %e', ,&re%/y %o ee% %e 'ee,s o %e sa&,&',us%ry or *or3s

@' %e (rese'% ase %e a&'es %a% *ere %esub=e%s o %e Br&% o Se&)ure *ere (/ae, by(e%&%&o'ers &' %e a%ory bu&/% o' %e&r o*'/a',.Tey *ere esse'%&a/ a', (r&'&(a/ e/ee'%so %e&r oo/a%e-a3&'+ &',us%ry.He'ea/%ou+ ea o %e *as oab/e or (erso'a/(ro(er%y o' &%s o*' a// o %e ae beoe;&ob&/&)e, by ,es%&'a%&o' beause %ey areesse'%&a/ a', (r&'&(a/ e/ee'%s &' %e &',us%ry.Ta3&'+ be ,o'e *&%ou% %e o*'er?s o'se'%>No &o/e'e a+a&'s% or &'%&&,a%&o' o (erso'sor ore u(o' %&'+sPerso'a/ Pro(er%y a'y%&'+ suse(%&b/e oa((ro(r&a%&o' a', 'o% &'/u,e, &' Rea/ Pro(er%y

Tus %e %er ;(erso'a/ (ro(er%y< as use,&' Ar%.608 RP# sou/, be &'%er(re%e, &' %eo'%e:% o %e #&&/ #o,eCs ,e'&%&o' o rea/ a',(erso'a/ (ro(er%y. #o'seue'%/y a'y (erso'a/(ro(er%y %a'+&b/e or &'%a'+&b/e or(orea/ or&'or(orea/ a(ab/e o a((ro(r&a%&o' ay be %esub=e% o %e% JS #ar/os> S Tabu'%&'+>S Ge'a%oK so /o'+ as %e sae &s 'o%&'/u,e, &' %e e'uera%&o' o Rea/ Pro(er%&es

u',er %e #&&/ #o,e.Te o'/y reu&ree'% or (erso'a/ (ro(er%y %oa(ab/e o %e% &s %a% &% be sub=e% %oa((ro(r&a%&o'.Ar%. 514 J6K o %e #&&/ #o,e ,ees ;Fores oNa%ure< *& are brou+% u',er %e o'%ro/ os&e'e as Perso'a/ Pro(er%y.

Te a((ro(r&a%&o' o ores o 'a%ure *& arebrou+% u',er o'%ro/ by s&e'e a' be a&ee,by %a(er&'+ *&% a'y a((ara%us use, or+e'era%&'+ or easur&'+ su ores o 'a%ure*ro'+u//y re,&re%&'+ su ores o 'a%ure rosu a((ara%us or us&'+ a'y ,e&e %o

rau,u/e'%/y ob%a&' su ores o 'a%ure.@' %e &'s%a'% ase %e a% o o',u%&'+ @SRo(era%&o's by &//e+a//y o''e%&'+ ar&ouseu&(e'% or a((ara%us %o PLDT?s %e/e(o'esys%e %rou+ *& (e%&%&o'er &s ab/e %o rese//or re-rou%e &'%er'a%&o'a/ /o'+ ,&s%a'e a//s us&'+PLDT?s a&/&%&es o's%&%u%e Sub%ra%&o'.oreoer &'%eres% &' bus&'ess sou/, be/ass&e, as (erso'a/ (ro(er%y s&'e &% &s a(ab/eo a((ro(r&a%&o' a', 'o% &'/u,e, &' %ee'uera%&o' o rea/ (ro(er%&es.


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Tereore %e bus&'ess o (ro&,&'+%e/eou'&a%&o' or %e/e(o'e ser&e are(erso'a/ (ro(er%y *& a' be %e ob=e% o %e%u',er Ar%. 608 o %e RP#. Te a% o e'+a+&'+ &'@SR &s a' a% o ;sub%ra%&o'< (e'a/&)e, u',er %esa&, ar%&/e.B&/e &'%er'a%&o'a/ /o'+-,&s%a'e a//s %a3e %eor o e/e%r&a/ e'er+y a', ay be o's&,ere,as (erso'a/ (ro(er%y %e sa&, /o'+-,&s%a'e a//s,o 'o% be/o'+ %o PLDT s&'e &% ou/, 'o% aeau&re, o*'ers&( oer su a//s. PLDT ere/ye'o,es au+e'%s e'a'es ,eo,es a',%ra's&%s sa&, a//s us&'+ &%s o(/e:ou'&a%&o's &'ras%ru%ure a', a&/&%&es.S&'e PLDT ,oes 'o% o*' %e sa&, %e/e(o'e a//s%e' &% ou/, 'o% a/&,/y /a& %a% su %e/e(o'ea//s *ere %a3e' *&%ou% &%s o'se'%.Ba% o's%&%u%es Te% &s %e use o %e PLDTCsou'&a%&o's a&/&%&es *&%ou% PLDTCs o'se'%.

Te %e% /&es &' %e u'/a*u/ %a3&'+ o %e%e/e(o'e ser&es U bus&'esses.

Te Ae',e, @'ora%&o' sou/, be ae',e, %oso* %a% %e (ro(er%y sub=e% o %e %e% *ereser&es a', bus&'ess o %e oe',e, (ar%y.

Te #&%y Assessor o Pasay #&%y ara%er&)e, %esa&, &%es o +as s%a%&o' eu&(e'% a',a&'ery as %a:ab/e rea/%y. Ho*eer %e #&%y9oar, o Ta: A((ea/s ru/e, %a% %ey are(erso'a/%y. Te Assessor a((ea/e, %o %e #e'%ra/9oar, o Assesse'% A((ea/s.

Te 9oar, e/, o' u'e 6 1!77 %a% %e sa&,a&'es are rea/ (ro(er%y *&%&' %e ea'&'+ oSes. 6J3K U JK a', 68 o %e Rea/ Pro(er%y Ta:#o,e PD 545 a', %a% %e #&&/ #o,e ,e'&%&o'so rea/ a', (erso'a/ (ro(er%y &' Ar%&/es 51" a',

514 are 'o% a((/&ab/e &' %&s ase.@SSEBON %e (&ees o +as s%a%&o' eu&(e'% a',a&'ery (era'e'%/y aM:e, by #a/%e: %o &%s+as s%a%&o' a', (aee'% sou/, be sub=e% %orea/%y %a:.HELDSe.2 o %e Assesse'% La* (ro&,es %a% %erea/%y %a: &s ,ue o' rea/ (ro(er%y &'/u,&'+ /a',bu&/,&'+s a&'ery a', o%er&(roee'%s 'o% s(e&a//y e:e(%e, &' Se.6%ereo.Se.6 o %e Rea/ Pro(er%y Ta: #o,e (ro&,es %e

o//o*&'+ ,e'&%&o's$3K @(roee'%s a a/uab/e a,,&%&o' a,e %o(ro(er%y or a' ae/&ora%&o' &' &%s o',&%&o'Wore%a' ere re(a&rs or re(/aee'% o *as%eW&'%e',e, %o e'a'e &%s a/ue beau%y or u%&/&%yK a&'ery a&'es ea'&a/o'%r&a'es &'s%rue'%s a((/&a'es a',a((ara%us a%%ae, %o %e rea/ es%a%eW&'/u,es%e (ys&a/ a&/&%&es aa&/ab/e or (ro,u%&o'W&'s%a//a%&o' a', a((ur%e'a'% ser&e a&/&%&es.

Te sub=e% a&'es a', eu&(e'% are %a:ab/e&(roee'% a', a&'ery *&%&' %e ea'&'+

o %e Assesse'% La* a', %e Rea/ Pro(er%y Ta:#o,e beause %e sae are 'eessary %o %eo(era%&o' o %e +as s%a%&o' a', ae bee'a%%ae,aM:e,ebe,,e, (era'e'%/y %o %e+as s%a%&o' s&%e.@(roee'%s o' /a', are oo'/y %a:e, asrea/%y ee' %ou+ %ey &+% be o's&,ere,(erso'a/%y. ;@% &s a a&/&ar (e'oe'o' %o see%&'+s /ass&e, as rea/ (ro(er%y or (ur(oses o%a:a%&o' *& o' +e'era/ (r&'&(/e &+% beo's&,ere, (erso'a/ (ro(er%y< JS%a',ar, O&/ #o.s ara&//o 55 PH@L 460K.

T&s ase &s a/so eas&/y ,&s%&'+u&sab/e ro 9oar,o Assesse'% A((ea/s s. a'&/a E/e%r& #o.J11! P&/. 628K *ere era/oCs s%ee/ %o*ers *eree:e(%e, ro %a:a%&o'. Te s%ee/ %o*ers *ereo's&,ere, (erso'a/%y beause %ey *erea%%ae, %o suare e%a/ raes by ea's obo/%s a', ou/, be oe, ro (/ae %o (/ae*e' u'sre*e, a', ,&sa'%/e,.Nor are #a/%e:Cs +as s%a%&o' eu&(e'% a',a&'ery %e sae as %e %oo/s a', eu&(e'%&' %e re(a&r so( o a bus o(a'y *& *eree/, %o be (erso'a/ (ro(er%y 'o% sub=e% %o rea/%y%a: J&',a'ao 9us #o. s. #&%y Assessor 114 P&/."01K.

Te #e'%ra/ 9oar, o Assesse'% A((ea/s ,&, 'o%o&% a +rae abuse o ,&sre%&o' &' u(o/,&'+%e #&%y AssessorCs &(os&%&o' o %e rea/%y %a: o'#a/%e:Cs +as s%a%&o' a', eu&(e'%.

Documents

Cases for Property Law