Case Study: Yakutat Energy Efficiency Upgrade

2013 Village Energy Efficiency Program (VEEP)

Buildings Selected

Elementary School High School

Courthouse

City Offices

Unique Aspects • 2 schools, wood shop, PSO

building, power plant and adjacent residence all use recovered heat (RH) from power plant

• 20-30 year old heat recovery system

• No heat plant backup in schools, wood shop or PSO building

• Insufficient heat for coldest days

• High School at end of RH loop

• Severe design deficiencies – No isolation heat exchangers in

PSO (forced air and sub-floor) or wood shop (AHU and fintube)

– Reversed piping to PSO

• 2 decades of deferred maintenance in schools

Existing Conditions

Deferred Maintenance

High School • was pneumatic; now no

controls, no pneumatics • 1 AHU running backwards • OSA dampers locked closed • Relief dampers non-

functional • Local ball valves used to

control zone temperatures • On/off to control ventilation

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

9:25

AM

12:0

5 PM

2:45

PM

5:25

PM

8:05

PM

10:4

5 PM

1:25

AM

4:05

AM

6:45

AM

9:25

AM

12:0

5 PM

2:45

PM

5:25

PM

8:05

PM

10:4

5 PM

1:25

AM

4:05

AM

6:45

AM

9:25

AM

12:0

5 PM

2:45

PM

5:25

PM

8:05

PM

10:4

5 PM

1:25

AM

4:05

AM

6:45

AM

9:25

AM

12:0

5 PM

2:45

PM

5:25

PM

8:05

PM

10:4

5 PM

1:25

AM

4:05

AM

6:45

AM

9:25

AM

12:0

5 PM

degr

ees F

PPM

CO

2

Administrative Office; Thursday through Monday PPM CO2 Degrees F

High School CO2 & Temperatures

High School CO2 & Temperatures

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

3:45

PM

5:35

PM

7:25

PM

9:15

PM

11:0

5 PM

12:5

5 AM

2:45

AM

4:35

AM

6:25

AM

8:15

AM

10:0

5 AM

11:5

5 AM

1:45

PM

3:35

PM

5:25

PM

7:15

PM

9:05

PM

10:5

5 PM

12:4

5 AM

2:35

AM

4:25

AM

6:15

AM

8:05

AM

9:55

AM

11:4

5 AM

1:35

PM

3:25

PM

5:15

PM

7:05

PM

8:55

PM

10:4

5 PM

12:3

5 AM

2:25

AM

4:15

AM

6:05

AM

7:55

AM

degr

ees F

PPM

CO

2

Sewing/Home Economics Classroom (High School); Tuesday through Friday PPM CO2 Degrees F

Deferred Maintenance

Elementary School • Pneumatic, no controls, severe

overheating • Logged 8 hrs/day pneumatic

compressor • All AHU’s running backwards

(phase problem) • Kitchen MAU disabled • DHW running into cold water,

back-feeding lav’s & WC’s

Elementary School CO2 & Temperatures

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2:05

PM

3:25

PM

4:45

PM

6:05

PM

7:25

PM

8:45

PM

10:0

5 PM

11:2

5 PM

12:4

5 AM

2:05

AM

3:25

AM

4:45

AM

6:05

AM

7:25

AM

8:45

AM

10:0

5 AM

11:2

5 AM

12:4

5 PM

2:05

PM

3:25

PM

4:45

PM

6:05

PM

7:25

PM

8:45

PM

10:0

5 PM

11:2

5 PM

12:4

5 AM

2:05

AM

3:25

AM

4:45

AM

6:05

AM

7:25

AM

8:45

AM

10:0

5 AM

11:2

5 AM

degr

ees F

PPM

CO

2

Tribal Conference Room (Elem. School Second floor); Wednesday through Friday

PPM CO2 Degrees F

Deferred Maintenance

Natatorium • 100% OSA de-humidification • 2500 cfm EF removed • Positive static pressure • 89.5°F water temp, 88.5°F

air temp, 65% RH • corrosion

Deferred Maintenance

Natatorium CO2 & Temperatures

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1:15

PM

2:45

PM

4:15

PM

5:45

PM

7:15

PM

8:45

PM

10:1

5 PM

11:4

5 PM

1:15

AM

2:45

AM

4:15

AM

5:45

AM

7:15

AM

8:45

AM

10:1

5 AM

11:4

5 AM

1:15

PM

2:45

PM

4:15

PM

5:45

PM

7:15

PM

8:45

PM

10:1

5 PM

11:4

5 PM

1:15

AM

2:45

AM

4:15

AM

5:45

AM

7:15

AM

8:45

AM

10:1

5 AM

11:4

5 AM

1:15

PM

degr

ees F

and

% R

elat

ive

Hum

idity

PPM

CO

2

Pool; Monday through Wednesday PPM CO2 Degrees F RH (%)

Proposed Conditions

High School • Demo remaining pneumatics • Simple Electronic Controls on 6 AHU’s

– Prestige IAQ Controller – JADE Economizer Control – Honeywell T755 Analog Output Controller

• Combination of Wi-Fi & standard tstats • New electronic actuators • 3-way valves to 2-way • VFD circulation pumps • CO2 based demand controlled ventilation • Re-pipe boiler room, remove boiler

High School

High School • Correct improper hydronic piping • Install BTU Monitor • Fix hydronic leaks • Replace defective coils & fintube • Install freezstats and smoke detectors • Replace missing locker room EF’s, add Occupancy sensors • Replace expansion tank • Replace hot water generator • Replace cabinet unit heater

Elementary School • Demo pneumatics • Simple Electronic Controls on 3 AHU’s (Natatorium

AHU eliminated from program), same as High School • 14 zone Wi-Fi tstats; add Wi-Fi coverage • 14 new zone valves • New electronic actuators • 3-way valves to 2-way • VFD circulation pumps • CO2 based demand controlled ventilation

Elementary School

Elementary School • Occupancy sensors on all EF’s • Install freezstats and smoke detectors • Repair unit ventilator, replace fintube • Replace oil fired HWH with HWG • Install BTU meter • Remove boiler & piping • Repair hydronic leaks • Replace pool circulation pump with premium

efficiency • Replace expansion tank

Wood Shop • Install isolation heat exchanger • Replace fintube, add control valves, circulation pumps

& controls • Install BTU meter • Setback tstats

• Install isolation heat exchanger & hydraulic separator • Add mixing valve for slab heat & controls • Install BTU meter • Setback tstats

PSO Building

Heat Recovery Loop • Consolidate circulation pumps • Procure back-up main circulation pump • Correct reversed piping to PSO building

• Setback, Wi-Fi tstats • Upgrade lighting to LED • Replace missing bathroom EF’s • Add occupancy sensors on bathroom EF’s

Courthouse & City Offices

Project Development & Management

Project Development Au

g

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Gra

nt S

ubm

ittal

Gra

nt A

war

ds

Ener

gy A

udits

Stak

ehol

der M

eetin

gs

Cont

ract

or W

alk-

thro

ughs

CBY

Asse

mbl

y Ap

prov

al

2013 2014 2015

Cons

truc

tion

Cons

truc

tion

com

plet

ed

12 months in development phase: – Energy Audits – Stakeholder meetings, prioritization of EEM’s – 5% design, contractor walk-through & quotes, asbestos

inspection – Stakeholder meetings, round 2 – Council Approval & contracts

Project Management Au

g

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Gra

nt S

ubm

ittal

Gra

nt A

war

ds

Ener

gy A

udits

Stak

ehol

der M

eetin

gs

Cont

ract

or W

alk-

thro

ughs

CBY

Asse

mbl

y Ap

prov

al

2013 2014 2015

Cons

truc

tion

Cons

truc

tion

com

plet

ed

7 months in construction phase: – Construction – Inspections, (informal) commissioning – Completed at 99% of budget – Completed on schedule

Funding

VEEP Program • $300,000 VEEP Grant • $311,540 Tongass Economic

Relief Funds (TERF)

Total EE upgrades $778,540

Self Managed • $167,000 lighting upgrade

(TERF funds): – All LED in both schools

including fixture by fixture occupancy sensors in high bay gym & multi-purpose

– Electrical contractor performed data logging and energy savings calculations

– Completed December 2013

Use of Funds

High School,

63%

Elementary School, 32%

Courthouse, 3%

City Hall, 2%

Distribution of costs for $611,540 funds by building

Energy audits,

project & construction mgmt

13%

Engineering 9%

Construction 78%

Distribution of costs by type

Projected Costs, Savings and Payback

Building(s) Implementation

Cost Savings Payback (years)

High School, Wood Shop, PPSO building & Waste Heat loop $386,804 $57,177 6.8

Elementary School $194,107 $68,126 2.8

Courthouse $20,261 $2,687 7.5

City Office $10,368 $3,081 3.4

TOTALS $611,540 $131,071 4.7

$5.26/gallon @ 80% thermal efficiency equivalency for cost of recovered heat $ .4583/kWh, no PCE for schools Natatorium upgrades eliminated due to budget limitations

Actual Savings through July 2015

• No heating penalty for lighting upgrade • No actuals yet for Courthouse & City Office

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

Schools Lighting, Elec Schools HVAC, Elec & Oil Courthouse & City Offices,Elec & Oil

Annual Cash Savings - Projected vs Actual

Projected

Actual

Open Issues

• 160°F heat loop supply glycol at power plant down to 146°F at High School

• Insufficient recovered heat to maintain High School supply air temperatures when Temp < 25°F

• No backup heat sources • Aging heat recovery infrastructure • Declining school enrollment & budget

Conclusions • This 4-5 year payback is typical • In rural villages, energy efficiency upgrades are likely to be 80%

maintenance and 20% energy efficiency • Deferred maintenance programs can be “packaged” with energy

efficiency upgrades and financed via savings

• Use experienced, bush-proven contractor resources • Use a general contractor who is using his own proven subs

• Keep the energy auditor involved for design integrity, perform M & V • Keep solutions simple & appropriate • Get stakeholders involved early and often, keep them informed,

respond to local input

Focused exclusively on energy reduction

Jim Fowler, PE

jim@jim-fowler.com 907-269-4350

Commercial Municipal and Industrial Energy Audits Retro-Commissioning

Energy Studies