Case Study on Improving Education in India-01 Oct 2011

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Case Study on Improving Education in India



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Contents

1. Research Problem: ............................................................................................................................... 3

2. Data Description:.................................................................................................................................. 3

a. Outcome Variables:.......................................................................................................................... 3

3. Analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 4

4. Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................... 7

5. Bibliography: ........................................................................................................................................ 8



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1. Research Problem:

The recent economic growth rate of India has been improved due to significant development in

economic and social factors. This economic growth is still not accompanying with the education.

Education is the core area of concern in the country since the growth in this segment is still low. There is

a lack of sources in the education sector which has slowed down the growth and quality of education. 22

percent of the world population exists in India and 46 percent of the world’s illiterates have home in the

country. Primary school participation rate in India is very low specifically in the rural areas (Kingdon,

1994 and Hanushek & Kimko, 2000). Government of India launched District Primary School Education

Program in the year 1993-94 with the aim of providing free primary school education. Since then none

of the studies conducted so far to check the quality of education through such program. With this view

this research paper has been conducted to address the quality of education among primary schools in

India under the initiative of District Primary School Education Program.

2. Data Description:

The data has been collected using secondary research. In secondary research, a random data of 30

districts across India has been collected from national sample survey. Out of 30 districts, 15 districts are

non DPED and 15 districts are covered under DPED program. The assessment of improving education in

India has been conducted using education indicators like educational attainment and enrollment rates.

Data sources have been used as CIA fact book for US central bureau of statistics. Districts covered under

both the DPED and non DPED program have been identified from website of government of India for

economic affairs.

a. Outcome Variables:

Outcome variables from the data are listed below:

School enrollment rate in each district for children with age 5-11 and 12-15 years, both

male and female

Dropout rate for children with age 5-11 and 12-15 years

Progression from primary level education to higher level education

A proportion of children with no education for age group 12-15 years

A proportion of children who completed primary education for 12-15 years



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3. Analysis

The data has been collected for 30 districts in India. The below tables presented the descriptive statistics

for the data collected across these states in India.

Table 1 – Descriptive Statistics

1990-2000 2001-2010

DPEP Non-DPEP DPEP Non-DPEP

Number of Household 6572 7895 8543 8342

Percent of Children

5-11 years 16.30% 16.80% 18.65% 19.20%

12-15 years 11.34% 12.56% 10.90% 9.70%

Percent of Male Child

5-11 years 15.30% 15.80% 17.65% 18.20%

12-15 years 9.56% 12.36% 11.10% 8.70%

Percent of Female Child

5-11 years 13.30% 13.80% 15.65% 16.20%

12-15 years 6.56% 9.36% 8.10% 5.70%

Percent of Schedule Tribes 12.90% 13.50% 7.50% 6.70%

Percent of Schedule Caste 16.30% 16.90% 10.90% 10.10%

Figure 1 – Enrollment Rate among 5-11 years old

The above figure 1 shows the enrollment rate among children of age 5 to 11 years. There has been a

significant increase in the enrollment rate since 2005 to 2010 in both male and female child. Overall rate

of enrollment for the year 2005 was 11% which has been increased to 56% in 2010. For the same period

the enrollment for the male child was 12% which has been increased to 31%. For female child the

7%

5% 5%

3%4%

2%

7%

4%3% 4%

3%

1%

8%

6%5%

3%3%

2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Enrollment Rate

All Children Male Female



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enrollment for the same period was 5% to 28%. The above data shows the enrollment rate for both

DPEP covered and Non DPEP covered states.

Figure 2 – Enrollment Rate among 12-15 years old

The above figure 2 shows the enrollment rate among children of age 12 to 15 years. There has been a

significant increase in the enrollment rate since 2005 to 2010 in both male and female child. Overall rate

of enrollment for the year 2005 was 10% which has been increased to 54% in 2010. For the same period

the enrollment for the male child was 9% which has been increased to 29%. For female child the

enrollment for the same period was 3% to 26%. The above data shows the enrollment rate for both

DPEP covered and Non DPEP covered states.

Figure 3 – Dropout Rate among 5-11 years old

7%

5% 5%

3%4%

2%

7%

4%3%

4%3%

1%

8%

6%5%

3%3%

2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Enrollment Rate


7%

5% 5%

3%4%

2%

7%

4%3%

4%3%

1%

8%

6%5%

3% 3%2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Drop out Rate




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The above figure 3 shows the dropout rate among children of age 5 to 11 years. There has been a

significant decrease in the enrollment rate since 2005 to 2010 in both male and female child. Overall

rate of enrollment for the year 2005 was 7% which has been decreased to 2% in 2010. For the same

period the enrollment for the male child was 7% which has been decreased to 1%. For female child the

enrollment for the same period was 8% to 2%. The above data shows the dropout rate for both DPEP

covered and Non DPEP covered states.

Figure 4 – Dropout Rate among 12-15 years old

The above figure 4 shows the dropout rate among children of age 12 to 15 years. There has been a

significant decrease in the enrollment rate since 2005 to 2010 in both male and female child. Overallrate of enrollment for the year 2005 was 7% which has been decreased to 2% in 2010. For the same

period the enrollment for the male child was 7% which has been decreased to 1%. For female child the

enrollment for the same period was 8% to 2%. The above data shows the dropout rate for both DPEP

covered and Non DPEP covered states.

In India, parents are less concerned for the education of daughter and hence there is a difference in the

enrollment rate and dropout rates between male and female child. Also the education sources were

limited. However these resources are still limited and DPEP program was initiated by the government to

support the district level primary schools to improve increase the resources and improve the quality of

education. The Indian states covered under DPEP program have the high ratio of using private schools

than the states which are not covered under DPEP program.

7%

5% 5%

3%4%

2%

7%

4%3%

4%3%

1%

8%

6%5%

3% 3%2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Drop out Rate




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4. Conclusion:

It has been observed from the national survey that the private school education has been improved over

past few years in India. The difference between the male and female child education has been reduced

at a rapid pace. Poor families in India are also using private schools. Government run schools may not

have the good resources and quality of education due to high level of corruption and scarcity of good

teachers. Private schools are more focused towards providing quality education since they have the

concern towards profitability of the schools. Private schools pay market wages while the government

teachers do not receive that mush of salaries. There should some steps that need to be taken by the

Indian government to improve the quality of education by providing resources, providing more benefits

to primary schools so that they can offer free primary education. In addition the this the focus should be

on female child education since there is a huge gap between the male child education rate and female

child education rate.



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Case Study on Improving Education in India-01 Oct 2011