CASA UAS REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT

Jim Coyne Manager Future Technology and Regulatory Trends

OVERVIEW • Terminology • Regulations

– Current vs Proposed • RPA Classification • Airworthiness

– Certification Issues – Design Issues

• Airspace Integration

DE HAVILLAND DH60 GYPSY MOTH 1929

UAS IN CONTEXT • UAV – Common lexicon – General populous

refers to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • An Unmanned Aircraft (UA) is an aircraft,

therefore the majority of the ICAO/CASA requirements will apply/be affected

• Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) consists of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) + Remote Pilot Station + Command, Control, Communications (C3) Link

• ICAO and CASA addressing entire system

TERMINOLOGY Unmanned aircraft system Remotely-piloted aircraft Remote pilot station Remotely-piloted aircraft system Remote pilot Remote Pilot License Remote crew member RPA observer UAS operator certificate Detect and avoid

UAS (umbrella term) RPA RPS RPAS (RPA+RPS+C2) RPL UOC (AOC comp.) D&A

REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS) A RPAS consists of: • The Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) • Remote Pilot Station(s) (RPS) • The Command and Control (C2) data link • Communication Link • Other system elements as required, eg.,

software, health monitoring, ATC communications equipment, a flight termination system, and launch and recovery elements.

DIAMOND DA-40 (VH-RPA)

CASR Part 101- Current Situation • CASR Part 101 – Unmanned Aircraft, Rockets and Model Aircraft • Published in 2002 • To operate a RPA under 150 kg (aeroplane) or 100 kg (rotorcraft):

– No airworthiness requirements – Only operational requirements

• To operate a RPA above150 kg/100 kg must have: – Certificate of Registration – Maintenance Program – Certificate of Airworthiness

• Experimental or Restricted category • All RPA operating in Australia are under 150 kg/100 kg

– Largest aeroplane – Aerosonde @ 35 kg – Largest rotorcraft - Yamaha Rmax @ 99 kg

• Approvals granted by UAS Operator’s Certificate (UOC)

UAS OPERATOR’S CERTIFICATE (UOC) • RPA conducting aerial work require approval in the form

of a UAS Operator’s Certificate (UOC). • Aerial work operations include, but not limited to:

– aerial surveying, – aerial spotting, – aerial photography, – agricultural operations, – research and development, – exhibitions and demonstrations.

• A UOC is similar in nature and intent to the existing Air Operator’s Certificate for traditional aviation operations.

CASR Part 101 – Proposed Changes

• Based on risk • Developed a model for approval based on KE • Coupled with a set of restricted operating

conditions to reduce risk

RPA CLASSIFICATION BY WEIGHT

• CASA considers RPA of 2 kg and below have a low kinetic energy, pose little risk to aviation and have a low potential for harm to people and property on the ground.

• By coupling this weight with a set of operational restrictions reduces the risk.

• RPA of 2 kg and below while they are being operated under the standard RPA operating conditions will not need a UOC.

• RPA above 2 kg and all RPA operating outside of the standard RPA operating conditions will need a UOC.

•

STANDARD RPA OPERATING CONDITIONS

• Visual Line of Sight (VLOS), i.e., an operation in which the remote crew aided only by spectacles or contact lenses (not binoculars or telescopes etc.) maintain direct visual contact with the aircraft, to manage its flight and meet separation and collision avoidance responsibilities

• at or below 400 feet above ground or water • non-populous areas, including remaining more than 30 metres from

any person not directly involved in the operation of the RPA • Day Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) • outside of controlled airspace (OCTA) • Outside of prohibited, restricted and danger areas • Greater than 3NM from an aerodrome boundary

RPA CLASSIFICATION Current Proposed Small < 150 kg Small <2 kg Med 2-150kg Large >150 kg Lge - > 150 kg

Future Small - < 20 kg Med - 20 – 600 kg Lge - > 600 kg

CERTIFICATION - CURRENT

• Apply to RPA above150 kg (aeroplane), 100 kg (rotorcraft) or100 m3 (airship)

• Certificate of Airworthiness – Experimental Certificate

• Requires no Type Certification

– Restricted Category • Requires Type Certification

CERTIFICATION - PROPOSED

Weight Categories • Small - < 20 kg – Operational Approval • Med - 20 – XXX kg – LSA Rules • Lge - > XXX kg – Type Certification

XXX is NOT 150 kg

HERON - 1

RPA - Type Certification Process

Certification Matrix

Operation

Airspace Integration

AIRWORTHINESS • Design of RPA, RPS and RPAS

– Potentially 3 aviation products / approvals • Production – RPA – TC and C of A (same as manned aviation) – RPS - Ground station - Qualification or type approval? – RPAS – Total system – How to approve? –1 RPAS includes 1 RPA and one or more RPS • Continuing airworthiness issues

Design Specifications for RPAS

• Comprises both airborne and ground based equipment – Potentially in different States

• Should be designed to minimize the potential for a failure of any component to prevent continued safe flight and recovery of the RPA

• Potentially a wide range of RPA and RPS could form part of a RPAS. Therefore, some design criteria may apply to all RPAS and some may be unique to a type or class of RPAS.

Certification Requirements Manned Aircraft

Structures/Fatigue Cabin Safety Crashworthiness Mechanical Systems Propulsion Systems Avionics Flight test

Unmanned Aircraft System Structures/Fatigue Frangibility Mechanical Systems Propulsion Systems Avionics Remote Pilot Station Data link Flight test

INTEGRATION INTO NON-SEGREGATED AIRSPACE

• Technologies to be developed – ACAS is not good enough – ADS-B equivalent – Radar equivalent – Sight equivalent

• Flight over Populous Areas

CONCLUSION • New terminology that goes with this new technology • Level of Regulations needed to address the safe, secure and

efficient integration of RPA into non-segregated airspace and aerodromes.

• Requirements for Type Certification • Design Specifications • Airworthiness Issues • Airspace Integration Issues

TARANIS

X-48B

X 51 WAVERIDER

NASA X-43 RPA

QUESTIONS?