CAR/SAM Regional Guidance Material on Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Programmes

CAR/SAM Regional Guidance Material on Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance

Programmes

NAM/CAR/SAM Quality Assurance Workshop

Gustavo De LeónRegional Officer, Air Traffic Management

and Search and RescueICAO NACC Regional Office

NAM/CAR/SAM Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Workshop(Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 26 to 30 November 2001)

NAM/CAR/SAM Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Workshop

(Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 26 to 30 November 2001)

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

NORTH AMERICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN OFFICE

CAR/SAM REGIONAL GUIDANCE MATERIAL ON

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMMES

Chapters 9 – 11

Version 1.0

November 2001



Contents

Chapter 9.Proficiency Training Programmes

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management

Chapter 11. Human Factors



Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes

Introduction• Proficiency training is necessary to maintain

and update the knowledge and skills necessary to apply air traffic control procedures in a safe an efficient manner

• Proficiency training includes: Refresher training Supplemental training Skill enhancement Remedial training




• May be accomplished in many different ways External Internal (local/in-house-in proficiency training)

• Most practical and efficient• Train staff as instructors (may involve external training)• After returning from training they would train others to

become instructors (train-the-trainer) Proficiency training may include:

• Training videos - Separation minima• Discussions/briefings - ATS incidents• Operational procedures - Contingency procedures• Emergency procedures - Effects of volcanic

ash to• Coordination procedures aviation




Proficiency training• Is required for:

All ATS operational personnel (supervisors and controllers) Support personnel who maintain operational currency

• Purpose Maintain and upgrade knowledge and skills necessary to

apply air traffic control procedures in safe and efficient manner

• Training needs will vary between different ATS units• Describe proficiency training programme in ATS unit directive• Annual schedule of proficiency training requirements• Document training provided in controller’s training record




Types of proficiency training• Refresher training

Recurring training conducted to maintain and update previously learned knowledge and skills

• Supplemental training Training administered to ATS operational personnel prior to implementation of new/revised procedures, regulations, equipment




Types of proficiency training (cont.)• Skill enhancement training

Training assigned, normally by the supervisor, when it is determined that a need exists to increase the skill(s) of a controller in a position on which he/she is certified

• Remedial training Training assigned to correct specific performance deficiencies




Unusual situations Infrequently used procedures Safety alerts/traffic advisories Wake turbulence Line up and wait procedures Deicing procedures Bird activity information Strayed or unidentified aircraft

orientation Interception of civil aircraft Meteorology procedures for ATC Radar backup systems ATS contingency plan procedures Effects of volcanic ash to aviation Coordination procedures Civil/military coordination/joint

use airspace Separation minima

Radar vectoring techniques Speed control techniques Situational awareness ATS incident reduction Aircraft performance and

characteristics ATC communications Prevention of runway incursions Special VFR operations Level assignment Local manual of operations Letters of agreement Arrival/departure procedures Weather Noise abatement ATS unit file/life safety

procedures

Refresher training topics




“This material is extracted from Amendment No. 40 to Annex 11 and Amendment No. 4 to PANS-ATM Doc. 4444, both

applicable on 1 November 2001”




Introduction• States implement systematic and appropriate ATS safety

management programmes to ensure that safety is maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes by 27 November 2003

• ATS safety management programmes Provide for regular monitoring and assessment of

safety level achieved Identify potential hazards and determine the need for

remedial action Ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an

acceptable level of safety is implemented




Objectives of ATS safety and capacity management• Ensure established ATS level of safety is met

within an airspace or aerodrome• Safety-related enhancements are implemented• ATS capacities conforming to actual needs – as

far as practicable and subject to safety considerations

• Facilitate efficiency and economy in aircraft operations through use of flexible airspace




ATS safety management activities• Monitoring overall safety levels and detection of any

adverse trend• Safety reviews of ATS units• Safety assessments

Airspace re-organizations New or changed ATS procedures

• Establish need for safety enhancing measures• Review ATS capacities

Traffic demands, balancing capacity and traffic demands

• Flexible use of airspace Gain capacity and efficiency




Monitoring of safety levels• Periodically collect and review safety related

data to evaluate level of safety achieved in ATS and to detect any adverse trends

Safety reviews• Conduct safety reviews of ATS units on a

regular basis• Safety review topics include:

Regulatory issues Operational and technical issues Licensing and training issues




Safety Assessments• Need for safety assessments• Acceptable level of safety• Safety-significant factors

Need for safety-enhancing measures Reviews of airspace and ATC capacity Capacity assessments Regulation of ATC capacity and traffic volumes Enhancements to ATC capacity Flexible use of airspace



Chapter 11. Human Factors

ICAO Assembly adopted Resolution A26-9 in 1986 on Flight Safety and Human Factors

Incorporation of Human Factors related SARPs in several ICAO Annexes and documents:• PANS-OPS, Doc. 8400, PANS-ATM, Doc. 4444,

Annex 10 and 11• Human Factors Guidelines for Air Traffic

Management Systems Manual, Doc. 9758



Chapter 11. Human Factors (cont’d)

Human Factors knowledge in ATS systems and practices plays an important role in air traffic quality assurance

Important concepts in the development acquisition and implementation of ATM systems:• Human centered automation• Situation awareness• Error management

Findings of Human Factors research projects useful to Air Traffic Controllers:• Extracts from “Human Factors to Air Traffic Control

Specialists: A User’s Manual for your Brain” FAA – November 1995



Chapter 11. Human Factors (cont’d)

Information useful to air traffic control personnel• Controller/pilot voice communications• Memory• Fatigue• Effects of stress on information processing• Techniques

Help reduce probability of voice communications errors

Remembering specific information Identifying stress that could affect performance

Reduce fatigue

THANK YOUTHE END

Documents

CAR/SAM Regional Guidance Material on Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Programmes