Carl Wirdak Occidental Petroleum Corporation GEMI Survey Water Use, Issues & Management March 2001

Carl WirdakOccidental Petroleum Corporation

GEMI Survey

Water Use, Issues & Management

March 2001

WATER USE, ISSUES & MANAGEMENT 2

Outline

• Survey Recap• Background

– Sources and uses of water– Discharges & compliance

• Commitment– R&D, people and planning

• Issues– Awareness & Impact– Advocacy

• Key Themes


Survey Overview

• Intended to cover all activities – manufacturing, transportation/distribution, product

formulation and use, etc.

• Survey response rate = 80% – 27 companies responded to the survey– Not all companies completed all questions

• Broad industry coverage– Chemicals, semiconductor, oil/gas, consumer

products, pharmaceuticals, food/beverage, forest products, energy, steel, transportation, etc.


Source

50% rely on public/private water systems

Ground Water - Fresh14%

Surface Water - Fresh27%

Public or Private Water System50%

Ground Water - Saline3%

Surface Water - Saline6%


Water Discharges

• One-half of the water discharged is treated on-site

• 10% (primarily cooling water) is discharged untreated

• Significant amount is treated in POTWs

Other 1%Estuary 3%

Injection 5%

Ocean 12%

POTW 34%

Fresh Water 46%

Wastewater Receptors


Usage

~40% of usage is related to heat transfer

Materials Processing Aid or

Solvent24%

Steam or Power Generation

15%

Raw Material10%

Cleaning8%

Potable or Sanitary Uses

6%

Cooling Medium26%

Other2%Emissions Control

4%

Oil and Gas Production Activities

4%

Landscape Irrigation

1%


Key Theme

Water, water everywhere, but barely a drop for drinking


Measurement & Reporting

Measure PublicReport

Intake 93% 44%Discharged (ex. storm water) 93% 44%Used / processed 67% 19%Storm water discharged 48% 22%Recycled 44% 7%In product / evaporated 41% 7%

• Measurement appears driven by operational or compliance requirements

• Public reporting varies• What does the publicly reported data mean?


Discharge Monitoring

Parameters Monthly Quarterly Annually<5 23% 44% 28%

5 - 10 36% 31% 29%11 - 25 27% 13% 21%

>25 14% 12% 21%

Monitoring represents a significant burden

Parameters include:BOD, pH, TSS, COD, Solids, Oil & Grease, Ammonia, TOC, Oxygen, Fecal coliform, Toxic Organics, Flow, Metals, BTEX, Temperature, Cyanide, TOC, Whole Effluent Toxicity, ...


57%

40%

11%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Exceedances

NOVs

Audit Findings

Compliance

16 GEMI companies

Mismanagement has consequences


Key Theme

Compliance can be slippery when wet


Research & Development

• About half of GEMI companies are involved in water / wastewater R&D

• Common areas of investigation– minimization, recycling & processing:

• ultra-pure technology• cooling water treatment• re-injection (oil & gas)

– contaminant fate & effect studies– wastewater treatment technology

• membrane filtration• odor control

• metals removal• biological treatment


Water Specialty Personnel

0

3

6

9

12

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

< FTE/Billion $

Co

mp

anie

s at

hea

dco

un

t sh

ow

n

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Frequency Cumulative %


Key Theme

The budget allocated to water is a drop in the bucket for

most companies


Water Policy and Planning

• Over one-half have water-related policy

• ~55% consider water in business planning, most at business unit level or higher

• ~75% have some form of explicit policy or plan addressing water

• Over 25% are in the “No - No” category

No Yes

Water in Business Plans

No

Po

licy

Co

nce

rnin

g W

ate

rY

es 105

57

Number of Companies


Awareness of Water Issues

• EHS staff personnel broadly perceive importance of water issues• Outside of EHS staff, companies with some form of explicit water

policy or consider water in business planning have 50% higher average awareness than those companies that don’t

0

5Senior / Executive Management

Business / RegionalManagement

Engineering / Operations /Production Management

EHS Staff

Facility Operating Staff & LineEmployees

Explicit Policy or Plan Informal Consideration


Key Theme

Without a policy or plan, awareness often goes down

the drain


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Current Issues

• Operations appear more broadly impacted than markets

• Treatment and disposal of wastewater and storm water remain a key operations issue

• Supply-related issues are present

• Is there a potential “gap” on management’s radar screen?

Operations

Markets


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 2 4 6 8 10

Issue Impact

• Median impact of issue ranges from 2.5 to 7 years

• The most common pressing issue is the treatment and disposal of wastewater and storm water

• Supply-related issues have longer latency

Years to Impact

Cum

ulat

ive

Fre

quen

cy

Emerging Issues Envelope


Key Theme

Water issues are fluid


Advocacy

• >50% of U.S. water issues have minor business impact

• Perceived understanding of issue generally high, but...

• Wide variation among GEMI members

• Water issues are on the advocacy agenda, but generally ranked at middle level

U.S. Regulatory Issues

1

3

5

1 3 5

Understanding

Imp

act


“Hot” Advocacy IssuesDisposal

• Cost of treatment/disposal

• Effluent guidelines

• Mixing zones

• Pharmaceuticals in water

• Remediation

• Site discharge standards

• Storm water

• TMDL

• UIC

Supply & Other

• Endangered species

• Wetlands

• WQ standards

• Cooling water intake structures

• Supply availability

• Supply pricing

• Treatment of supply

Where Are Issues Worked?

0%

10%

20%

30%

Global National State Local

Disposal Supply & Other


Key Theme

Advocacy efforts go with the flow


Key Themes

• Water, water everywhere, but barely a drop for drinking

• Compliance can be slippery when wet

• The budget allocated to water is a drop in the bucket for most companies

• Without a policy or plan, awareness often goes down the drain

• Water issues are fluid

• Advocacy efforts go with the flow

Documents

Carl Wirdak Occidental Petroleum Corporation GEMI Survey Water Use, Issues & Management March 2001