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Carbon Dioxide Emission: 24 billion tons per year
CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
Carbon capture and storage is mostly used to describe methods for removing CO2 emissions from large stationary sources, such as electricity generation and some industrial processes, and storing it away from the atmosphere.
Carbon Capture Technology
•Post- combustion capture•React the flue gas with chemicals that absorb CO2 and then heat the chemicals to release CO2.
•NOTE:Flue gas : Mixture of nitrogen , water vapor and 15 % of Carbon dioxide
.
Carbon Capture Technology
• Oxy-fuel combustion– Use pure oxygen to support the fossil fuel combustion. The
flue gas is then mostly CO2 and water making it to separate easily.
Carbon Capture Technology
Pre- combustion captureRemove carbon before combustion. By gasifying the coal through the reaction with more oxygen, it is possible to a mix of mostly CO2 and hydrogen.
Transportation
• Many point sources of captured CO2 would not be close to geological or oceanic storage facilities. In these cases, transportation would be required.
• The main form of transportation – pipeline. – Shipping
Carbon Storage technology
•Geological storage•Oceanic storage
Geological storage
Oceanic Storage
Two storage mechanism has been proposed
– Dissolving CO2 at mid-depth.
– Injecting the CO2 at depths in excess of 3 km , where it would form lakes of liquid CO2 . Bellow 3 km liquid CO2 would be denser than sea water and would sink to the ocean floor.
Monitoring
• Geochemical Monitoring • Seismic Monitoring
• Non-Seismic Monitoring
What might Carbon Capture and Storage look like?
The diagram is from a BP news release from the abandoned Miller project, UK North Sea, which is no longer available online.
Carbon Storage Concerns• CCS technologies actually require a lot of energy to
implement and run• transporting captured CO2 by truck or ship, require
fuel. • Creating a CCS-enabled power plant also requires a
lot of money. • What happens if the carbon dioxide leaks out
underground? We can't really answer this question. Because the process is so new, we don't know its long-term effects. Slow leakage would lead to climate changing. Sudden catastrophic leakage is dangerous, and causes asphyxiation.
• The more CO2 an ocean surface absorbs, the more acidic it becomes, higher water acidity adversely affects marine life.
FutureGenFutureGen is a public-private partnership to build a first-of-its-kind coal-fueled, near-zero emissions power plant. It will use cutting-edge technologies to generate electricity while capturing and permanently storing carbon dioxide deep beneath the earth. The plant will also produce hydrogen and byproducts for possible use by other
Where are the proposed CCS projects?
• http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sccs/storage/storageSites.html
• More links• http://network.carboncapturejournal.com/video/2018151:Video:4342• http://www.futuregenalliance.org/about.stm
