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David J. Arthur, CEO SouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc. http://swentnano.com [email protected]
TM Carbon Nanotube Materials for Automotive Applications
Presented at:
ACCE2014 Novi, MI
Sep. 9~11, 2014
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Advanced materials for a better future. www.swentnano.com
Energy storage solutions and light-weight composites
Crack-free concrete, asphalt and anticorrosion paints
Flexible, low-cost displays and “3D” touch solutions
Sales: 860.428.9482 l Tech Support: 914.844.8516 l www.swentnano.com
Electric Vehicles Infrastructure Printed Electronics
Slide 2
“According to Future Markets, CNT market is projected to grow
to $2.3 billion by 2020”
Slide 3
“Commercial success depends on CNT industry addressing Five Critical Factors.”
Slide 4
Five Critical Factors
SWeNT® CNT
solutions
Structure
Purity
Integration Scalability
Value
Improve performance and
reduce cost
CNTs tailored for target
applications
No need for further
purification
Easy & safe to use
Scale with capital
efficiency
Slide 5
SW “Single-wall”
FW “Few-wall”
MW “Multi-wall”
CNT Types
❶ ❷ ❼
$100,000/kg $1,000/kg $100/kg
# Walls
Price
Slide 6
1nm 3nm 10nm Diameter
CNT Synthesis
Slide 7
Catalyst Support (metal oxides)
Active phase precursor (proprietary compound)
Active phase support (Mo2C)
Active phase (metal clusters)
CNT
Starting Catalyst Catalyst Activation Nucleation & Growth
Occurs in Fluidized Bed Reactor
Starting Catalyst for SWCNT
Starting Catalyst for FWCNT
Catalyst
MWCNT
Starting Catalyst for MWCNT
CoMoCAT® catalyst technology + fluidized bed reactor platform = selective and scalable synthesis
of the full range of CNTs.
SW “Single-wall”
FW “Few-wall”
MW “Multi-wall”
CNT Applications
❶ ❷ ❼
$100,000/kg $1,000/kg $100/kg
# Walls
Price
Energy storage (supercapacitors)
PMC (conductive, light-weight)
MMC (ultra conductive copper)
Electronics (transparent conductors,
transistors, sensors, memory)
Infrastructure (cement, asphalt, steel)
Energy storage (batteries)
Slide 8 CNTs will impact the Automotive Industry
SWCNT for electronics
Slide 9
Video of screen printing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRhN7bK9p1Q
R&D Stage
Commercial Stage
SWCNT Transparent Conductive Films
Slide 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Δ Sh
eet R
es (R
/R0)
VC101 vs. PEDOT: Sheet Resistance after Thermoforming
VC101 PEDOT
Thermoformed prototype (VC101 on transparent
polycarbonate). *Data unavailable due to PEDOT sample cracking at this location.
4
6
*
Data collected along midline of
prototype surface.
85 ⁰C
-40 ⁰C
60 ⁰C at 90% hum
85 ⁰C at 85% hum
VC101: Sheet Res Stability
200 μm
AC200 (95% VLT)
CNT line Width = 175 μm
VC101 VC101
100 nm
SWCNT Network After R2R Coating
MWCNT for PMC
Slide 11
C. P. Rejisha, S. Soundararajan, N. Sivapatham, and K. Palanivelu, “Effect of MWCNT on Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate Blends,” Journal of Polymers, vol. 2014, Article ID 157137, 7 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/157137
MWCNT for energy storage
Slide 12
K. Sheem et al., Journal of Power Sources 158 (2006) 1425-1430
Hypothesis: CNTs (if well-dispersed) are
expected to form more robust and more electrically & thermally
conductive networks:
Results:
Battery fab & testing done by:
FWCNT for energy storage
Slide 13
TEM: FW100X
# Walls
Mostly DWCNT
OD ~ 3nm Length ~ 2.3µm SSA ~ 800 m2/g
5 nm 20 nm
FWCNT for energy storage
Slide 14
> 99.9% purity
FWCNT for energy storage
Slide 15
Activated Carbon (AC) (Commercially
Available)
Random FWCNT Network
Energy Density (Wh/kg) 4~5 ~10
Power Density (kW/kg) 1~2 ~20
Capacitance (F/g) < 100 180
FWCNT network: – lower resistance than AC higher Power Density – higher electrolyte-accessibility than AC higher Energy Density
T Chen and L Dai, ”Carbon nanomaterials for high-performance supercapacitors”, Materials Today, 16(7/8), 2013.
FWCNT network
FWCNT for energy storage
Slide 16
RGO FWCNT + RGO Delta %Capacitance, 5 cycles (F/g) 74.6 141.6 90%Capacitance, 100 cycles (F/g) 24.6 116.6 374%Delta % 67% 18%
Electrochemical Characterization*
*
What is Ultra Conductive Copper (UCC)?
Slide 17
– A composite material consisting of < 1% nano-carbon embedded in a >99% copper matrix
– In 2011, demonstrated 130% IACS at ambient temperature and at lab scale. Indications that >200% IACS possible
– Two promising UCC production approaches: • Electrolytic co-deposition UCC foil • CNT filament formation UCC wire
– Valuable IP surrounds managing C/Cu interface – Other UCC property improvements vs. Cu:
• Ampacity • Thermal conductivity • Tensile strength, Elastic modulus • Thermal coefficient of expansion
Electrons flow with ultra-low resistance through nano-tubes
Source: International Copper Association
UCC Foil
Slide 18
Property Cu UCC delta %
Conductivity1 (S/m) 6.02E+07 8.01E+07 33%
Ampacity1 (A/cm2) 3.88E+04 5.57E+04 44%
Thermal conductivity2 (W/m/K) 385 590 53%
CTE2 (ppm/C) 17 5 -71%
Tensile strength2 (Mpa) 230 710 209%
Tensile elongation2 (%) 22% 5% -77%
1 2 Applications include LiBs, CCLs
CNT Applications Development Center in Boston, MA
SWeNT Strategic Alliance Partner
Slide 19
Integration
Slide 20
SW CNT inks for
screen printing
FW CNT pastes & slurries for R2R electrode fabrication
MW CNT/polymer pellets for
injection molding or extrusion
Business Model
Slide 21
CoMoCAT®
catalyst
CNT-enhanced polymers, cement,
asphalt, etc.
SWeNT® CNT products
CNTs mass-produced
at low-cost
CUSTOMERS Large Chemical Companies
Scalable and Low Cost
Fluidized Bed Reactor Design
Continuous Processes
Recycling Catalyst
Capital Efficiency
Low Cost
Slide 22
Value
Slide 23
PMC better conductive plastics
Electrical conductivity in Polycarbonate
Cond
uctiv
ity (S
/cm
)
CNT Loading (wt%)
SW
Lower cost, more ergonomic & more durable
Printed Electronics replace membrane switches
More conductive, lower loadings,
better toughness
Energy Storage better supercapacitors
Higher power density & longer
cycle life
SSA (m2/g) Cost ($/kg)
SW 1,000 100,000
FW 800 1,000
FW MW
MWCNT for infrastructure
Slide 24
Stronger & stiffer cement: Self-sensing cement:
Plus stronger, more durable asphalt materials and anti-corrosion paints for steel.
What does this have to do with Automobiles? Economies of scale will drive down costs of MWCNTs!
Today, Total MWCNT production ~ 3,000 MTA With only 1% share of cement market, MWCNT production > 300,000 MTA
Source: S.P. Shah, M. S. Konsta-Gdoutos, Z.S. Metaxa, Highly dispersed carbon nanotube-reinforced cement-based materials, US Patent 2009/0229494A1, (2009).
Source: “Carbon Nanotube Based Self-sensing Concrete for Pavement. Structural Health Monitoring”, Dr. Xun Yu, Dr. Eil Kwon, University of Minnesota Duluth, Final report for the U.S. Department of Transportation, Contract/Grant No. DTFH61-10-C-00011, April 2012
Thank you!
Slide 25