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Carbohydrates
Sugars make rings in aqueous solutions
C
CC
C
CC
1'
2'3'
4'
5'
6'
O
When sugars bond together, it
happens at the 1 and 4 carbons.
H
HH
H
H
OHOH OH
OH
OHHH
Simple & complex sugars• Monosaccharides
– simple 1 monomer sugars– Ex. glucose, fructose
• Disaccharides– 2 monomers– Ex. maltose, sucrose
• Polysaccharides – large polymers– Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
H
H
H
OH
O
Glucose
Polysaccharides • Polymers of sugars
• Function:– energy storage
• starch (plants)• glycogen (animals)
– in liver & muscles
– structure• cellulose (plants)• chitin (arthropods & fungi)
glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose glucoseglucose
Building bigger sugars• Dehydration synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
monosaccharides
|sucrose
(table sugar)
disaccharide
H2O
Digesting polysaccharides
• Say you ate a potato (full of starch!).• What kind of reaction will your body carry out to
digest the starch (we’ll say, 200 glucose bonded together) into monomers?
• What are the reactants? What are the products?• Challenge: balance the equation!
C1200H2002O1001+ 199H2O--> 200C6H12O6
Metabolism• Sum of all reactions in
your body
When you eat disachharides or polysaccharides, what happens?
When you have too much glucose in your blood, what happens?