Capitalizing on De-Industrialization to Sustainably Address the Demands of Growth and Modernization

7/31/2019 Capitalizing on De-Industrialization to Sustainably Address the Demands of Growth and Modernization

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Urban PaPer SerieS 2012

CaPitalizing on De-inDUStrialization

to SUStainably aDDreSS the DemanDS

of growth anD moDernization

Steve wertheim


2/17

2012 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.

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On the cover: A telescope viewer overlooks the San Francisco skyline. Philip Dyer


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Capitalizing on De-Industrialization toSustainably Address the Demands of Growth

and Modernization

Urban Policy Paper Series

May 2012

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Capitalizing on De-Industrialization to Sustainably Address

the Demands of Growth and Modernization1

Executive Summary

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Background

1Policy Challenge

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The German Marshall Fund of the United States4

modernization pressure, and industrial trajec-tory. To answer the second question, I looked

for case studies involving strategies that could

prove applicable in San Francisco. To answer the

third question, I focused on cities where I could

easily establish connections and access relevant

information.4 Based on these screening criteria,

I chose to conduct my research in Torino (Italy),

Lyon (France), Amsterdam (the Netherlands), and

Copenhagen (Denmark). A brief context for each

city and its applicability to my research is provided

below.

Torino

Torino is the central city of Italys Piemonte (Pied-

mont) region, with a population of 900,000 in a

region of 1.3 million.5 For much of the 20th century,

Torino was an industrial town. The retrenchment of

manufacturing starting in the 1970s decimated the

city, resulting in a loss of hundreds of thousands of

jobs, a third of its residents, and in many ways the

citys wealth and identity. Huge swaths of the citys

industrial land became underutilized or completely

abandoned. The ongoing revitalization of the city

is largely focused on redeveloping this industrialland, much of it strung along a linear transporta-

tion network called La Spina (the Spine) that aptly

runs through the center of the city.6

Lyon

Lyon is Frances second largest city, with a popula-

tion of nearly 500,000 in a region of 1.5 million.

Lyon has a thriving industrial sector, largely

located away from the inner core of the city. By

comparison, one industrial district immediately

adjacent to downtown (La Confluence) and another

4 This search was informed both by the citys participation in theGMFUS Transatlantic Cities Network and the likelihood thatinterviewees would be fluent in English.

5 Regional population is used to describe the urbanized areaincluding and surrounding the city.

6 For more information on Torinos remarkable renaissance seethis City Report by the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion.

a bit further out (Carre de Soire) have largely beenabandoned and are the focus of intensive rede-

velopment efforts on the part of the city. These

two areas will be the main focus of my analysis. In

brief, La Confluence is a brownfield redevelopment

project on approximately 170 acres of land proxi-

mate to downtown Lyon. The site has ambitious

architectural and sustainability goals and aims to

achieve a new city center, with important retail and

entertainment attractions. Carre de Soie is a brown-

field redevelopment project of approximately 1,200

acres further from the regional core, in the adjacent

towns of Villeurbanne and Vaulx-en-Velin. It istargeted to be more of a middle-income residential

center with limited office and more local-serving

retail amenities.

Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and largest city of the

Netherlands, with 750,000 people in a region of 1

million. A historically important trading center,

Amsterdams port and industrial fortunes declined

in the mid-20th century with the rise of container-

ization and larger vessels. Amsterdam has wholly

repurposed its industrial port into predominantlyresidential medium density housing, including

important projects next to downtown like the East

Docklands and the Noordwarts redevelopment

nearby.

Copenhagen

Copenhagen is Denmarks capital and primary

city, with 500,000 people in a region of 1.2 million.

Compared to many European cities, Copenhagen

was never highly industrialized, though shipping

was important. One of the few significant industrial

redevelopment opportunities is at the site of theformer Carlsberg Brewing facility, a 75-acre site

located in the center of the city. Another important

redevelopment site is the North Harbor, close to

downtown but relatively isolated on a peninsula.


7/17



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Governance

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Case Study Regionalism in Lyon

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Analysis

2

In the San Francisc

Bay Area, there are

over 100 separate

jurisdictions makin

independent land u

and policy decision


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The Strategic Plan

represented the first

uch effort of its kind in

aly, and has become a

blueprint for numerous

subsequent civic

sioning efforts aroundthe country.

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Key Lessons for San Francisco

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Case Study Making Housing Affordable in Torino

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Torino provides an

instructive example

of a city that meets

affordable housing

needs by utilizing th

market to balance

supply and demand


10/17


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Case Study Making Housing Affordable in

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San Francisco should

consider holding on to

publicly owned land,

and even acquiring

additional land as the

opportunity presents

itself, recognizing thatAmsterdams strategy

has taken nearly a

century to implement.


11/17



Part of Lyons regio

strategy has been t

actively maintain a

enhance the citys

vibrant industrial se

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Case Study Promoting Economic Development

in Lyon

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12/17


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Connectivity

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Torino engaged in a

dramatic project to

shift freight to tracks

on the citys periphery,

underground the

existing tracks for use

as passenger rail, andcreate an important

civic boulevard above

the tracks.


13/17



Prioritizing the

development of tra

service enables ne

residents and work

to immediately ben

rather than develop

hard-to-break relianon private automob

Case Study Walking and Transit in Lyon

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Case Study Bicycling in Copenhagen

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14/17


Industrial areas

rarely come with the

amenities we consider

necessary to complete

modern communities,

such as green spaces,

vibrant streets, movingarchitecture, and

ecological amenities.

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Area of Concern

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Case Study Ecology in Lyon

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Case Study Architecture and Historic Resources

in Amsterdam

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15/17



San Francisco will n

to investigate strate

to create shared

efficiencies betwee

buildings in terms o

heating, cooling, en

and water.

Case Study Open Space in Torino

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Case Study Community Amenities in Copen-

hagen

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16/17


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17/17

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Capitalizing on De-Industrialization to Sustainably Address the Demands of Growth and Modernization