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Skill Focus: E1.18(A) use conventions of capitalization STAAR/EOC Readiness Standard Writing Coach pages 546-550. Capitalization in Sentences. RULE 1: Capitalize the first word in all sentences . Examples: M y sister visited London last summer. D id she see Buckingham Palace?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Skill Focus: E1.18(A) use conventions of capitalization STAAR/EOC Readiness Standard
Writing Coach pages 546-550
Capitalization in Sentences
RULE 1: Capitalize the first word in all sentences.
Examples:My sister visited London last
summer.Did she see Buckingham
Palace?
RULE 2: Capitalize the first word in interjections and incomplete questions.
Examples:Wow! That’s wonderful news!
Where? What time?
Rule 3: Always capitalize the personal pronoun I.
Examples:I won the bicycle race!
Where should I ride this weekend?
Rule 4: Capitalize the first word after a colon ONLY if the word begins a complete sentence. Do NOT capitalize the word if it begins a list of words or phrases.
Examples:The hiker repeated his message: He was
lost.The campers packed the following items:
backpacks, tents, and blankets.
Rule 5: Capitalize the first word in each line of traditional poetry, even if the line does not start a new sentence.
Examples: My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky… --William Wordsworth “My Heart Leaps Up”
Rule 6: Capitalize the first word in a direct quotation. However, do NOT capitalize the first word of a continuing quotation that has been interrupted or is incomplete.
Examples:“The gorilla has escaped!”someone
exclaimed.“Should I,” asked the zookeeper, “follow
this trail of banana peels?”Park officials reported that the animal
was “caught in the gift shop.”
Skill Focus: E1.18(A) use conventions of capitalization STAAR/EOC Readiness Standard
Writing Coach pages 551-558
Capitalization with Proper Nouns
RULE 1: Capitalize the specific name of any person, place, or thing (proper nouns).
Examples: Jill, my sister who lives in Austin,
read Alice in Wonderland at the library before she saw the movie.
RULE 2: Capitalize each part of a person’s name even when the full name is not used.
Examples: My favorite authors include Ray
Bradbury, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Edgar Allan Poe.
Rule 3: Capitalize names found on maps and place names (streets, countries, lakes, buildings, schools, etc.)
Examples:We turned west on Gandy Street and
arrived at the Forth Worth Museum of Science and History.
• Words indicating direction are capitalized only when they refer to a section or region of the country.
Examples: The North fought against the South
during the Civil War.
Union soldiers marched south across the battlefield.
• Capitalize names of celestial bodies (planets, etc.) except for moon and sun.
Examples: We watched the moon pass between
the sun and Earth during the eclipse.
• Do NOT capitalize words such as park, hotel, or building unless the word is part of the proper name.
Examples: We walked to the Golden Palms Hotel
from a park near the beach.
Rule 4: Capitalize major historical events, time periods, and documents as well as dates and holidays.
Examples:Memorial Day was instituted at the end of
World War I to honor fallen soldiers.
* Capitalize days of the week and months of the year, but do NOT capitalize the names of seasons.
Examples: The first Monday in September is the next
holiday after our summer vacation.
RULE 5: Capitalize names of organizations, governmental bodies, political parties, races, nationalities, languages, and religions.
Examples: A group of Israeli exchange students
sponsored by the Knights of Columbus attended a lecture on Judaism.
Rule 6: Capitalize the names of awards, specific types of airplanes, boats, and spacecraft, and brand names.
Examples: An astronaut received the Medal of
Space Exploration for discovering a giant Converse shoeprint after piloting a Luna V spacecraft to the moon.
Rule 7: Capitalize most proper adjectives.
Examples:Although I craved Italian food, my family ate
at a Chinese restaurant.
RULE 8: Capitalize a brand name when it is used as an adjective, but do not capitalize the common noun it modifies.
Examples: I bought Levis jeans and a
Timex watch at the local mall.
Rule 9: Do NOT capitalize a common noun used with two proper adjectives.
Examples: My house is on Evergreen Street, but I
used to live on the corner of Niven and Card streets.
Rule 10: Do NOT capitalize prefixes attached to proper adjectives unless the prefix refers to a nationality. In a hyphenated adjective, capitalize only the proper adjective.
Example: Many Spanish-speaking citizens live in
all-American communities.
Skill Focus: E1.18(A) use conventions of capitalization STAAR/EOC Readiness Standard
Writing Coach pages 559-564
Other Uses of Capitals
RULE 1: Capitalize the first word and all nouns in letter openings (salutations) and the first word in letter closings.
Examples:Dear Steve, My dear Sister,Sincerely yours,Best regards,
RULE 2: Capitalize a person’s title only when it is used with the person’s name or when it is used as a proper name by itself.
Examples: “How is Grandma feeling?”
my mom asked Dr. Wilson.
Rule 3:Capitalize certain honorary titles held by government officials as a sign of respect.
Examples: The First Lady gave a speech at our
library!
Rule 4: When referring to relatives, only capitalize when the title is used with or in place of the person’s actual name.
Example: Uncle Leo only gives my brother a dollar
for his birthday, a fact which upsets Mother.
RULE 5: Do NOT capitalize titles showing family relationships when they have a word that shows ownership in front of them.
Examples: My aunt married Jeff’s father
while Grandma cried her eyes out.
Rule 6: Capitalize the first word and all other important words in titles of books, movies, songs, etc.
Example: Willow listened to “The Blitzkrieg Bop”
by the Ramones while reading Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher.”
Rule 7: Capitalize titles of classes only if they are language courses, are followed by a number, or are used with an adjective.
Examples: Although I enjoyed Spanish last year, my
favorite classes were probably History II, Honors Physics, and math.