14
Laboratory 97.478 Fall 2001 Authors, Fred Ma, John Knight October 3, 2003 1 Convolution Codes 1.0 Prologue: Convolutional codes, why should complicate our lives with them People use to send voice waveforms in electrical form over a twisted pair of wires. These tel- ephone voice signals had a bandwidth of 4KHz. If the channel polluted the signal with a bit of noise, the only thing that happened was that the conversation got a bit noisier. As technology de- veloped, we digitized the voice signals at 8000 samples per second (twice the highest frequency to prevent aliasing) and transmitted the bits. If noise corrupted a few bits, the corresponding sample value(s) would be slightly wrong or very wrong depending on whether the bad bits were near the most-significant-bit or least-significant-bit. The conversation sounded noisier, but were still dis- cernible. Someone saying “cat” will not be thought to have said “dog,” and probably would not even be thought to have said “caught.” When people started to send data files rather than voice, corrupted bits became more impor- tant. Even one wrong bit could prevent a program from running properly. Say the noise in a chan- nel was low enough for the probability of a bad bit to be 1x10 -9 i.e. the chances of a bit being correct is 0.999999999 (nine 9’s). The chances of 1000 bits being all correct is 0.999999 (six 9’s) and the chances of 10 6 bits being all correct is 0.999 (three 9’s). A 1 megabyte file (8x10 6 bits) has almost a 1% chance of being corrupted. The reliability of the channel had to be improved. The probability of error can be reduced by transmitting more bits than needed to represent the information being sent, and convolving each bit with neighbouring bits so that if one transmit- ted bit got corrupted, enough information is carried by the neighbouring bits to estimate what the corrupted bit was. This approach of transforming a number of information bits into a larger number of transmitted bits is called channel coding, and the particular approach of convolving the bits to distribute the information is referred to as convolution coding. The ratio of information bits to transmitted bits is the code rate (less than 1) and the number of information bits over which the convolution takes place is the constraint length. For example, suppose you channel encod- ed a message using a convolution code. Suppose you transmitted 2 bits for every information bit (code rate=0.5) and used a constraint length of 3. Then the coder would send out 16 bits for every 8 bits of input, and each output pair would de- pend on the present and the past 2 input bits (constraint length =3). The output would come out at twice the input speed. Since information about each input bit is spread out over 6 transmitted bits, one can usual- ly reconstruct the correct input even with several transmission errors. The need for coding is very important in the use of cellular phones. In this case, the “chan- nel” is the propagation of radio waves between your cell phone and the base station. Just by turn- ing your head while talking on the phone, you could suddenly block out a large portion of the transmitted signal. If you tried to keep your head still, a passing bus could change the pattern of 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 11 10 00 01 01 00 Convolution channel encoder 3 bits in the input stream generate 2 bits in the output stream. Take the most recent of these input bits next 2 output bits. Thus each input bit effects 6 output bits. plus one new input bit and generate the a b a b FIGURE 1

CANNES 2015 - upsidedistribution.com · Marilyn Monroe, the world of Theater on Broadway and the chivvy of communists during the McCarthy era. All these events accompany a biography

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

CANNES 2015

FAREWELL MY TEACHER2015 / FR / 1X90’Jean Michel Burel has spent 40 years teaching in the unique class of the same village in Saint-Just-et-Vacquières (in the South of France). He retired in 2012.

Director Emilie Thérond decided to go back to her childhood village to follow the last year of Burel’s carrer. Jean-Michel is more than a just teacher. He does not only teach reading or maths but also poetry, the horror of the 2 World Wars, the freedom of speach, the joy of a walk around oak trees or the reasons why seasons are important.

French Distributor: Disney / Release date: Sept 30 2015

COMPLETED

SYRIA: OUR TERRIBLE COUNTRY« WHEN A REVOLT GOES WRONG » THE NEW YORK TIMES

2014 / ARABIC & ENG / 1X83’Follow the perilous journey of Yassin Haj Saleh, a well-known Syrian intellectual and dissident, and the young photographer Ziad Homsi who travel together in a dangerous route from the liberated area of Damascus to Raqqa in northern Syria. They are forced to leave their home country for a temporary exile in Turkey.The film blunlty exposes the evolution of Syria’s revolt that contributed to the emergence of the extremist islamic mindset. The authenticity of this documentary lies in Homsi’s shift of perspective, switching from behind the camera to an active character. His point of view sheds Mr. saleh in a different light, that of a compassionate yet frail man.

SUSPENDED IN TIMEFRENCH BOX OFFICE : 200,000 USD

2014 / FR / 1X77’Far from the clichés, the sisters of the Bonneval Abbey surprise by confiding their thoughts about society, consumption and the time elapsing. For the first time, a camera has entered in the heart of the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance to portray these women whose the philosophy is unexpectedly modern in such a secular abbey.

FRANK SINATRA:THE VOICE OF AMERICAHE WOULD HAVE TURN 100 IN 2015

2015 / ENG / 1X90’The documentary ‘Frank Sinatra – The Voice of America’ takes us behind the scenes and uncovers the story around Frank’s voice: What was Francis Albert Sinatra like as a person, and where lies the key to his success? We meet the unknown man behind this winning smile and show why Sinatra became a big star, an icon and to many a hero suffering traumata, that influenced an entire era.

Delivery: October 2015

COMPLETED

COMPLETED

IN PRODUCTION

FEATURES LENGHT DOCUMENTARIES

MERKIAVELLIWHAT IS SHE REALLY THINKING ?

2016 / ENG & GER / 1X90’She is often described as the new Iron Lady; others say: “Achtung it’s Angela”. But who is that girl? What is the story behind her story? Interviews with childhood friends, long time companions, business executives and global political leaders reveal how an East German daughter of a protestant Pastor, worked her way up to become the most powerful woman on the planet. Her modesty combined with strong will and her strategic and calculative approach left many wondering, how underestimating Angela Merkel paved her way and made her personal Cinderella-Story come true.

IN PRODUCTION

TOO YOUNG TO DIE2012-2015 / ENG / 11X52’The tragic destinies of:

Heath Ledger, Kurt Cobain, John Belushi, Sharon Tate, Natalie Wood, River Phoenix, Vladimir Vyssozky.

To be delivered in 2015: Falco, Bruce Lee, Judy Garland, Philip Seymour Hoffman.

COMPLETED

HUBERT DE GIVENCHY2015 / FR / 1X52’Hubert de Givenchy is not only one of the most talented fashion designer of the twentieth century he is also one of the most discreet. His fate has been written when he met, among others, Audrey Hepburn, Balenciaga, Marlène Dietrich …

From childhood memories to magical Hollywood film sets, from the enthusiasm of his first fashion show to the international standing of his brand, let’s meet the brilliant Parisian designer, a humble, generous and passionate man.

COMPLETED

MARLON BRANDO: AN ACTOR NAMED DESIRE2014 / FR & ENG / 1X90’A decade after his death, a fresh and unflinching look at the most legendary actor of all times, Marlon Brando. Summer 1943. A young 19-year-old man dressed simply in jeans, T-shirt and a red Fedora arrives in New York with just a few dollars in his pocket. His dream is to become the greatest actor in the world. Eleven years later, after appearing in films like; A Streetcar Named Desire, The Wild One, and On the Waterfront, he earned the title of «King of Actors».

COMPLETED

www.upsidedistribution.com

Johan de [email protected]+33 6 71 93 34 65

ARTHUR MILLER:MAN OF THE CENTURY2015 / ENG / 1X90’The 60 minute documentary “Arthur Miller – Man of the Century” by director Henrike Sandner portraits the life of a man who, over the course of seven decades, created some of the most memorable stage plays in World Literature, and by marrying Marilyn Monroe turned into an American icon. All his life he was torn between glamour, success, social criticism and love. He never stopped to be curious and was always open to find new ways, pushing his limits. Born in New York in the 1920s his biography is tightly connected to the great themes of the 20th century: World War Two, the Atomic Bomb, the American Dream embodied by Marilyn Monroe, the world of Theater on Broadway and the chivvy of communists during the McCarthy era. All these events accompany a biography as fascinating as one can imagine.

Delivery: October 2015

IN PRODUCTION

CINEMA DOCUMENTARIES

Pauline [email protected]+33 7 86 02 17 00

Séverine [email protected]+33 6 89 33 69 97

Ø GRAVITYTHE FIRST DOCUMENTARY SHOT BY ASTRONAUTS

2015/ ENG & GER / 1X52’Accompany the 2 young astonauts, the German Alexander Gerst from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the American Greg Reid Wiseman of NASA, during their first trip in space.

Follow their training and get on board with them to discover their day to day life above us with exceptional images shot inside the ISS.

COMPLETED