Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
This chapter will introduce you to Canada. You will learn all about the region’s geography, history, and culture.
Section 1: Chapter Atlas
Section 2: History of Canada
Section 3: Canada Today
Introduction
Chapter IntroductionChapter Introduction
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Why is Alyssa going to spend time in Iqaluit?
Which three groups make up Canada’s aboriginal population?
myStory
AlyssaAlyssa’’s Storys Story
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
How has being Inuit shaped Alyssa’s life?
myStory
AlyssaAlyssa’’s Storys Story
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Which Inuit traditions does Alyssa share with children as part of her job?
myStory
AlyssaAlyssa’’s Storys Story
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
What traditional foods does Alyssa share with her co-workers?
myStory
AlyssaAlyssa’’s Storys Story
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Is conflict unavoidable?
Chapter Atlas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Atlas
Describe your region, including climate, Describe your region, including climate, location, physical features, and natural location, physical features, and natural
resources:resources:
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• fertile - adj. well suited for growing plants
Because of the fertile soil, farmers had a plentiful
harvest.
• varied - adj. diverse, showing variety
The population of Canada is extremely varied.
Chapter Atlas
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
There are several landform regions in Canada which affect how people live.
Canada has impressive reserves of timber, minerals, and fresh water, and many of its industries are based on these resources.
Chapter Atlas
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
In economic development that has paralleled the United States, most of the Canadian population now lives in cities.
Chapter Atlas
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• precipitation - water that falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
• tundra - area with limited vegetation, such as moss and shrubs
Chapter Atlas
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• permafrost - permanently frozen soil
• mixing zone - an area where warm and cool water combine and stir nutrients from the ocean floor; fish feed on these nutrients
Chapter Atlas
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• Canadian Cordillera
• Canadian Shield
• Arctic Archipelago
• St. Lawrence River Valley
Chapter Atlas
What are some important places What are some important places to know in Canada?to know in Canada?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Outline MapCanada: Outline Map
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Atlas
What landforms in the United States are What landforms in the United States are also found in Canada?also found in Canada?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada is the second largest country in the world in total land area.
The Canadian Shield, a massive rocky area dotted with thousands of lakes, extends from Hudson Bay to the Canadian Cordillera.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Physical FeaturesCanada: Physical Features
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The St. Lawrence River Valley is the most populated region in Canada.
The St. Lawrence River Valley, the Atlantic coast, and the Southwest coast of Canada all have moderate climates.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Physical FeaturesCanada: Physical Features
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The interior plains of Canada have extreme weather.
The areas closest to the United States have hot summers and cold winters.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: ClimateCanada: Climate
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Canadian Shield produces many important minerals that are used throughout the world.
The St. Lawrence River and Seaway connect the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
Fishing, forestry, agriculture, and tourism are all important parts of Canada’s economy.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Land and Natural ResourcesCanada: Land and Natural Resources
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Atlas
What are some natural resources in Canada What are some natural resources in Canada that can also be found in the United States?that can also be found in the United States?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Atlas
What are some environmental problems What are some environmental problems facing Canada?facing Canada?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Is conflict unavoidable?
Chapter Atlas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
History
In your community, what are some In your community, what are some different cultural traditions?different cultural traditions?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• dominate - v. to control, to manage all aspectsSuperior weapons enabled Europeans to dominate native peoples.
• prospered - v. was successful By investing wisely the company prospered.
History
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada’s natural resources have played a key role in the country’s development.
The distinct French and English populations promoted biculturalism early in Canada’s history.
History
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada’s historical ties to the United Kingdom outline a unique transition from interdependence to independence.
History
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• compromise - establishing common ideas that people agree to follow
• First Nations - native groups who lived south of the arctic region in Canada
• New France - French colony in what is now eastern Canada
History
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• province - territory that is under control of a larger country
• dominion - territory that governs itself but is still tied to its original country
History
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
There were many different Native groups inCanada:
• Algonquin
• Iroquois
• Inuit
History
Native Canadian GroupsNative Canadian Groups
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Europeans arrived in the 1400s.
They eventually set up trading agreements with Natives.
Europeans traded wool cloth and metal goods for Native American furs.
History
Contact With EuropeansContact With Europeans
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• Competition for land between France and England
• Increased contact with Europeans, which led to new diseases being introduced to the Native population
History
Cause and Effect: What was the impact Cause and Effect: What was the impact of the fur trade?of the fur trade?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
France was the first European nation to claim land in Canada.
England arrived and claimed land north of New France.
Conflict over the fur trade led to the Seven Years War between France and England.
History
European SettlementEuropean Settlement
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• What was the result of the Seven Years War?
• What European nation ruled Canada after the war?
History
Cause and EffectCause and Effect
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
In the 1800s, Britain passed an act that made Canada a dominion.
The dominion governed itself, but was still tied to Britain.
History
The Dominion of CanadaThe Dominion of Canada
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
In the early 1900s, immigrants arrived from Great Britain, Russia, and the United States.
From 1901 to 1911, Canada’s population grew by 32 percent.
History
ImmigrationImmigration
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada fought in World War I alongside Britain.
Canada proved it could be an independent nation, and in 1931 Britain granted its independence.
History
An Independent NationAn Independent Nation
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
How did Canada get out of the Great Depression?
History
First Great ChallengeFirst Great Challenge
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Today
What types of food have you eaten What types of food have you eaten from different cultures?from different cultures?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Today
How do historical ties to Britain influence How do historical ties to Britain influence life in Canada today?life in Canada today?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• parliamentary - adj. referring to the lawmaking branch of the Canadian governmentCanada has a parliamentary system similar to that of Great Britain.
• project - v. to predictEconomists project a rise in the cost of living.
Today
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada’s federal government reflects historical ties to Britain.
Canada has a modern economy and is an active trade partner with many countries.
Cultural diversity in Canada is unique, as groups maintain much of their traditionswhile being Canadian citizens.
Today
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• cultural mosaic - place where people from different areas retain their cultural identity
• constitutional monarchy - system of government in which the laws in the constitution limit the monarch's or emperor's powers
Today
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• plural society - society in which distinctive cultural, ethnic, and racial groups are encouraged to maintain their own identities and cultures
Today
Key TermsKey Terms
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• The British Queen, Elizabeth II, is the Canadian head of state
• In 1982, Canada created its own constitution to address issues unique to the country
Canada has had a long and enduring relationship with Great Britain.
Today
Historical Ties to BritainHistorical Ties to Britain
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Today
Compare and Contrast: How did Canada and Compare and Contrast: How did Canada and the United States separate from Great the United States separate from Great
Britain?Britain?
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada’s executive branch is made up of the governor general, the prime minister, and the cabinet.
The government of Canada tries to balance the needs of both French and English-speaking Canadians.
Today
Canada: PoliticsCanada: Politics
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada has a strong economy and a well-educated workforce.
Canadians have a high quality of life, and there is national healthcare for every citizen.
Canada exports many natural resources throughout the world.
Today
CanadaCanada’’s Role in the Worlds Role in the World
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
• Canada plays a large role in the peacekeeping missions of the United Nations
• They work to stop wars and protect freedoms
Canada is known throughout the world as a peacekeeping nation.
Today
Canada as a PeacekeeperCanada as a Peacekeeper
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Canada is a diverse nation with many different ethnic groups.
Canadians are encouraged to maintain their own identities and cultures.
Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are Canada’s most diverse cities.
Today
The Cultural MosaicThe Cultural Mosaic
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Immigrants account for 70 percent of the Canadian workforce.
American movies, television programs, and music easily flow into Canada and dominate its media.
Carrying on a unique Canadian culture is important for the country.
Today
Maintaining a Canadian IdentityMaintaining a Canadian Identity
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Today
Canada
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Is conflict unavoidable?
Today
