Can Machines Think?

Rob Kremer

Department of Computer Science

University of Calgary

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IntelligenceIntelligence

What is intelligence???

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IntelligenceIntelligence

Turing Test: A human communicates with a computer via a teletype. If the human can’t tell he is talking to a computer or another human, it passes.

?

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IntelligenceIntelligence

Add vision and robotics to get the total Turing test.

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Weak and Strong AI ClaimsWeak and Strong AI Claims

Weak AI:– Machines can be made

to act as if they were intelligent

Weak AI:– Machines can be made

to act as if they were intelligent

Strong AI:–Machines that act intelligently have real, conscious minds.

Strong AI:–Machines that act intelligently have real, conscious minds.

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What is Intelligence?What is Intelligence?

The Chinese Room

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What is Intelligence?What is Intelligence?

Replacing the brain

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What is AI?What is AI?

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How do we classify research as AI?How do we classify research as AI?

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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LearningLearning

Explanation– Discovery – Data Mining

No Explanation– Neural Nets– Case Based Reasoning

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Learning: ExplanationLearning: Explanation

Cases to rules

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Learning: No ExplanationLearning: No Explanation

Neural nets

Doctor, doctor, I have a runny nose!

You’re going to die.

*ULP*! Why do you say

that??? No idea. The Neural Net

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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Rule-Based SystemsRule-Based Systems

Logic Languages– Prolog, Lisp

Knowledge bases Inference engines

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Rule-Based Languages: PrologRule-Based Languages: Prolog

Father(abraham, isaac). Male(isaac).Father(haran, lot). Male(lot).Father(haran, milcah). Female(milcah).Father(haran, yiscah). Female(yiscah).

Son(X,Y) ← Father(Y,X), Male(X).Daughter(X,Y) ← Father(Y,X), Female(X).

Son(lot, haran)?

X

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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Search: GamesSearch: Games

9!+1 = 362,880 nodes

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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Ability-Based AreasAbility-Based Areas

Computer vision Natural language recognition Natural language generation Speech recognition Speech generation Robotics

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Natural Language: TranslationNatural Language: Translation

“The spirit is strong, but the flesh is weak.”

→ Translate to Russian

“Дух сильн, но плоть слаба.”

← Translate back to English

“The vodka is great, but the meat is rancid!”

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Natural Language RecognitionNatural Language Recognition

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Natural Language RepresentationNatural Language Representation

“Tom believes Mary wants to marry a sailor.”

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based

Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based

Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

RoboCup Challenge RoboCup Game

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Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

Learning Rule-Based Systems Search Planning Ability-Based Areas Robotics Agents

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Agent CommunicationAgent Communication

AliceAlice BobBob

(performative: request, content: attend(Bob,x))Can you

attend this meeting?

(performative: agree, content: attend(Bob,x))Sure...

(performative: inform, content: attend(Bob,x))

I’m here

(performative: confirm, content: attend(Bob,x))Thanks for coming.

(performative: ack, content: attend(Bob,x))(nod)

(performative: ack, content: attend(Bob,x))

(nod)(performative: ack, content: attend(Bob,x))

(nod)

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Agent CommunicationAgent Communication

reply-propose-discharge(Alice,Bob,x)

act(Bob,Alice,x)

propose-discharge(Bob,Alice,x)

Alice Bob

request

inform

reply

agree

inform ack

propose-discharge

done

reply

inform ack

reply-propose-discharge

confirm

reply

informack

reply(Bob,Alice,x)

ack(Bob,Alice,x)

ack

ack(Bob,Alice,x)

ack

ack(Alice,Bob,x)

ack

ack(Alice,Bob,x)

ack

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How far have we got?How far have we got?

Our best systems have the intelligence of a frog

Mind you, how many frogs spend all their intelligence controlling a nuclear power plant? g

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Happy Birthday,Shelby!

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

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